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Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries (MAFF), Cambodia MAFF General Directorate of Agriculture (GDA) GDA ASIA RICE CROP WORKSHOP Bali, Indonesia 21-22/10/13 Pech ROMNEA, Deputy Director, Rice Crop Department, GDA, MAFF, Cambodia. Mobile Phone: (+855) 12 81 99 94 E-mail: [email protected] About GDA • General Directorate of Agriculture, Cambodia – founded in late 2008 with a purpose of ensuring food security to the people; manage and quality control and safety use of agricultural products; promote the agricultural productivity through agricultural diversification; involve in poverty reduction through increase farm incomes and ensure marketing of products. • Main objectives of the GDA are: analytical support for decision-making of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries, which related to food security and food fro safety. Research & development and extension to ensure food security, promote standard of living and promotion crop production and export, Provide extensive and effectiveness of extension services to the farmers and stakeholders, Organize and develop the Agricultural Farm Cooperative, Development of law and regulation which related to sanitation and phytosanitation; to manage the use of chemical matters, bio – agents and quality control and testing of agricultural inputs and products, Collaboration with foreign and international research institutes within the region and global Country Profile Fact Territory: 181,035 sq.km Population: 14.31 mn, of which 78% - in rural area GDP : $ 33.6 bn (2012) Agriculture: 34.7%, Crop occupies 54.8% , Livestock & Poultry occupies 14.1%, Fisheries, Forestry & Logging occupies 25.4 % and 5 % respectively. Industry: 24.3 % Service: 41.0 % (2012 est.) GDP growth: 7.3% (2012) GDP per capita: PPP $2,490 (2012) Norminal ~ 1,150 (2012) Unemployment: 3.5% Inflation (CPI): 4.1% FDI inflow: $891.7 mn Global competitiveness index: 95/140 Ease of Doing Business Rank: 138th Data Source: MoP, MoEF, 2012 GDA Climate and Season Climate: Hot and wet April is hottest December is coolest Temperature: Max: 32.10C Mean: 27.8 0C Min: 23.50C Seasons Dry season: Nov-Apr Wet season : May-Oct 1,458mm of rainfall per year (May to October) Annual relative humidity: 60-80% Day length : 11h-13h December : shortest June: longest Data Source: MAFF, 2012 GDA Soil Fertility in Cambodia GDA High Fertile Soil Water Body Low Fertile Soil Medium Fertile Data source: CARDI/MAFF, Land Use GDA Agriculture 24% Forest covered 56% Grass land 6% Shrub land 10% Soil-Rock 0.2% Urban Built Up 0.1% Water Body Data source: MAFF, 2012 3% Agriculture in Cambodia Fact Gross value added for agri (bn US$):2.1 (2012) Labour force: 8.8 mn (2012) Labor force by occupation: GDA Planting acreage 2012 (ths.ha) Permance Rubber plant, crops, 194 281 57.6% population engaged in agriculture 15.9 % engaged in industry 26.5% engaged in services (2011) Cash crops and Industrial crops, 913 2012 record grain (rice) harvests of 9.98 mn tons 2012 mill rice exports : 205,717 tons 2012 record grain (maize, cassava, beans) harvests of 10.85 mn tons Rice, 2,980 Yield in 2012, tons per ha Land 4.395 mn ha – agricultural land 2.98 mn ha – rice cultivate land 0.913 mn ha - Cash + Industrial crops land 0.194 mn ha – Permanence crops land 0.281 mn ha – Rubber plant Average agri unit own or rent 2.2 ha (own 92% , rented – in 8%) Bean 2 Cassava 20 Maize 4.5 Rice 3.1 0 Source of date: MEF, MoP, MAFF, 2012 5 10 15 20 25 Diversified Vegetation Tonle Sap Region Rice, maize Cassava Sugarcane, Jute Fruits, Livestock Costal Region Fruits, Livestock, Rice, cassava Green bean, Black pepper, Sesame GDA Mountainous Region Rubber plant, coffee, Black pepper, fruits Livestock (beef & diary) Vegetable & flowers Soybean, Peanut Sesame Mekong Plain Region Rice, maize, soybean Livestock (pork, poultry) Sesame, peanut Vegetable & fruits Paddy Land Distribution