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Chapter 16 Lecture Outline Plant Names and Classification Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Outline Introduction Binomial System of Nomenclature • The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Domain & Kingdom Concept Classification of Major Groups The Species Concept Classification of Major Groups 3 domains: • Bacteria, • Archaea, • Eukarya Domains broken up into Kingdoms • Eukarya 1. Protista 2. Fungi 3. Plantae 4. Animalia • Kingdoms broken up into Phyla PLANT PHYLA For the Plant Kingdom: There are approximately 12 Phyla Phylum Bryophyta Phylum Coniferophyta Phylum Polypodiophyta Phylum ??? = Angiosperms The Domain & Kingdom Concept TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION– grouping of similar organisms into groups MEMORY AID • Domain Do • Kingdom Keep • Phylum Philip’s • Class Clothes • Order On • Family For • Genus Goodness • Species Sakes Binomial System of Nomenclature Binomial System of Nomenclature • All species given a unique two word name representing the GENUS and SPECIES names. – Spearmint: Mentha spicata L. A page from Species Plantarum by Linnaeus Classification of Major Groups Example: onion Domain Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Angiosperm Class: Monocot Genus: Species: Allium Allium cepa L. Allium Flavum Allium Schoenoprasum Example: California Rose Domain Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Angiosperm Class: Order: Family: Eudicot Rosales Rosaceae Geum macrophyllum Spiraea douglassii Genus: Species: Rosa Rosa californica Rosa Gymnocarpa Rosa Woodsii Class: Order: Family: Moncot Liliales Liliaceae • COMMON NAMES: Unreliable Examples – Dicentra cucullaria - Many common names: Dutchman’s breeches, little-boy’s breeches, monkshood, boys-and-girls, soldier’s cap, white hearts,…, plus others in different languages – Monkshood is common name for Dicentra cucullaria and for Aconitum species, which is in a different family. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Book that standardizes rules governing the naming and classification of plants • Two steps for a new plant species: – Latin description of plant must be published in a journal or other public publication. – Author must designate type specimen that is deposited in a herbarium. The Species Concept Morphological species concept - A species is defined by morphology. Interbreeding species concept - A species is a population capable of interbreeding and is reproductively isolated from other groups. Ecological species concept - A species is a group of related individuals that occupy a unique ecological niche.