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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
3.1 Directed Reading
Section: Matter and Substances
Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space
provided.
1. A(n) ______________________ is the smallest unit of matter that cannot be
broken down by chemical means.
2. A(n) ______________________ is a substance made of only one kind of atom.
3. Atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their
______________________ ______________________.
4. Water is an example of a compound that is held together by
______________________ bonds.
5. Atoms gain or lose ______________________ to form ions.
6. The opposite ends of a polar molecule have ______________________
______________________ charges.
7. A(n) ______________________ ______________________ is a weak chemical
attraction between polar molecules.
In the space provided, explain how the terms in each pair differ in meaning.
8. molecule, atom
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
9. compound, element
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
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Chemistry of Life
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
3.2 Directed Reading
Section: Water and Solutions
Complete each statement by writing the correct term in the space provided.
1. An example of a substance that heats more slowly than many other substances is
____________________.
2. An attraction between particles of the same substance is called
______________________, while an attraction between particles of different
substances is called _____________________.
3. A solution that contains more hydronium ions than hydroxide ions is
____________________ and has a pH below _____________________.
Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided.
4. Why does ice float?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. What is a solution?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. Distinguish between acids and bases.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
2
Chemistry of Life
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
CH3.3 Directed Reading
Section: The Chemistry of Cells
Complete each statement by writing the correct term in the space provided.
1.The carbon atoms in large, complex biomolecules are bonded to other atoms with
____________________ bonds.
2. The four major classes of organic compounds are _____________________,
______________________, ______________________, and nucleic acids.
3. The building blocks of carbohydrates are _____________________.
4. If a carbohydrate molecule contained 6 carbon atoms, it would contain _____ hydrogen atoms.
5. Fats are lipids that store ______________________.
6. Amino acids link together in a protein with _____________________ bonds.
Complete each statement by underlining the correct term in the brackets.
7. The carbohydrate that provides support in plants is [cellulose / chitin].
8. Lipids will dissolve in [water / oil].
9. The coils and folds of a protein’s amino acid make up the protein’s [primary / secondary]
structure.
10. Muscles, hooves, hair, and horns are made of [lipids / protein].
Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided.
11. What two factors determine the shape of a protein?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
12. What roles do proteins play in organisms?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches
each term.
______ 13. nucleic acid
______ 14. nucleotide
______ 15. DNA
______ 16. RNA
______ 17. ATP
______ 18. phospholipid
______ 19. amino acid
______ 20. sugar
a. temporarily stores energy
b. involved in the production of proteins
c. subunit of proteins
d. one of the major classes of organic compounds
e. contains the genetic code
f. subunit of carbohydrates
g. subunit of DNA and RNA
h. found in cell membranes
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
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Chemistry of Life
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
3.4 Directed Reading
Section: Energy and Metabolism
Complete each statement by underlining the correct term in the brackets.
1. A change in form or shape of matter is a [physical / chemical] change.
2. The identity of matter changes in a [physical / chemical] change.
3. The law of conservation of energy states that every change in matter requires a
change in [energy / mass].
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches
each term.
_____ 4. energy
_____ 5. orientation
_____ 6. products
_____ 7. chemical reaction
_____ 8. activation energy
_____ 9. reactants
a. ending materials in a chemical reaction
b. energy needed to start a chemical reaction
c. chemical bonds between atoms are broken and
new ones are formed
d. alignment of molecules needed for a reaction to
occur
e. the ability to move or change matter
f. substances that change in a reaction
In the space provided, explain how the terms in each pair differ in meaning.
10. kinetic energy, activation energy
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
11. reactants, products
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
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Chemistry of Life
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Directed Reading continued
Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided.
12. What is an enzyme?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
13. How does an enzyme function?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space
provided.
14. A substance on which an enzyme acts is called a(n) ______________________.
15. Most enzymes need certain conditions, such as ______________________ and
______________________, to work well.
16. A(n) ______________________ ______________________ is the part of the
enzyme into which the substrate fits.
Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided.
17. Why is energy important to living things?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
18. How does the energy in food become available to organisms?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
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Chemistry of Life