Download File

Because of the large file size of the PowerPoint
slide presentation used in the
“Planning for Natural Hazards and Climate Change Adaptation”
session; we have modified the following slide set to remove most
of those that contained a large number of photographs.
If you desire a complete copy of the PowerPoint
presentation for this session;
please contact Gavin Smith at [email protected]
North Carolina Emergency Management
2015 Spring Conference
Cherokee, North Carolina
Planning for Natural Hazards and Climate Change
Adaptation
Gavin Smith, Ph.D., AICP
Research Professor
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Department of City & Regional Planning
Director
Department of Homeland Security - Coastal Resilience Center of
Excellence
Overview
• Organizing Principles of Book
• Adaptation Challenges and Opportunities
• Hazard Mitigation and Disaster Recovery
• Case Study:
• Mississippi and Hurricane Katrina
• Role of States in Disaster Recovery
• Emergency Manager’s and Climate Change
Adaptation
Organizing Principles of Book
• Poor Coordination between Climate Change
Adaptation and Natural Hazards Risk
Management Community (Hazard Mitigation,
Disaster Recovery)
• Application of International Case Studies
• Disasters and Lesson Drawing
Adaptation Challenges and Opportunities
• Slow-Onset and Episodic Extreme Events (disasters)
• Differing timescales
• Differing spatial scales (global-local)
• Differing camps of researchers and practitioners
• Knowledge base and terminology (physical science/engineering, social sciences,
planning); hazard mitigation/adaptation
Adaptation Challenges and Opportunities
• Political Impediments
• Exceeding political timescales/election cycles
• Institutional and Resource Limitations
• Need for new institutions/maximization of boundary spanning organizations/Underutilization of
existing natural hazards risk management institutions
• Limited funding for climate change adaptation?
• Costs of adaptation uncertain
• Protecting coastal infrastructure to 3 foot sea level rise (estimate 100 billion (New Orleans
Levee 14 billion-100 year event); Rebuilding communities in coastal Mississippi
• Presidential Executive Order – Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Federal
Policy
Adaptation Challenges and Opportunities
• Identifying the Problem and Asking the Right
Questions
• Shared understanding of the problem/goal
setting/involvement
• Framing the problem (vision and goal setting)
• Engagement (participatory planning)
• Assuming responsibility for implementation
and monitoring over time
• Assessing Risk
• Hazards Analysis: Magnitude, intensity, duration,
scale
• Vulnerability Analysis: Likelihood and
consequences
Adaptation Challenges and Opportunities
• Designing and Implementing Pre- and Post-Disaster Adaptation Strategies
• Natural resource protection
• Education and Outreach
• Land use
• Retrofitting critical public facilities and infrastructure
• Relocation and resettlement
• Insurance
• Disaster Management Policies
• Disaster Mitigation Act
• Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act
Hazard Mitigation
• Definitions:
• Any sustained action taken to reduce
long-term risk to human life and
property from natural hazards
(FEMA)
• Pre- and Post-Event Actions
• Policy
• Planning
• 5-Year Study of Local Mitigation Plans
• Poor connection between risk
assessment and identified projects
• Lack of land use measures
• Limited discussion of climate change
9
Defining Disaster Recovery
• Disaster Recovery: The differential process of restoring, rebuilding, and reshaping
the physical, social, economic, and natural environment through pre-event
planning and post-event actions (Smith and Wenger 2006)
• Need to add elements of climate change adaptation
• Learning, coping, varied timescales of “recovery”, flexibility, resilience
Further Describing Disaster Recovery
• Disasters Uncover/Expose Pre-Event Conditions
• Hazard vulnerability, including socially vulnerable populations
• Planning culture
• Other conditions?
• Disaster as “Opportunity”
• Incorporation of sustainable development principles / resilience
• Incorporation of hazard mitigation
• Equity/social justice
• Opportunity for whom?
• Temporal Dimension: Speed versus Deliberation; Time compression
Mississippi Governor’s Office of Recovery and Renewal
• Implementation Focus
• Institutionalizing State and Local Capability (beyond Stafford Act)
• Three Objectives (resources)
• Identification of Funding
• Policy Counsel
• Education, Outreach, and Training
• Boundary Spanning Organization
Mississippi Renewal Forum and New Urbanism
• New Urbanists
• Form-Based Plans
• Pattern Book
• Smart Code
• Integrating Hazard Mitigation into
Design Practice and Disaster Recovery?
Climate Change Adaptation?
• Participatory Planning (Charrette)?
• Emergency Housing
Mississippi Alternative Housing Program
• 400 Million Dollar
Congressional Appropriation
• State Pilot to Develop
Improved Emergency
Housing Alternatives
• MS, LA, AL
• Mississippi Cottage, Green
Mobile and Park model
• Transitional/Permanent
Housing/Adaptive Re-use
• Transitional Housing
• Hazard Mitigation and
Temporary Housing (site
design and foundation
construction)
• Developing Housing
Alternatives after a Major
Disaster
• Adaptive re-use
• Resettlement Option?
Natural Hazards Risk Hazards Management Lessons in Mississippi
• Remapping Mississippi’s Coastal Floodplains
• Secondary policy impacts, migration of coastal residents, and the construction of new inland communities
• The role of the design community in disaster recovery, hazard mitigation, and climate change adaptation
• Adopting new building codes and flood ordinances is not enough; techniques should be coupled with land
use measures
• Creating and Sustaining a State Disaster Recovery Organization Committed to Natural Hazards Risk
Management (including climate change-induced/exacerbated hazards)
Emergency Manager’s and Climate Change Adaptation
• Connectivity Across Plans and Planners
• Hazard Mitigation Plan; Disaster Recovery Plan; Emergency Operations Plan
• Comprehensive Land Use Plan (linkage to emergency management functions)
• Connectivity Across Programs and Funding
• Public Assistance – 406 Mitigation; Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
• National Flood Insurance Program Standards/Local Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance
• Emergency Management Assistance Compact
• Other Collaborative Venues (Accreditation; Training; Exercises)
• Improving the Coordination between Planners and Emergency Managers
• Quality of Hazard Mitigation Plans (increased land use measures, climate change adaptation)
• Scenario-Based Planning (robust and contingent strategies)
• Furthering the Integration of Hazard Mitigation, Disaster Recovery and Climate Change Adaptation
Role of States in Disaster Recovery Video
• Focus on Governors and State Agency Officials in NC and MS following Hurricanes
Floyd and Katrina
• Purpose: Improve understanding of the roles that states play in disaster recovery;
Develop training and educational materials for Governors and state
officials/university degree and certificate programs
• https://vimeo.com/158634265