Download A New N-Way Power Divider/Combiner Suitable for High

A NEW N-WAY
FWER
DIVIDER/COMBINER
SUITABLE
Ulrich
Stanford
Menlo
H.
APPLICATIONS
Gysel
Research
Park,
FOR HIGH-POWER
Institute
California
94025
Abstract
Theoretical
extension
and
of
the
loads,
permitting
at
output
the
the
new
experimental
N-way
results
combiner
by
high–power
ports.
design
(2)
loads,
A trial
are
presented
Wilkinson.
8-way
The
easily
on
main
realizable
combiner
with
a new
N-way
advantages
geometry,
st
loads
dividers/combiner
most
solid-state
most
widely
advantages
used
all
to
of
The
main
disadvantage
the
transistor
insertion
the
resistive
star
The
resistive
chip
star
because
output
of
resistors
the
combiner
adequate
to
heat
is
difficult
new
number
usually
employed
of
Wilkinson
that
old
design.
Its
100
the
at
the
has
and
been
the
for
watts
can
in
very
favorably
over
a center
with
the
New N-Way
its
Figure
2,
and
Closed
design
secthe
original
loads
have
that
minimum
yield
ports
new
1.
put
ports.
are
shown
for
an
1.15
Wilkinson
design
for
GHz to
results
and
of
Scheme
dance
Z
and
impedan$e
output
ports.
the
long
put
star
ment.
with
The
new
connected
with
what
load
ports
lines
of
floating
of
cslled
are
its
connected
characteristic
starpoint.
In
value
Z
to
one
of
the
=Z
o’
&etween
R.
of
the
in
VSWRS are
larly
at
is
analyzed
as
in
easy
either
the
in
shown
generalized
input
Z
‘&
new
that
with
somewhat
the
the
variable
was
is
Wilkinson
the
other
effects
dominant
lt
combiner
modified
the
optimized
range
VSWRS in
with
trans-
additional
Wilkinson
junction
be
connected
the
frequency
higher
compared
star
design
original
results
modified
includes
an
N
out-
a modified
The
as
the
combiner
the
and
values
and
8-way
a resistive
Over
to
an
indicated.
but
design
between
comparison,
also
the
port
for
the
for
parameter
result;
ports,
to
likely
obtain
isolation
circuit.
design
values
maximum
impedance
higher
passband
two
and
are
connector
factors,
particu-
frequencies.
load
Construction
N
divider.
The
power-handling
breakdown
the
N out-
heat-dissipation
port.
limiting
star
designs
shunt-
handling
lines
output
the
arrange-
and
of
of
handling
port
of
in
the
and
each
the
the
divider/combinerisrelatively
stripline,
slabline,
capability
voltage
of
under
is
the
capacity
factor
the
S-band
ability
of
are
The
of
the
new
kW at
The
must
To a limited
Z
with
tional
practice,
tie
a common
balanced
shunt-connected
116
coupler
degree
also
combiner
characteristics.
conditions,
the
Under
power
delivered
is
be
of
L-band
power
considered.
Al 1
impedance
the
latter
capable
10
realizable.
loads
by
or
microstrip
designs
powers
the
only
lines
and
But
CW output
microstrip.
lines.
stripline
CW conditions.
5 kW at
or
restricted
transmission
of
for
combined
transmission
means
trans-
network,2
combiner
because
of
by
combiner
Computer-aided
to
For
favorably
new
a re-
Transmission
associated
3.
uses
The
and
resistive
lines
connect
as
N output
compares
the
used
are
superior
impe-
quarter-
the
complicated
transmission
impedance
is
directly
replaces
of
resistors
Z
a physically
divider
a combination
characteristic
to
port
are
frequency
combiner
no
characteristic
input
lines
center
connected
leading
of
common
Wilkinson
was
ports,
the
shown
characteristic
lines
the
transmission
at
original
sistive
from
All
wavelength
In
N transmission
Z2 lead
is
are
combiner;
separated
VSWRS at
20% bandwidth.
clearly
compare
combiners.
of
loads
the
divider
exist.
Wilkinson
combiner
in
imbalances
be
Figure
8-way
element
schematic
the
power-handling
optimum
not
well
Wilkinson
divider/combiner
line
Thus
possible.
high-power
the
port
easily
Theoretical
in
8-way
divider/combiner
A transmission
the
for
to
as
line
Divider/Combiner
is
do
techniques
mission
previous
length
convenient
and
ultimate
four
solutions
for
of
is
are
of
of
its
It
modes.
parameters
capability
measured
factor
purposes,
which
odd
the
the
values
voltage
arbitrary
R.
elements
equivalent
insignificant,
The
verified
a transmission
R of
value
other
determines
design
of
between
frequency
and
by
Therefore,
breakdown
lines
realizable
A trial
of
utilized.
the
in
not
of
easily
but
rather
of
is
isolation
replaced
external
power-limiting
even
combiner
the
be
combiner.
Figure
imbalances
GHz fully
,the
following
N-way
be
a load
the
terms
that
CW,
difficulties
(2)
monitoring
design,
the
external
resistors),
with
new
most
(1)
ports.
built
verify
for
1.15
an
isolation
capability.
output
resistors
the
advantages
are
(3)
output
of
overcomes
load
in
extension
main
design
geometry,
described
an
by
(high-power
capability
of
is
external
a
realize
of
in
R = Zo,
For
is
capability
than
sinking
combiner
represents
Wilkinson
(1)
impedance
longer
moderate.
to
a large
less
is
R can
become
mission
condi-
combiner
value
loads
output
The
which
are
frequency
characteristic
select
loads
high
which
power-handling
to
possible.
tions
design
monitoring
terminated
the
Its
(2)
matched
ports,
is
for
(3)
Wilkinson
required
limit
Wilkinson
and
bandwidth,
the
several
power
amplifiers.
ports,
of
particularly
ports.
