Download The Nervous System

The Excretory System
For this section, please read following pages out of the two
different textbooks… the Science Focus 8 Textbook Pages 146 149, The Science in Action 8 Textbook Pages 141 – 145 . Use
these two sources to help you answer the following questions.
1.
Total out of
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Use the paragraph at the top of page 141 in the Science in Action 8 Textbook to fill in the blanks
below.
The body _____________________ a number of different types of _________________. These
___________________ are ___________________, and , if not _______________________ from
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the body, can cause you serious _________________. The job of waste removal, (also known as)
_______________________, is done by the ________________________ system. The interesting
thing about the ________________________ system is that it involves _____________________
from other systems. So different ____________________ systems interact to get rid of
_________________.
2.
On page 151 of the Science Focus 8 Textbook, it mentions that getting food and oxygen is only
half of the equation for good health. What is the other half? Also, what are the key organs in
“the other half”?
3.
a) If you have read through the pages in the Science in Action 8 Textbook, it talked about waste
products produced by your cells. When your cells break down proteins, they form a very toxic
compound called?
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________________________________
b) Which organ (that also plays a role in the digestive system) helps in dealing with the toxic by
product mentioned in the previous question?
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________________________________
a) What is the name of the less harmful substance that it is converted into?
________________________________
b) Where is the less harmful substance released into?
________________________________
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4.
Use the paragraph on page142 if the Science in Action 8 Textbook to help you fill in the blanks
below.
The _______________________ are about 10 cm long. They are the main __________________
of ________________________; they act as ________________________ to the blood, straining
out unwanted __________________, _________________, and other ____________________,
and they produce _______________________. Every drop of your blood is __________________
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about ___________ times per day by the ___________________. Even though about _________
of blood pass through the _________________ each day, you produce only about ___________
of _________________. The amount of __________________ you produce also depends on how
much water you drink. The ____________________ keep the proper amount of _____________
in your blood. If there is too ___________ water, they ______________ lots of water and so they
produce a lot of ____________________.
5.
Below is a diagram of the kidney, as well as the specialized filtering device contained within the
kidney. Please label the diagram below.
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6.
Using the Science in Action 8 Textbook as a guide. Briefly describe how urine is formed starting
with the blood and where it travels to. Be sure to include the name of the key “units” involved in
filtering the blood in your answer.
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7.
Using the Science in Action 8 textbook as a guide. Please fill in the blanks below regarding the
rest of your excretory system.
__________________ are long _________________ that connect the ________________ to the
__________________. The _________________ is a sac covered in _________________ tissue.
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As the _________________ enters the ____________________, the ________________ expands.
The bladder can store about _______ of _________________. When it is full, the bladder
muscles ________________ and push the _______________ out through the _______________.
8.
Please label the diagram below out lining the organs and tissue involved in the removal of urine
from the body.
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9.
a) One last tissue that aids in the removal of salt from your blood stream is?
_____________________________
b) You skin contains thousands of these just below the surface?
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_____________________________
c) In addition to keeping you cool when you are overheating, what else do the “items” in the
previous question help you do?
_______________________________________________________________________
The Nervous System
For this section, please read following pages out of the two
different textbooks… the Science Focus 8 Textbook Pages 151 153, The Science in Action 8 Textbook Pages 146 – 151. Use these
two sources to help you answer the following questions.
1.
Total out of
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To the left is a diagram representing the nerves that
travel thorough our body. What two parts of the
human body make up the Central Nervous System?
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1 ____________________________________
2 ____________________________________
2.
In the space below, draw a nerve cell and label the 4 main parts of the cell. On the diagram,
please indicate which way the nerve impulse moves through the cell by adding a clearly labeled
arrow below your drawing. Also, where do you think the “terminal branch” would be located?
3.
While drawing your nerve cell above, you should have noticed something unique about the shape
of the cell (in that the cell is not the basic round shape). Please describe the shape of the cell in
one word, and then explain why nerve cells have this specific shape.
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One word description of the shape - _________________________________
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Why does it have that shape
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4.
To the right is a diagram of a “reflex arc”. Please
explain in three simple steps, what is happening in the
diagram. Be sure to use the proper terminology in
your explanation. Also, please label the 4 different
structures within the diagram
STEP 1
STEP 2
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STEP 3
STEP 4
STEP 5
5.
What is the point of having a “reflex arch”… why isn’t the brain involved in a reflex movement?
6.
Fill in the blanks below using the following terms AUTONOMIC, SOMATIC, MOTOR, SENSORY,
VOLUNTARY, UNCONSCIOUSLY, and PERIPHERAL x 2
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The nerves within the ____________________________ nervous system can be divided into
two different categories. The ______________________________ nerves receive stimuli for
the environment and carry that message to the brain. The __________________________
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nerves carry signals from the brain to the different tissues within the body. The
_________________________ nervous systems can be broken up into two systems again. The
___________________________ nervous system controls body functions that are
_____________________________ manipulated by the brain such as heart beat or pupil size.
The _______________________ nervous system gives you ________________________ control
over your movements and muscle groups.
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7.
Based on what you have read and learned… match the following parts of the Nervous System on
the left to the correct description on the right.
Axon ________
Dendrites ________
A This is the set of nerves that deliver nerve
impulses to parts of the body sub-consciously
(without you actually thinking about it). They
control things like breathing and your heart
beating.
B The Brain and Spinal Cord make up this part of
the nervous system.
Cell Body ________
Autonomic Nervous System _______
Somatic Nervous System ________
C The neurons that carry messages from the spinal
cord to the muscles to invoke a movement or
response are called…
D This is the part of the neuron that contains the
nucleus and is where all of the metabolic
processes for the cell occur.
E
This is the long part of the neuron that carries
the message over a distance… it makes up
ground when transmitting a never impulse.
F
These are the neurons that pick up a stimulus
and transport that message to the spinal cord.
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Motor Nerves ________
Sensory Nerves ________
G This includes all of the neurons and nerves that
you control with your mind. When you “think”
it, these nerves cause that action to occur.
Central Nervous System ________
H All of the neurons outside of the Brain and the
Spinal Cord make up this part of the nervous
system.
Peripheral Nervous System ________
I
This is the part of the neuron that picks up a
nerve impulse or stimulus. It receives the
message and then passes it on to the Axon.