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Is Technology the
answer to curing
Cancer?
Cancer Past, Present and Future
IBy Hannah B, Andrea G and
Bianca S.
Topics
Past
Present
Future
Interviews
Basic Information
Past
Death Statistics
Alternative Treatments
Treatments
What types of cancers killed the most people?
When was Chemo and Radio therapy invented?
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Past – Death Statistics
1 in 3 Men are diagnosed with Cancer
1 in 4 Women are diagnosed with Cancer
114,000 new cases of cancer were diagnosed in Australia in 2010
More than 43,000 people died of cancer in 2010
1 in 2 Australians will be diagnosed with cancer by the age of 85
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http://www.cancer.org.au/Newsmedia/factsfigures.htm
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Past – Alternative Treatment
In the mid nineteenth century Samuel Thompson made a
treatment out of herbs using a paste of thick decoction of red
clover blossoms. It was then repeatedly and thickly applied to
the women's breast and then covered with a bandage. A while
later the cancer started coming off the middle of the skin
leaving a shallow crater. Mid nineteenth century - Developed a
paste made of bloodroot, zinc chloride, flour, and water it was
then put as a paste on the tumour and destroyed it in two to
four weeks. In the early nineteenth century hydrogen peroxide
was used world wide as medicine.
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http://health.centreforce.com/health/herbalhistory.html
http://www.cancertruth.info/english.html/
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Past – Treatment
In the early 19th century people didn’t grow old enough to
die from cancer. There were two products to treat internal
cancer: the "pink medicine" was made with pepsin and
potassium iodide and the "black medicine" which had a
common laxative, cascara in an extract of prickly ash bark,
buckthorn bark, red clover blossoms, barberry roots.
burdock root, licorice root, pokeweed, and alfalfa. cascara
and potassium iodide, which have no value for treatment of
cancer, all of these ingredients had long been discarded for
medical use.
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http://www.cancertreatmentwatch.org/q/janssen.shtml
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Past – When was chemo and radio
therapy invented?
Chemotherapy - Alfred Gilman and Louis S. Goodman were
the first to discover Chemotherapy in the 1940's in the
United States.
Radiotherapy - radiation was found in 1895 for the
discovery of X rays by Wilhelm Rontgen it then grew in the
early 19th century.
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http://www.whoinventedit.net/who-invented-chemotherapy.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy
http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CancerBasics/TheHistoryofCancer/thehistory-of-cancer-cancer-treatment-radiation
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Present
Today's Aim To Curing Cancer
Alternative Treatments
How is Cancer Treated?
Deadly Cancers of Today
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Present - Treatment
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Hormone Therapy
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Today’s Aim to Curing Cancer
To kill cancer cells with minimal side effects
The Goals are to:
- Cure the Cancer
- Control the Cancer
- Palliation – To relive (if there is not other
option) without curing.
- (Prevention)
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Nicole Sirianni: Clinical Nurse Specialist –
Paediatric Oncology. RN, BN (ACU), Post Grad Dip
Adv Clinic Nurse – Child Health (Melb)
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Chemotherapy
Ways of giving treatment
Topical - cream that is applied directly onto the skin in certain cases of skin
cancer
Intra arterial – Given into an artery
Intraperitoneal - given directly into the abdominal cavity
Intrapleural - can be given into the pleural cavity (the space between the
lung and the lining of the lung)
Intravesical -given with the use of a urinary catheter directly into the
bladder.
Oral – can be swallowed (put in the mouth)
Intramuscular / Subcutaneous - tissue (the layer of tissue between the skin
and the muscle
Intrathecal - is a drug used when it needs to reach the cerebrospinal fluid
Intravenous - entry into the body's circulation
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http://chemocare.com/whatis/how_is_chemotherapy_given.asp
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Chemotherapy
Use of Chemotherapy
Multimodal therapy - involves the use of chemotherapy in combination
with other therapies such as radiotherapy, surgery, and/or biotherapy.
Combination chemotherapy- the use of more than one agent to treat a
cancer.
Adjuvant chemotherapy - used following surgery or radiotherapy for
patients with a high risk of recurrence
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy - the use of an agent prior to debulking to
reduce the amount of tumor that needs to be removed.
Sanctuary chemotherapy - administration of an agent into an area of the
body where malignant cells may be but systemic therapy may not reach.
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http://chemocare.com/whatis/how_is_chemotherapy_given.asp
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Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is used on tumours that can not be surgically
removed. Radiation isn't normally used on its own. To make
sure that all the cancer cells are killed radiotherapy is used with
chemotherapy. Radiotherapy doesn’t always have to be used on
tumours that can’t reach e.g.. Brain tumour. It can also be used
for tumours on the outside of the body.
