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Course Name: Health
Semester: 1
Unit Number: 1
Section Number: 6
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Section 6: Understanding And Developing Identity
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What makes you you?
Knowing yourself well and making healthy choices based on that knowledge is an important part
of creating strong mental and emotional health. In this section, you will be asked to explore what
creates and affects your personal identity and your self-esteem. You will also learn about mental
disorders with two example disorders: ADHD and eating disorders.
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Section Objectives
After you have completed this section, you will be able to:
1Define identity, self-esteem and mental disorders.
2. Explain issues of identity and strategies to develop self-esteem.
3. Research information about personality theories and evaluate it based on your values and
beliefs.
4. Describe the causes, symptoms, and treatment of disorders such as ADHD and eating
disorders.
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Section Assignments
In this section you will complete the following graded assignments:
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Personality Research and Writing Activity 30 points
Understanding and Developing Identity Quiz 30 points
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Section Warm-Up: Personality Quiz
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Are you more introverted or extroverted? Are you more of a “feeler” or a “thinker”? Follow this
link to test your possible personality type and get some information about what causes and
creates personality:
http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.asp
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Personality and Identity
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Your Personality
Why are you the way you are? What makes you unique? Why do you act and react in certain
predictable ways?
Your personality is a combination of many characteristics that makes you different from any
other person. Personality is made up of your emotional needs, attitudes, thoughts, and daily
behaviors. Personality is the topic for the popular discussion of “nature” vs. “nurture.” What is
most influential in making you the person you are today, the environment you grow up in or the
traits you inherited from your parents? Most psychologists now agree that environment and
heredity both greatly influence the person you have and will become.
But how do personalities develop? In the following assignment, you will explore three of the most
prominent theories of personality development. You will examine the theories of Sigmund Freud,
Erik Erikson, and Abraham Maslow (shown below, in order) and evaluate them to see which
ideas from the theories match your own personality development.
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Personality Research and Writing Assignment 30 points
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Part One: For part one of your writing assignment, go to your favorite search engine to research
the developmental and personality theories of Sigmund Freud, Eric Erikson, and Abraham
Maslow using keywords: developmental and personality theory and the person’s name.
Complete the following:
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2.
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In your own words, briefly explain Sigmund Freud’s views of the Id,theego, and
thesuper ego. What are the theory’s main ideas?
In your own words, briefly explain Eric Erikson’s eight stages of personality
development. What are the theory’s main ideas?
In your own words, briefly explain Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (you might
remember these from a previous section!). What are the theory’s main ideas?
Part Two: Now, using your research, evaluate these theories based on your own
ideas of yourself: your beliefs and values. Write a brief essay of more than six
paragraphs that answers the following:What are your main personality traits? First,
briefly describe the attitudes, behaviors and beliefs that you feel make you unique.
Next, evaluate your own theory of how you developed your personality, using ideas
from the three theories you have researched. What points in Freud, Erikson or Maslow
seem to make sense when you think of how you developed your personality? State
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which ideas from which theories help explain this.
Finally, sum up your essay with a conclusion about which theory has most impacted
the person you have become. Make sure to explain why.
Save both Part One and Part Two in the same word document and turn them in to the Health
teacher.
Please use the following link to see the 6+1 Traits of Writing Rubric your teacher will use to
grade your writing assignment.
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Developing Positive Identity
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Now that you have explored some ideas about what makes you unique, how would you explain
who you are as a person? You might start with your name, where you are from, and how old you
are. You might talk about your relationships—who your friends are, what your family is like, if you
have siblings and where you stand in the birth order. Next, you might talk about what you are
good at and what you like to do—your hobbies,talents, and passions. Finally, you may talk about
your goals and dreams, what you hope to accomplish in the future. All of these attributes
combine to create your personal identity.
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What makes up your identity? Click below to see which pieces combine to create your identity:
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Your relationships with family, friends and community
Your Interests
Your talents and abilities
Your values and beliefs
Your goals
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What are some ways to develop a positive identity? Click below to see some strategies:
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Recognize your strengths and weaknesses. Take pride in your strengths and
accomplishments. Be realistic about your weaknesses without being self-critical, and
set goals to make improvements.
