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µBITS µBITS Micro Blind Interactive Touch Screen Chris Page Peter Gimeno Christina Williams Greg Weatherford Christopher Howard µBITS Purpose To give the blind the capability to interface with a computer and the internet. To create a pin bed that can display scrolling, Braille characters, ASCII characters, a few Japanese characters and simple monochromatic images. To create a pin bed that is compact and more portable than current Braille books. With a flexible I/O interface capable of USB and PS/2 µBITS Presentation Overview Requirements and Standards Block Diagram Digital Design Process Software Analog Design Process Interface between D/A Schedule/Division of labor Cost Questions, Comments? µBITS Product Overview A three dimensional display board. Designed for use by the blind. Capable outputting multiple character sets Flexible I/O interface Integrated Keyboard Support (USB or PS/2) Software designed to support up to a 320x240x8 pin display. Compact µBITS Initial Requirements – Environmental Standards Operation at standard room temperatures. Safe for end user operation. Compliant with FCC standards. Safe for pacemaker users. µBITS Initial Requirements Performance Standards CPU Capable of image/video decoding. 512Kb of frame backing/character lookup memory. (Was 2Mb) 3Mb of CPU memory. (Was 4Mb) µBITS Initial Requirements – Interface Standards P/S 2 keyboard input Pin Grid Output 2 General purpose I/O inputs Capable of supporting USB, IDE, Digital Cameras, serial, and many other popular input methods. µBITS Block Diagram Future I/O Expansion P/S 2 Input Memory 512Kb SRAM Frame Buffer and Character Lookup Table Memory 3Mb SRAM FPGA Display Driver I/O Controller Analog Display Driver Pin Grid Processor CY7C67200 50 MHz GCC programmable Future Expansion Power supply DC –DC converters µBITS Nesting Diagram CPU Board (CIB) Digital Power Supply FPGA Board (PGGU) PGGU VRAM Board (VRAM) Pin Grid Driver Board (PGD) Analog Power Supply µBITS µBITS Board Features IDE/GPIO interface Direct RAM communication with FPGA Serial Debug Interface LED Status Indicators Overcurrent and Undervoltage CPU Protection HSSI 2 independent USB data and power busses Prominent Reset Button µBITS Design Demo µBITS Digital Progress Determined Specification Details Part selection Schematic Capture Schematic Review Layout Board Manufacturing Board Electrical Test Board Population Board Operational Testing Software µBITS Proposed Software Diagram CPU FPGA HDL Encoder SRAM Receiver SRAM Driver Image Processing Font LUT Decoder VRAM Driver USB Driver USB Driver (serial) (HID) PS/2 Driver Braille LUT Data USB HID Device (Keyboard) (computer) SRAM PS/2 Keyboard Display Driver Display µBITS SRAM Timing Diagram QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. µBITS PS/2 Timing Diagram QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. µBITS PS/2 Receiver Flowchart µBITS VRAM Driver Flowchart QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. µBITS SRAM/FPGA Data Transfer 128 addressable bytes Byte 0 is command byte Byte 127 is status byte Bytes 120-126 are pin grid display mode registers. Bytes 1-10 are Data bytes µBITS Current Digital Issues Communication Protocols HDL Way Behind Schedule NO PROJECT SOFTWARE HAS BEEN WRITTEN YET! Data Representation Group Communication µBITS Analog over view Progress Design Prototype Design Details Ideas that didn’t work Problems/solutions Current problems Future Goals µBITS Analog Progress Tested pin elevation techniques Designed three character Braille board Cut Braille board on Laser cutter in ITLL Chose and modified power supply for Braille board Designed schematic for Braille board Tested Design Begin building three character Braille board µBITS Failed Idea: High-Z DeMUX Decoder Outputs FPGA Decoder 1 Z Decoder 0 Z Z Requires a high refresh rate for even small designs Solenoids are limited to roughly a 30 Hz refresh rate For 100 pins, this would take over 3 seconds to refresh each pin Since the pin is only active for this brief refresh period, gravity does becomes an issue µBITS Promising Design: M&M (MUX Memory) More complex then Outputs Clock DEMUX FPGA Reset Pin Grid Memory Current Driver High-Z DeMUX design Memory will allow pins to remain elevated Eliminates possible problems with surrounding pins µBITS Analog Design (LPBB): Actual Pin Board Design Pin 6 - Capitalization Pins 2, 3, 4 – Full Character 0.200” 0.02” to 0.05” 0.20” Distance between each Braille module = 0.6” (From PDR) We are looking to modulize each 2x3 section. We did not modulize because we are dealing with a low amount of characters (only 2-3 char.) (From PDR) The pins will meet Braille specifications. We did not meet the Braille specifications but we accomplished to be off only be approx. 