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LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL HEALTH & SCIENCES
JAMSHORO
INSTITUTE OF BIO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
BS IN BIO-MEDICAL Engineering (5th Term 3rd Year) _________ Batch
LAB. EXPERIMENT # 01
Name: __________________________________
Score: _____________
Roll No. _____________
Signature of Teacher: __________________ Date:___________
Objective :
INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO (Ardunio AtMega 2560) and AVR Microcontroller.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
Arduino Board and its software, Computer/laptop, Hardwires, Bread board
Basic Concept about AVR Micro Controller
The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single
chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one
of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program
storage, as opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM,
or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at the time (source Wikipedia)
Device overview
The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture machine where program and data
are stored in separate physical memory systems that appear in different
address spaces, but having the ability to read data items from program
memory using special instructions.
Basic families
 Tiny AVR
 Mega AVR
 XMEGA
 Application-specific AVR
 FPSLIC (AVR with FPGA)
 32-bit AVRs
Varies according to Size, processing and specification
MCU speed
The AVR line can normally support clock speeds from 0 to 20 MHz, with some
devices reaching 32 MHz. Lower powered operation usually requires a reduced
clock speed. All recent (Tiny, Mega, and Xmega, but not 90S) AVRs feature an
on-chip oscillator, removing the need for external clocks or resonator circuitry.
Some AVRs also have a system clock prescaler that can divide down the system
clock by up to 1024. This prescaler can be reconfigured by software during runtime, allowing the clock speed to be optimized.
AVR Architecture
AVR Pin Diagram
What is Arduino?
Arduino is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of the physical
world than your desktop computer. It's an open-source physical computing platform based
on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for
the board.
Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches
or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino
projects can be stand-alone, or they can communicate with software running on your
computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP.) The boards can be assembled by hand or
purchased preassembled; the open-source IDE can be downloaded for free.
The Arduino programming language is an implementation of Wiring, a similar physical
computing platform, which is based on the Processing multimedia programming
environment.
About Arduino Software
The open-source Arduino environment makes it easy to write code and upload it to the I/O
board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and
based on Processing, avr-gcc, and other open source software.
Software Screen Shot
.
Hardware:
The processing unit on the Arduino is the ATmega328 microcontroller integrated circuit. It
uses input and output ports/pins to communicate with the outside world. Some of the
microcontroller's inputs and outputs are connected to peripherals and other electronic
components on the board itself, and others are available for use as sensor inputs or output to
other devices. The microcontroller can be programmed using an open source programming
platform based on the C programming language and a \wiring" language that is very
easy to use.
Understanding Arduino Mega
The Arduino ADK is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has a USB host
interface to connect with Android based phones, based on the MAX3421e IC. It has 54
digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs,
4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack,
an ICSP header, and a reset button.
The ADK is based on the Mega 2560.
Summary
Microcontroller
Operating Voltage
Input Voltage (recommended)
Input Voltage (limits)
Digital I/O Pins
Analog Input Pins
DC Current per I/O Pin
DC Current for 3.3V Pin
Flash Memory
SRAM
EEPROM
Clock Speed
Pin Diagram
ATmega2560
5V
7-12V
6-20V
54 (of which 15 provide PWM output)
16
40 mA
50 mA
256 KB of which 8 KB used by bootloader
8 KB
4 KB
16 MHz
Question 1: What is a microcontroller? Write some famous microcontrollers ?
Question 2: Write the names of the founders of Arduino
Question 3: Define AVR Microcontroller and Define Arduino ?
Question 4: Write some applications that can be made through Arduino?
Question 5: Write some bio medical applications that’s can be made through Arduino ?