Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Chapter 5 Lesson 1 5-1 Note Guide The Big Picture What helped make the Fertile Crescent fertile? Two rivers make the Fertile Crescent fertile. The Tigris flows above and along the Euphrates River. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates is Mesopotamia. It is between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf. Was all of the area fertile? Explain your answer. Some of the Fertile Crescent is not fertile but desert or rocky mountains with little soil. Mountains to Sea Where do the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers begin? Both rivers begin in Turkey, up in the high snow-capped Taurus Mountains. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flow through a plateau. Where is the plateau located? The plateau in northern Iraq is the high flatland the Tigris and Euphrates flow over before reaching the lower land near the Persian Gulf. Flood! How did Mesopotamia’s floods benefit the farmers? Mesopotamia’s floods deposited silt for farming, mostly in southern Mesopotamia. How did floods bring misfortune to the region? Often floods came just as the crops reached maturity, BEFORE HARVESTING. The cost crops, lives and homes. Diagram (pg. 106) What technology did Mesopotamians develop to save water for use as needed? Mesopotamians built water-control and irrigation systems. They used irrigation canals and artificial lakes with gates to hold and release water. They took water from the Tigris and Euphrates to water the crops in the fields. What did the farming technologies the Mesopotamians developed enable them to do? They were able to plant and raise new crops. That created a surplus of goods to trade. People could specialize. Towns and cities grew, together with culture- a civilization! Farming in Ancient Mesopotamia How was the Mesopotamian diet enriched by what they grew? They grew wheat and barley grains. Vegetables included beans, onions, lettuce and cucumbers. Spices were grown. Trees produced dates, apples and pomegranates. How did the animals they raised enrich their diet and their clothing? Domesticated animals included sheep, goats and cattle. Sheep gave milk to drink and wool to wear. Cattle were used for milk and meat as food. The cows also provided leather. Reviewing 5-1 Why is Mesopotamia called by that name? In Greek, Mesopotamia means “Land Between Two Rivers.” What did the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers provide for Mesopotamia? The Tigris and Euphrates provided fresh water for people to domesticate, tame and train, plants and animals for human use. How were the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers alike and unlike the Nile? ~ Predictable floods ~Shadoufs ~Empties into the Mediterranean Sea ~Unpredictable floods ~Artificial lakes with gates ~Empties into the Persian Gulf Tigris & Euphrates Rivers Nile River ~Silt ~Allowed Ancient Civilizations ~Irrigation systems (canals) ~Flows high elevation to low ~Fertile farmlands – Surplus crops – specialization – Towns and cities grew How did Mesopotamian farmers control flood waters to make them useful for farming? Mesopotamian farmers dug canals between their farm fields. They dug artificial lakes and build gates to control the flow of the water for crops.