The use of radiation therapy is dependent upon:
Patient’s age
Tumour type
Tumour location
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Book: SICK! Diseases and Disorders, Injuries and Infections.
Volume 1 A to C (page 151)
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Surgery
Surgery - is used to remove cancerous tumours. Surgery works well when
the tumour is small and hasn’t spread to other parts of the body. When the
tumour is being removed by surgery the surrounding tissue is removed as
well so that any spreading cancerous cells are most likely removed with the
tumour.
Cytoreduction – sometimes the tumour is to big to remove all of it so they
remove as much cancerous cells as possible. The remaining cancer tissue is
treated with Chemotherapy or radiation.
Palliation - is very similar to Cytoreduction they remove as much of the
tumour as they can. This helps to relieve the patient from pain even if it
doesn’t cure the cancer .
Prevention - this can be used even if there is no tumour . It could prevent
you from getting cancer later.
Diagnosis – when they take a small bit of the cancerous tissue by needle for
study.
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Book: SICK! Diseases and Disorders, Injuries and Infections.
Volume 1 A to C (page 154 – 155)
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Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy (sometimes called Biologic Therapy) is a new
cancer treatment. It is used to kill the cancer cells using
different chemicals that will occur naturally in the body.
Interferons are an example of one of the chemicals. It can be
given to the patient so that it can slow down the immune
system to fight the cancer. They are making a cancer vaccine. It
was to stop the cancer from occurring, it is designed to be given
to the patient who has already got the disease. It has been
made to help the patients immune system to fight the cancer
cells in the body.
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Book: SICK! Diseases and Disorders, Injuries and
Infections. Volume 1 A to C (page 155)
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Hormone Therapy
Some types of cancers can form faster than normal if
there are curtain hormones present. Some of the
cancers that can grow quicker is cancer of the breast,
prostate, and the uterus. If you were to get the
Hormone therapy it would involve the use of drugs
that would reduce the amount of hormones that you
are producing and stop the changes they are making
to your body. The Hormone Therapy can slow down
the rate of getting hormone related cancers that
develop, it will extend the patient’s life by months of
even years.
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Book: SICK! Diseases and Disorders, Injuries and Infections.
Volume 1 A to C (page 155)
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Present – Alternative Treatment
30 -50% use alternative treatments , Alternative Treatments are classified
into five broad categories, Alternative medical systems, Mind Body
Interventions, Biologically based therapies, Manipulative & body-based
therapies, Energy therapies
Traditional Chinese / oriental medicine
includes acupuncture, herbal medicine and oriental massage
Ayurveda – is an Indian traditional medicine with the goal of bringing
back the harmony of mind, body, spirit; includes diet, exercise,
meditation, herbs, massage, controlled breathing and sunlight
Homeopathy – based on idea that like cures like; use minutes doses of
plant extracts to stimulate body’s defenses specific to condition.
Naturopathy – shows you the diseases as changes in natural healing
process; includes diet, nutrition, homeopathy, acupuncture, herbal
medicine, spinal and soft tissue manipulation, physical therapies using
electric current, ultrasounds and light therapy, therapeutic counselling,
and pharmacology to restore natural healing.
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Nicole Sirianni: Clinical Nurse Specialist – Paediatric
Oncology. RN, BN (ACU), Post Grad Dip Adv Clinic
Nurse – Child Health (Melb)
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Cancers that COULD cause death
Cancers that COULD cause deaths today are:
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Bladder Cancer
- Melanoma
- Ovarian Cancer
- Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
- Colon and Rectal
- Prostate Cancer
- Endometrial Cancer - Skin Cancer
- Kidney Cancer
- Thyroid Cancer
- Leukemia
- Breast Cancer
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http://drug3k.com/forum_health/Cancer/ARE-THE-SYMPTOMSFOR-CANCER-ALwAYS-42212.htm
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Future
How will we treat cancer?
Stem Cell Research
Nanotechnology
Shark Antibodies
How can (will we) use technology to treat cancer?
Will everybody be able to be treated with the new cancer
treatments? Including people in third world countries?
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Future – Shark Antibodies
For 30% of people take herceptin, which is a drug that
women with breast cancer take, and it will work. If the
herceptin works for you than you will not need to go to
get chemo. All of the Antibodies kill most of the cancer
but if you want to make sure that it is all gone then you
should go to get Chemotherapy just to be sure.
Antibodies have already started to replace chemo in
some ways. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
targets the different types of cancer. It is very expensive
at the beginning but they become cheap
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Future – Nanotechnology
• What is Nanotechnology?
