Download presenting lung cancer

PRESENTING
LUNG CANCER
Lung Cancer: Defined
Uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in
one or both lungs and tracheo-bronchial
tree
 A result of repeated carcinogenic irritation
causing increased rates of cell replication
Proliferation of abnormal cells leads to
hyperplasia, dysplasia or carcinoma in situ
Picture of the Lungs
Lung Cancer in the US
According to 2004 statistics,
there were
173,770 new cases and
160,440 deaths yearly
More deaths from lung cancer
than prostate, breast and
colorectal cancers combined
Decreasing incidence and
deaths in men; continued
increase in women
Women & Lung Cancer
80,660 new cases were reported in 2004
- Account for 12 % of all new cases
68,510 deaths were reported in 2004
- An increase of 150% between 1974 and
1994
Women are more prone to tobacco effects 1.5 times more likely to develop lung cancer
than men with same smoking habits
Where Does it Come From?
Radiation Exposure
Smoking
Environmental/ Occupational Exposure
Asbestos
Radon
Passive smoke
Smoking Facts
Tobacco use is the
leading cause of lung
cancer
87% of lung cancers are
related to smoking
Risk related to:
 age of smoking onset
 amount smoked
 gender
 product smoked
 depth of inhalation
Where does it travel?
Lymph Nodes, Brain, Liver, Adrenal, Gland, Bones
40% of metastasis occurs in the
Adrenal Gland
Diagnosis
History and Physical exam
Diagnostic tests
Chest x-ray
Biopsy (bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, surgery)
Staging tests
CT chest/abdomen
Bone scan
Bone marrow aspiration
PET scan
Symptoms
cough
dyspnea
hemoptysis
recurrent infections
chest pain
Syndromes/Symptoms secondary to
regional metastases:
Esophageal compression þ dysphagia
Laryngeal nerve paralysis þ hoarseness
Symptomatic nerve paralysis þ Horner’s syndrome
Cervical/thoracic nerve invasion þ Pancoast
syndrome
Lymphatic obstruction þ pleural effusion
Vascular obstruction þ SVC syndrome
Pericardial/cardiac extension þ effusion,
tamponade
Two Lung Cancer Cells, Classified
Non Small Cell Lung
Cancer (NSCLC)
Small Cell Lung
Cancer (SCLC)
Adenocarcinoma
Oat Cell
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Intermediate
Large Cell Carcinoma
Combined
Treatment and Staging
NSCLC
Stage
Description
Treatment Options
Stage I a/b
Tumor of any size is found only in the
lung
Surgery
Stage II a/b
Tumor has spread to lymph nodes
associated with the lung
Surgery
Stage III a
Tumor has spread to the lymph nodes in Chemotherapy followed by
the tracheal area, including chest wall
radiation or surgery
and diaphragm
Stage III b
Tumor has spread to the lymph nodes
on the opposite lung or in the neck
Combination of
chemotherapy and
radiation
Stage IV
Tumor has spread beyond the chest
Chemotherapy and/or
palliative (maintenance)
care
SCLC
Limited Stage
Defined as tumor involvement of one lung, the
mediastinum and ipsilateral and/or contralateral
supraclavicular lymph nodes or disease that can
be encompassed in a single radiotherapy port.
Extensive Stage
Defined as tumor that has spread beyond one
lung, mediastinum, and supraclavicular lymph
nodes. Common distant sites of metastases are
the adrenals, bone, liver, bone marrow, and brain.
Conclusion
Smoking cessation is essential for
prevention of lung cancer.
New screening tools under way.
Clinical trials under way.
New treatments under way.
Treatment can palliate symptoms and
improve quality of life.
Read first bullet again!!