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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS are classified by the types of sediments that make up the rock Sediments What are sediments? Def: small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or other living things (may include shells, bones, leaves, stems, etc Processes Erosion (wash away) How sediments form into sedimentary rock: Write the steps in order w/descriptions Deposition (drop down) Forces – running water, wind, or ice loosen & carry away fragments of rock Sediments settle out of the water or wind carrying them & they sink to the bottom of the lake or ocean Compaction (smashed together) Process that presses sediments together. Thick layers of sediment build up over time & weigh down the layers compacting the sediments. Cementation (glued together) Process in which dissolved minerals crystallize & glue particles of sediment together, dissolved minerals seep into the spaces between particles & then harden Types Clastic Rock (Define each type: Def: Made from rock fragments that are squeezed together. Give details about how each type forms: Shale - forms from tiny particles of clay Sandstone - forms from sand on beaches, ocean floor, river beds, etc. Conglomerate - forms from rounded sediment. Breccia - forms from larger, sharp fragments of sediments. Organic Rock Chemical Rock Uses Building Materials And Tools: Fossils Def: Forms where the remains of plants & animals are deposited in thick layers Coal – forms from swamp plants buried in water for Def: Forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize Limestone – forms from calcite in dissolved seas, millions of years. Limestone – forms in the ocean from hard shells with calcite from seashells, coral, clams & oysters or skeletons that pile up on the ocean floor for millions of years slowly changing the sediment to limestone lakes & underground caves. Rock Salt – forms from halite by evaporation What things have been made from sedimentary rocks? Flint – Arrowheads Sandstone – The White House Limestone - used as blocks & slabs for buildings, making cement & steel ONLY FOUND IN SEDIMENTARY ROCK!!!