Develop and demonstrate your positive values. What is most important to you?
Showing honesty, integrity, responsibility, understanding and compassion in the way
you treat yourself and others helps you develop positive identity and self-esteem.
Create a sense of life purpose. This means making goals for what you want to
accomplish and then creating steps to reach them. Instead of thinking, “What will I be
when I grow up?” think, “What do I most love, and how can I create goals that grow
from that love?”
Develop healthy relationships. Being able to express your true self to friends and
family helps you develop a sincere identity and helps you feel valued as an individual.
How can you work now to develop a strong support system through expressing your
true needs and ideas?
Avoid unhealthy and risky behavior. Healthy risk-taking is an important part of
growing. When you decide to run one more mile to test your long-distance running
endurance, you are taking a healthy risk. Reaching out to a new friend is another
example of a healthy risk. Examples of unhealthy risks include using tobacco, alcohol
or drugs, participating in violence, or driving dangerously.
Developing Positive Identity: Health Blitz Game
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Play the following Blitz Game to test your knowledge of ways to develop your personal identity.
Feel free to go to the previous section to review before playing the game.
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Question
MC Choices (* indicate
correct answer)
You have worked hard to develop your soccer skills and you
are proud of yourself for your accomplishments. This is an
example of:
A. cognitive theory.
B. developing healthy
relationships.
*C. recognizing strengths.
You decide to be brave and try out for the theater club, even
though you know you are afraid to speak out in front of large
groups of people. This is an example of:
*A. healthy risk-taking.
B. unhealthy risk-taking.
C. recognizing strengths.
A. developing healthy
You want to go to college so that you can realize your dream of
relationships.
becoming a veterinarian. This is an example of:
*B. creating a sense of life
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purpose.
C. healthy risk-taking.
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In a difficult situation where you may be blamed for something
you did not do, you tell the truth because honesty is something
you believe strongly in. This is an example of:
A. creating a sense of life
purpose.
*B. demonstrating your positive
values.
C. developing healthy
relationships.
You have had an argument with a close friend who won’t speak
to you. You decide to approach the friend and find a way to
make amends, because you value her friendship. This is an
example of:
*A. developing healthy
relationships.
B. unhealthy risk-taking.
C. personality theory.
Developing Self-Esteem
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An important part of developing your personal identity is developing self-esteem. Self-esteem is
the belief that you are a valuable and unique human being who has something positive to offer
the world. In order to develop self-esteem, you will need to develop the ability to see daily events
realistically. It takes awareness and practice, but once you develop skills that create a more
positive outlook, it gets easier and easier to feel increasingly good about yourself. Click on the
strategies below to find out more ways to develop your self-esteem.
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Mental Disorders
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Developing self-esteem is important for everyone, and perhaps more so for someone who
suffers from a mental disorder. A mental disorder is an illness of the brain or the mind that
Be realistic. Realize that your problem isn’t who you are, it’s some behavior you
have learned to protect your physical and emotional well being.
Take responsibility. You will build self-esteem by accepting responsibility for your
own behaviors and choices and making changes about those behaviors that are in
line with your values.
Think and talk positively, especially to yourself. Try to become aware of daily
self-criticizing. Try to turn those critical statements into constructive, “can-do”
statements. Also, the more positively you think of and speak to others, the better you
will treat yourself.
Pay attention to media’s hidden messages. The media has one goal: to sell
things. They want to make you feel bad about yourself so you will buy what they are
selling. Don’t fall for it.
Ignore other critics. When you hear a critical remark, ask yourself, "What does this
person really know about me?” It’s unlikely that the criticism is based on an accurate
perception of you. If you know it has nothing to do with you, don’t give it attention; it’s
not worth your valuable time.
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affects a person’s feelings, thoughts and behaviors. The disorder limits him or her from leading a
fully active and productive life. An important thing to remember is that a mental disorder does not
mean a person is “diseased” or “faulty.” Many people suffering from mental disorders participate
meaningfully in their daily lives with the help of therapeutic and medicinal interventions. Two
examples of mental disorders that affect teens are ADHD and eating disorders:
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ADHD
ADHD stands for “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.” This disorder is common among many
teenagers, with symptoms that include constant fidgeting or the inability to remain focused on
one task for a period of time. One possible cause of ADHD is an imbalance in brain chemistry.