It is a new technology that is used for producing materials
that form really tiny particles that will attack the cancer.
This is a very promising imaging tests.
• How can it help with curing Cancer?
It can show you a more accurate location of tumors, as
well as new ways to deliver drugs in an easier was and give
it to the cancer cells.
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http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CancerBasics/TheHistoryofCan
cer/the-history-of-cancer-twenty-first-century-and-beyond
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Future - How can (will we) use
technology to treat cancer?
In the future, we hope to be treating cancers in a number of
different ways.
Ways such as Stem Cell research, which will enable us to create
effective stem cells that will help us to fight some cancers in
the future. Helpful human tissues will be grown under certain
conditions, then will replace the damaged tissue or tissues.
Nanotechnology. This is a new technology which involves
taking tiny particles that will attack a cancer under a powerful
magnet. This form of treatment is extremely new.
Shark Antibodies. Antibodies made inside selected sharks
would be injected into humans suffering from some cancers.
These Antibodies will help to kill of the cancer.
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Future – Stem Cell Research
Australian scientist have been trying to make effective
stem cells that are based from the treatments that are
now incurable diseases. Researchers in NSW have
found some way to start stem cells from the human
skin, it is known as a new stem cells been introduced
called pluripotent without introducing foreign DNA.
The bad thing about the pluripotent stem cells
technology is that the cells are generated by using the
viral particles. There have also been some fears that
the technology will be to robust and that you could
end up introducing foreign DNA to the host organism
and the fear is that it could lead to cancer later in life.
Stem Cell Research ... Continued
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Future – Stem Cell Research
....Continued
Later the fear was taken away is a technique that does
not use any virtual particles but it will require an extract
which would be taken from the embryonic stem cells.
The extract would allow for the processed cell to
become able to develop into a range of different cells or
tissues in the body. Stem cells have been seen to be the
best hope for hopefully providing some treatments for
the incurable degenerative diseases. They thought that
they could start with the skin and take a sample from a
patient and then finish a fresh bunch of healthy brain
cells so they are ready for a transplant, There is always a
future in using in using a skin from the patient making
stem cell lines and it could also help to treat many other
diseases that cannot be treated at the moment.
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Interviews
Mick Foley – Shark Antibodies
Andy Coley – Cancer
We also had an interview with David Piper Novel
Immobilisation strategies for ECL active compounds at La
Trobe
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Associate Professor Mick Foley
Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University
See the iPod for the interview
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Dr Andy Coley
Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University
Do you think
Are people dying less technology is the
answer to curing
of cancer now?
cancer?
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How will we be able
to treat cancer in the
Future
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Basic Information
What is Cancer?
How does Cancer Form?
Different Types of Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
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What is Cancer
Cancer is a group of disease that’s cells are related and are
classified as cancer. This disease is caused when cells dived
uncontrollably and invade our body tissue. When the cell is
dividing uncontrollably it normally forms a mass of cells
called a tumor.
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer
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How does Cancer form
Cancer is formed when a normal cell is
damaged and then mutation occurs.
Healthy cells are replaced with the cells
that don't function. For lung cancer the
cancerous cells are not able to move the
oxygen around because the cells take up
most of the space and resources such as
nutrients but the don't perform any
function.
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061018012716AAzK
1MF
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Different Types of Cancer
- Brain Cancer
- Kidney Cancer
- Melanoma
- Lymphoma
- Lung Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Myeloma
- Leukemia
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Prostate Cancer
- Colon Cancer
- Ovarian Cancer
- Skin Cancer
- Liver Cancer
- Stomach Cancer
- Thyroids Cancer
- Cancer of the Pancreas
http://www.tirgan.com/catyps.htm
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Ovarian Cancer
More than 12 hundred Australian women are diagnosed with ovarian
cancer each year but for most of the people the diagnosis comes to late.
Each year there is about 800 Australian women who die from ovarian
cancer. There is about a 20 to 30% of a cure rate.
It is a really deadly cancer and to the people that have it the symptoms
come to late and are very unusual. They would only discover that
something was wrong when it was too late.
The average survival rate is only about 3 and a half years
Australian deborotries are paying millions of dollars to make a test that
could save millions of lives possible.
The way you can find out if you could get ovarian cancer is if you have
someone in your family that has had ovarian cancer you can get tested to
see if you have the same genes and that shows you that you could get
ovarian cancer as well. If you find out earlier that you are going to get it
you can start to tests every 6 months and go to a clinic to try and prevent
getting diagnosed with it.
http://7pmproject.com.au/video.htm