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Organization rules of the brain stem: distribution of the
functionally diverse neurons
The nervous system has lots of impotant units like neurons and nerves.
Neurons are individual cells which are able to convey information to other
similar cells. Electrical and chemical signals originate in neurons. Nerve contains
more cells and make up a conducting zone for transporting signals from
neurons.
Brain stem is a part of the brain. It has several important rule in the nervous
system. It contains specialized parts which have important rules in the vital life
processes. It has processing centres of most cranial nerves, reticular formation
controlling respiratory and circulatory mechanisms, subcortical acoustic and
vestibular centres. Brain stem is a main source of monoamine transmitters too.
Major motor and sensory projections pass through the brain stem.
Struture of brain stem: medulla oblongata, the pons, the mesencephalon
Functions of cranial nerves:
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Smell (I)
Vision (II)
Eye movement (III, IV, VI)
Trigeminal nerve (V)
Facial expression (VII)
Hearing and balance (VIII)
Oral sensation, taste, and salivation (IX)
Vagus nerve (X)
Shoulder elevation and head-turning (XI)
Tongue movement (XII)