Download download

Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: J0324/Sistem e-Bisnis
: 2005
: 02/02
Pertemuan 10
Understanding Public B2B
Exchanges and Portals
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• menguraikan konsep dan aplikasi portal
pertukaran informasi B2B
2
Outline Materi
•
•
•
•
B2B Electronic Exchanges – An Overview
B2B Portals
Third Party (Trading) Exchanges
Consortium Trading Exchanges
3
B2B Portals
• B2B portals: Information portals for
businesses
• Pure information portals include:
– directories of products offered by each seller
– lists of buyers and what they want
– other industry or general information
4
B2B Portal Examples
• Thomas Register—information portal
– Sellers distribute information on what they
have to sell
– Buyers can find what they need and purchase
over a comprehensive and secure
procurement channel
• reduce costs
• shrink cycle times
• improve productivity
5
B2B Portal Examples
(cont.)
• Alibaba.com—started as a pure information
portal and is moving toward becoming a trading
exchange
– Huge database is a horizontal information portal with
offerings in a wide variety of product categories
– Reverse auctions
– Features–free email, email alerts, etc
– Revenue model—advertisement and fees for special
6
Third Party (Trading)
Exchanges
• Third-party exchanges are characterized
by two contradicting properties
– they are neutral, not favoring either sellers or
buyers
– they do not have a built-in constituency of
sellers or buyers and sometimes have a
problem attracting enough buyers and sellers
to attain financial viability
7
Third Party (Trading)
Exchanges (cont.)
• A major problem is:
Market liquidity: The degree to which
something can be bought or sold in a
marketplace without affecting its price
8
Third Party (Trading) Exchanges (cont.)
9
Third Party (Trading)
Exchanges (cont.)
• Buyer aggregation model
buyers’ RFQs are aggregated and then linked
to a pool of suppliers that are automatically
notified of the RFQs
• Suitability
– aggregation models work best with MROs and
services that are well defined, that have
stable prices, and where the supplier or buyer
base is fragmented
10
Third Party (Trading)
Exchanges (cont.)
11
Dynamic Trading:
Matching and Auctions
• Dynamic trading: Exchange trading that
occurs in situations when prices are being
determined by supply and demand (e.g., in
auctions)
• Matching
– supply and demand
– quantity, delivery times, and locations
12
Dynamic Trading:
Matching and Auctions (cont.)
• Auctions
– Exchanges offer members the ability to
conduct auctions or reverse auctions in
private trading rooms
• auction services as one of its many activities
• fully dedicated to auctions
– Many-to-many public auctions—vertical,
horizontal, run on the Internet or over private
lines
13
Building E-Marketplaces
• Building e-marketplaces is a complex
process
– usually performed by a major B2B software
company
•
•
•
•
Commerce One
Ariba
Oracle
IBM
14
Building E-Marketplaces (cont.)
• Integration issue
– Seamless integration is needed between the
third-party exchange and the participants’
front and back-office systems
– In private exchanges the seller’s computing
system must be integrated with the customers
systems
15
Building E-Marketplaces (cont.)
– External communications
•
•
•
•
Web/client access
Data exchange
Direct application integration
Shared procedures
– Process and information coordination in
integration
how to coordinate external communications
with internal information systems
16
Building E-Marketplaces (cont.)
– Use of Web services in integration
Web Services enable different Web-based
systems to communicate with each other
using Internet-based protocols such as
XML
– System and information management in
integration
management of software, hardware, and
several information components, including
partner-profile information, data and
process definitions, communications and
security settings, and users’ information
17
Support Services for Public
and Private Marketplaces
• Directory services and search engines
– Directory services help buyers and sellers
manage the task of finding potential partners
18
Support Services for Public
and Private Marketplaces (cont.)
• Partner relationship management (PRM):
Business strategy that focuses on
providing comprehensive quality service to
business partners
• E-communities and PRM
B2B application needs to provide community
services such as chat rooms, bulletin boards,
and possibly personalized Web pages
19
Support Services for Public
and Private Marketplaces (cont.)
• Integration (as per Keenan Report)
– Business-to-exchange (B2X) hubs connect all
of the Internet business services
•
•
•
•
•
e-merchant services
exchange infrastructure
buying and selling
member enterprises
other B2X exchanges
20
Implementation Issues
• Private vs. public exchanges
Private exchanges: E-marketplaces that are
owned and operated by one company. Also
known as company-centric marketplaces
21
Implementation Issues
(cont.)
• Problems with private exchanges
– Transaction fees—required to pay transaction fees
with existing customers
– Sharing information—do not want to share business
data with competitors
– Cost savings—not great enough to attract buyers
– Recruiting suppliers—lose direct contact with
customers
– Too many exchanges
22
Implementation Issues
(cont.)
• Supply chain improvers
– Companies want to streamline their internal
supply chains, which requires integration with
internal operations instead of “plugging in” to
an exchange’s infrastructure
• Major problem is trust in the large
corporation running the exchange
23
Implementation Issues
(cont.)
• Software agents in B2B enable customized
syndication of content and services from multiple
sources on the Internet to any device connected
to the Internet
– provide real-time, tighter integration between buyers
and sellers
– facilitate management of multiple trading partners and
their transactions across multiple virtual industry
exchanges
24
Example: Asite
• Asite’s B2B marketplace for the
construction industry
– B2B e-marketplace for the construction
industry in the United Kingdom
– This industry is typified by a high degree of
physical separation and fragmentation, and
communication among the members of the
supply chain is a primary problem
25
Asite (cont.)
– Two of the major advantages of the Internet:
• ability it provides to communicate more
effectively
• increased processing power made possible by
Internet technologies
– Asite decided not to build its own technology,
but to establish partnerships with technology
vendors that have highly specialized products
26
Asite (cont.)
• Commerce One provides the business solution
for the portal
• Microsoft provides the technology platform
and core applications
• Attenda is the designer and manager of the
Internet infrastructure
– Asite is committed to strong partnerships that
allow it to seamlessly interact with other emarketplaces
27
Asite (cont.)
– Internet browser is all that is needed to
connect to Asite’s portal
– Ease of access makes it particularly well
suited to an industry such as construction
• Construction firms streamline their supply
chains
28
Asite (cont.)
29
•
Source
: Turban, Efraim, David King,
Jae Lee and Dennis Viehland.
Electronic Commerce. A Managerial
Perspective (2004). Prentice Hall. PPT
for Chapter
:7
30