(3)
a center
of
and
appli-
The N-way
the device
loss,
useful
of
of
high
1 is
Wilkinson
low
number
output
realize
(1)
The
numerous
amplifiers.
by
output
in
the
to
combine
ports.
function
practice,
and
are
between
at
order
devised
used
combine
in
oscillators
main
the
to
devices
divider/combiner
tions
are
recently
semiconductor
isolation
dividerlcombiner,
new
concept.
line
cations,
the
and
20% bandwidth
Introduction
N-way
power
of
offers
direc-
perfectly
to
the
N
terminations
R is
incident
only
dissipated
8-way
the
in
i,
any
for
can
be
i
and
dB
any
to
only
at
a combiner,
to
monitor
the
or
if
unequal
to
the
the
are
1.25
dB
and
i
any
other
port
i.
17.5
dB
in
operates
as
new
the
a divider,
active
approach
can
and
adjust
or
and
negligible
the
Wilkinson
0.1
dB for
its
utilized,
a small
and
increase
in
combiner
new
in
power-
insertion
iso--
possibility
the
to
combined
combiner
circuit
0.12
transmission-line
can
be
complexity
loss
(calculated
identical
com-
advantages
high-pOwer
of
The
for
major
the
imbalance
increase
power
high
external
oscillators.
with
The
primarily
the
a new
attractive
devices.
are
be
for
very
because
loads
realized
presented
seems
capability,
amplifiers
case
VSWRS.
Experimental
of
monitor
feature
the
high-power
lation
port
imbalances
ports
been
that
bining
handling
exhibits
This
have
divider/combiner
to
load
monitor
Results
an
between
port
output
device
load
For
loadport
output
to
mostly
10sses
input
to
advantageously
is
resistor.
port
respect
delivered
of
other
(1/8)
with
i,
insertiOn
Therefore,
incident
power
say
Conclusions
Power
midband).
load
variOus
loadport.
utilized
the
at
port,
associated
directivity
power
(zero
output
the
9.03
other
16.25
in
its
port
loadport
to
one
combiner,
output
equal
at
over
that
of
dB versus
losses).
Results
References
AU 8-way
with
a center
bandwidth
shown
1/16
dielectric
in
printed
on
results
for
6.
The
values
some
two
of
are
closer
to
gives
measurement
input
or
should
that
calculated
results
output
ports
2.
Z1
input
power
and
load
5 and
J.J.
Taub
pp.
Hvbrid
TheOrY
116-118
Power
and
(January
Divider,
“
Techniques>
1960).
and
Power
~eory
and
(March
1964).
B.
-,
Fitzgerald-
Dividers,
IEEE
“
Techniques,
Vol.
“A NOte
Trans.
MTT-12,
On N-wav
on Microwave
PP.
260-261
-
of
VSWR to
maximum).
the
MTT-8,
N-Way
Microwave
measured
refinement
the
on
VO1.
Hybrid
are
Figures
and
(1.1
for
line
Measured
in
further
reduce
strip-
“An
Wilkinson,
Trans.
a relative
lines
boards.
calculated
in
E.J.
IRE
is
input
other
presented
However,
1.
a nominal
with
The
All
tested
divider
board
= 2.22.
between
details
the
constructed
circuit
divider
value
is
form.
excellent.
design
er
and
MHz and
of
model
separate
the
1150
built,
circuit
coaxial
agreement
is
between
The
Duroid
constant
realized
of
4.
inch
designed,
A photograph
20%.
Figure
on
was
frequency
of
in
line
is
divider
Figure
a
6
transfer
N-1
OUTPUT
PORTS
ports.
Ve-vo
N-1
LOADPORTS
h
-
~
—
——
.E
R
—
N-1
&
R
‘o
NZO
=
24
IG
N-1
N-1
——
%
INPUT
PORT
INPUT
=1
WI
24
%
=
Vet (N-l)V0N-LOAO
FORTS
N-OUTPUT
PORTS
FIGURE
R
%
=
1
HIGH-FCIWER
(all
N-WAY DIVIDER/COMBINER
transmission
wavelength
long
lines
at
are
Y
LOADPORT
=
OUTPWPORT
FIGURR
a quarter-
midband)
117
2
EQUIVALENT
FOUR-PORT
FOR THE N-WAY COMBINIER
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THEORETI CAL PERFORJWANCE OF THREE
DIFFERENT
FIGURE
4
FOWER DIVIDERS
PHOTOGRAPH OF EXPERIMENTAL
8-WAY
COMEINER
1.15
(center
frequency
DIVIDER/
GHz,
20% bandwidth)
S4
I
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40
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THEORETICAL
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FOR IDEAL COMSINER
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FREfJUENCY
FIGURE
5
MEASURED VSWRS,
FOR EXPERIMENTAL
INSERTION
LOSS,
AND ISOIATION
FIGURE
K)WER DIVIDER
118
6
125G
MSASURED LOAD-FORT
ATTENUATIONS
EXPERIMENTAL
DIVIDER
FINER
1250
— GHz
FOR