GDA Rainfed lowland: 68% Deep water/ floating:3% Irrigated/dry season: 27 % Upland rice: 2% Data source: MAFF, 2012 Paddy Rice distribute by Types Source: MAFF, 2012 GDA Typical Farming System GDA 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 th/tons 9.3M/T 10000 9000 8000 7000 Surplus 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2008 2009 Total Production 2010 paddy surplus 2011 Rice surplus 2012 Data source: MAFF, 2012 Rice Production Status for Last 5 years (2008-12) GDA 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2012/2011 Cultivated Areas(Ha) 2,615,741 2,719,080 2,795,892 2,968,529 3,007,454 1.11% Harvested Areas (Ha) 2,613,363 2,674,603 2,777,323 2,766,617 2,980,297 7.50% 2.746 2.836 2.970 3.173 3.117 -1.54% 7,175,473 7,585,870 8,249,452 8,779,365 9,290,940 5.84% Descriptions Yield (T/Ha) Production (MT) How to collect rice related statistics in Cambodia GDA • Two systems of rice statistics collection – Area planting, harvesting / crop damages: Reporting system from District Provincial National Level – Crop Cutting Survey (Sampling techniques): Crop yield • This System is under responsible of Department of Planning & Statistics/MAFF GDA Is there any rice production forecasting (estimation) system • Cambodia has not yet set up the system to forecast the rice crop production, but the RGC has set up the policy on Promotion Paddy Production and Export (2009 -15), Cambodia can export ONE million tons of rice to the world markets in year 2015. • Based on Long / Medium term Strategic Plan for Agricultural Development. Do you use any satellite data for monitoring rice GDA • Cambodia has not fully use of satellite data for monitoring rice crop. But in early 2013, government of Switzerland incorporated with IRRI has initiated the pilot project, called: Remote Sensing – Based Information and Insurance for Crops in Emerging Economies (RIICE) within CARDI (Cambodia Agricultural Research & Development Institute); is to reduce vulnerability of small-holder farmers engaged in rice production. • RIICE project make use of remote sensing technology, based on satellite data provided mainly by the European Space Agency. Government Policy: “Rectangular Strategy” GDA 1 Further Rehabilitation and Construction of Physical Infrastructure 2 Good Governance Private Sector Development and Employment Enhancement of Agriculture Sector 3 Capacity Building and Human Resource Development 4 19 Rectangular Strategy GDA 1 Enhancement of Agriculture Sector 1. Improving agricultural productivity and diversification 2. Land reform and mine clearance 3. Fisheries reform 4. Forestry reform 20 Government Policy: “Promotion of paddy production and export” • MAFF Policy Direction To ensure enough & safe food availability for all people, reduce poverty, increase GDP per capita and sustainable natural resource management & conservation. “To ensure food security, increase incomes, create employment and improve nutrition status for all people by improving the productivity and diversification and commercialization of agriculture with environmentally sound protection and food safety”. Policy Paper on “the Promotion of Paddy Production and Rice Export” was promulgated on 17th August 2010 by RGC and all concerned stakeholders to develop “Action Program” for efficient and effective implementation. In this regard, the RGC has set the year 2015 as the target year to achieve paddy surplus of more than 4 million tons and achieve rice export of at least 1 mn tons. GDA Key Challenges / Issues GDA • Poor infrastructure for productions, processing and marketing • Low level of Post – harvest Technology and Marketing accessibility • Insufficient Institutes Capacity • Irrigation Systems (up to 1.2 mn ha can access to water) • Natural disasters (Floods and Droughts…), Climate Change • Lack of Investment Finances, • High cost of power (electricity ), • High cost of inputs prices (mostly imported) Thanks for your kind attention