This imbalance causes the brain to “over-react” to situations it is interpreting, causing reactions
in the body that makes attention difficult.
ADHD can affect teens’ ability to study or earn good grades and develop healthy relationships. It
can also lead to injuries (usually from lack of concentration during sports), and poor self-esteem.
Some possible signs of ADHD can include:
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Inability to give close attention to details
Trouble keeping attention on tasks or play activities
Difficulty listening to directions
Losing things needed for the task at hand
Fidgeting or squirming often
Having trouble waiting one's turn.
Treatment of ADHD can include making changes in the person’s environment and expectations
and prescribing medication. Today there are numerous prescription medications for ADHD and
Ritalin is one of the more common ones prescribed. These medications can have side-effects,
such as drowsiness and basic lethargy. A doctor can determine if a patient’s body is reacting
appropriately to the prescribed medication. In conjunction with medication, behavior therapy is
recommended.
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Eating Disorders
Suppose your best friend has confided in you that she does not like her body and is doing
something to fix it. You have noticed that she is losing weight rapidly, and is now looking way too
thin. In this scenario, the friend has an eating disorder called anorexia. An eating disorder is a
compulsion to eat or to avoid eating that negatively impacts a person's mental, emotional and
physical health. The three most common types are:
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Causes
Eating disorders are complex disorders that involve behavioral, emotional, psychological, and
social factors. Some causes can include:
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Anorexia Nervosa: a life-threatening process of self-starvation and weight loss.
Bulimia Nervosa: a life-threatening cycle of bingeing and self-induced purging (vomitor take
laxatives) designed to compensate for the effects of overeating
Binge Eating Disorder (BED): a habit of overeating without compensating for the binging (by
vomiting, etc).
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Low self-esteem
Depression
Family/relationship problems
History of abuse
Cultural/media pressures to fit in
Effects
Some negative health effects of eating disorders can include:
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Decreased bone density
Decreased heart function
Decreased body and muscle mass
Severe fatigue
Hair loss
Tooth decay
Ulcers
Starvation
Death
Treatment
Treatment for eating disorders includes:
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Professional therapy or counseling for the symptoms of the eating disorder and the
underlying causes of the disorder
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Hospital care for the physical symptoms and effects
For more information on eating disorders and strategies to avoid or prevent eating disorders,
visit: http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/
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Mental Disorders Crossword
After reviewing the previous sections on mental disorders, complete the following crossword.
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Create a crossword with the following terms.
ADHD
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Anorexia
Binge Eating
Bulimia
Ulcers
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Understanding and Developing Identity Quiz 30 points
Congratulations on completing this section! In this section you learned about:
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Depression, suicide, death and grieving and how they can affect you and your family.
The causes and effects of depression.
Strategies for coping with depression.
Issues related to death and grieving.
Strategies to prevent suicides.
Symptoms can include constant fidgeting or the inability to remain
focused on one task for a period of time.
A life-threatening process of self-starvation and weight loss.
A habit of overeating without compensating for the binging.
A life-threatening cycle of bingeing and self-induced purging.
A stomach ailment that is an effect of eating disorders.
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Decision-making skills that promote mental and emotional health.
Now it’s time to take the section quiz. Please check your understanding of the topics above
before proceeding to take the quiz. After you have completed the quiz, continue with the unit.
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Mental and Emotional Health Unit Exam 100 points
Congratulations on completing this unit! In this unit you learned about:
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Mental and emotional health and how it affects you and your family
Researching information about a mental or emotional health concern and evaluatingit
based on your values and beliefs
The causes and effects of stress and strategies for managing stress and coping with
depression
Communication skills that demonstrate empathy and respect for self, family and others
The causes, symptoms and treatment of disorders such as ADHD and eating
disorders
Issues related to death and grieving and strategies to prevent suicides
Decision-making skills that promote mental and emotional health
Now it’s time to take the unit exam. Please check your understanding of the topics above before
proceeding to take the exam. After you have completed the exam, continue with the course.
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