0.05” between characters. µBITS Analog Design : First Prototype Will be a 2x3 board. (one Braille character) Need to test board dimensions. Will use magnetic elevation (ME). Need to know wrapping to current ratio. Size of pins needed. Will use one of the pin addressing designs. Depends on if High Z MUX will perform as expected within a reasonable cost. Will not be connected to FPGA, will simulate FPGA output. µBITS Analog Design : Prototype Checklist Pin has to elevate to correct height. Record winding to current ration for correct height. Pin has to stay elevated at correct height for specific amount of time. Touching our display will not cause harm to the person. Measured operating characteristics of each solenoid Up to 12V 0.3 to 1 Amp 30 Hz or less µBITS Analog Design : Current Design Can display 5 Braille characters Uses magnetic elevation (ME) Due to the size of the solenoids, a multi level design was used Uses Direct Pin Addressing Has yet to be connected to the FPGA Can still be operated manually µBITS Analog Schematic For the 3 character Braille board µBITS Analog Components For the 3 character Braille board Power supply, can supply up to 20 A @ 5V Voltage Regulator 560 1/4 Watt resistor 1.1K 1/4 Watt resistor 2N3055 Power transistor 2N2222A NPN transistor 600mA @6V DC continuously 18 Solenoid actuators. 10 ohms, .3A @2.3V continuously Plastic board to hold the assembly, 4 layers. 2 of 0.13” bolts to hold assembly together. 10 of 0.13” nuts to hold the levels in place on the assembly 18 of 0.025” sewing pins with flat tops. 18 1K 1/8 watt resistors to current limit the FPGA µBITS Voltage regulator, Single pin for the 3 Character Braille board µBITS Analog Design : Issues that have been Addressed Layout Board Record list of manufactures and stores needed. Solenoids will be purchased rather then made Begin tests of layout board Looked specifically at: Pin addressing Pin Board Layouts / Designs People contacted for input or design issues Lucy Pao – CU Gagandeep Lamba – CU µBITS Analog Design : Issues to be Addressed Programming the FPGA Learning Verilog and programming a PS/2 interface Building the ‘Blow Out’ Circuitry between the FPGA and the Pin Board Safety precaution to prevent damage to FPGA I/O ports Practical 3D designs µBITS Analog Ideas that didn’t work Using a capacitor to make the actuator have more current for the first ms. The time period is too long, the cap would have needed to be too big. Magnetic pin elevation Memory Metal pin elevation Bimetallic pin elevation Bobbin and drill for wrapping coils. µBITS Analog Problems/ Solutions Problems Solutions The actuators would move around inside the plastic sheet so much that they would become un-square and the pin wouldn’t come out. Cut the board out of a thick sheet of plastic to hold the actuators in place. The Pins on the actuators don’t always come up without help from the user Build the 3 character Braille only board so that the pins can never fall more than 10% out side of the actuator. How do we keep the magnetic pins from interfering. Use an actuator solenoid A 1watt resistor for each actuator takes up to much space Design a Voltage regulator to lower the voltage one final time. It is difficult and time consuming to uniformly Purchase Actuator solenoids. wrap 400 turns of 36 Gauge wire in less than 0.16” diameter µBITS Future Goals Interface three character Braille board to the Ps/2 keyboard Test three more possible methods of 3-D pin elevation Magnetic pins with Aluminum collars Linear motors Drop pins through coils. Choose elevation method then design 100 pin board. Purchase parts for 100 pin board Build 100 pin board Interface 100 pin board to CPU board µBITS Analog Design : Next Steps (Prototype and Beyond) Layout Board Record list of manufactures and stores needed. Wrapping solinoids. Begin tests of layout board Looking specificly at: Lisa Pao - CU NIST Researchs of Tactile Board Scrolling Pin addressing Current Contacts to work with us - µBITS Interface between Digital and Analog Progress Ideas Future Goals µBITS Interface progress Tested Mux matrix idea (did not work) Learning Verilog to program firm ware for interface.(in progress) Come up with possible design µBITS Analog Design : Ideas for Implementation Pin Addressing High-Z MUX Decoder Not very compatible with our design Direct Pin Addressing µBITS Serial to Parallel conversion Accepts serial data from one I/O port on the FPGA which would then be used to send the correct voltage to multiple pins. We would still need many S to P chips to address all the pins in the 100 pin bed. µBITS Interface Future Goals Select components for S to P idea Build S to P prototype and test it. Assemble final S to P interface for 100 pin bed. µBITS Schedule and Division of labor µBITS Cost Estimate FPGA development board: $175 Computer PCB: $350 PCB components $300.00 Three character Braille pin bed $30.00 100 pin bed $200.00 Digital-Analog Components: $50 µBITS Questions, Comments?