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KEY QUESTIONS Key Question: Social Why did the atrocities at Abu Ghraib Occur? Cognitive How can knowledge of working memory (WMM) be used to help those with dyslexia? Biological What are the implications for society if aggression is found to be caused by nature not nurture? Learning Is the influence of role models and celebrities something that causes anorexia? Describe your key question (A01) Describe knowledge of Abu Ghraib and what happened there Why did the atrocities occur (news articles) – extract intelligence. Evidence that it is not an isolated incident? What is Dyslexia? Statistics Impact on education? Describe it in relation to terrorism. Media portrayal of acts of terror being due to nature. Use statistics of terrorism and define nature and nurture Describe stats on celebrities and role models – how does the media portray them? Obedience to authority: Milgram Agency Theory Social Impact theory WMM - Apply theory to help explain dyslexia Responsibility/blame, Role of punishment, Aggression as an illness, Ability to predict aggressive people and prevent it Identification (Bandura/Becker) Vicarious reinforcement (Bandura) Explain your key question (A02) Prejudice: Realistic conflict theory Sherif Advice given to teachers and parents to aid learning based on knowledge of memory? And short term memory (STM) knowledge from multi – store model Evolution Brain Structure Hormones Describe stats on Anorexia Clinical How do attitudes towards mental health and definitions of mental illness differ across cultures? * provide stats regarding laws in different countries. * what is happening in the UK with mental health? * what is happening in other parts of the world? *stigma? Child What issues should parents take into account when deciding about day care for their child? Scientific Model vs Spiritual Model Length of time (EPPE) and age in day care (Li et al) Quality of day care (Li et al) Alleviating separation anxiety by planning carefully (Robertson & Robertson) How experiences of Schizophrenia differ? How definitions of culture bond illnesses differ - provide statistics on the use of day care - different type, cost, quality that affect a child’s development which effects society Discuss your key question (A01 – psychological knowledge, A02 – applying knowledge in an argument using evidence/theory) Agency theory – blind obedience Social impact theory – Strength of source, Immediacy of source and number Social identity group – categorisation, identification and comparison Realistic conflict theory –at war, limited resource (intelligence), US soldiers may have felt threat of terrorism Assess/Evaluate/To Support what extent does Milgram’s your key question research into inform us about obedience can society? help us What can be done to support those with Dyslexia based on the WMM and STM? Classroom interventions (reduce memory load) – how do they work in regards to WMM and/or STM can they help – Yes? No? Computer interventions NNN-back)? how do they work in regards to WMM and/or STM can they help? Yes? No? Support – Baddeley/Holmes WMM – class room interventions DSM (it is universal vs is it nor universal) Good P- predict behaviour E- Brain scanning for structural differences Bad P- Aggression would be an illness E – Hormone imbalance Yes – Identification and vicarious reinforcement No – Biological – worry loop (OCD) No: Scientific Model Universal DSM Outcomes of Biological Treatments are successful Yes: Spiritual Model P- Cannot blame the individual E – evolved trait (Li, EPPE, NICHD) Type – positive and negatives Quality – positives and negatives Age – positives and negatives Hours/days - positive and negative Understanding of Culture Bond Experiences of Schizophrenia Positives and negatives of the implications – P- predict behaviour Yes – Identification and vicarious reinforcement Yes: Luhrmann Kulhara et al. (2009) P- Issue parents should take into account E – Evidence C- whether it is a benefit or not (A01 – psychological knowledge, A03 – evaluating knowledge) understand why these atrocities keep happening (can we prevent – training in the army) Implications? Refute – Telephone variation (obedience levels dropped) Abu Ghraib – authority figures were not always present however they still abused prisoners Support Dunning (2012) or Holmes Computerised training e.g. Nback Evidence to support improvements Support – Sherif Robber’s cave Competition, conflict and threat can lead to prejudice and discrimination between groups Refute - Are the situations comparable? Although the study has high Refute – Long term effects unknown (Holmes) Refute – Meaningful improvements? Are the changes applicable to other areas of learning/abilities (real world learning) or just numbers and the specific task e.g. N-back. (Klingberg, 2010) Conclusion: E- Brain scanning for structural differences C – Prevent it P- Aggression would be an illness E – Hormone imbalance C– P- Cannot blame the individual E – evolved trait CConclusion: Comment – impact on society…. Lavarenne et al. (2013) No – Biological – worry loop (OCD) Comment: Impact on society No: Lee Lin DMS and Culture Interviews Conclusion: Conclusion: Globalisation of psychiatry BPS Explain – what does it suggest about childcare practice? Conclusion: Most important ….. ecological validity can we argue that external validity is still low? Is it appropriate to apply results from a study using 11-12 year old boys to adult soldiers in a prison in a war zone? Conclusion: