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Matakuliah : F0184/Audit atas Kecurangan
Tahun
: 2007
Fraud Audit
Pertemuan V
Learning Outcomes
• Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu mengidentifikasi audit
atas kecurangan, dan audit keuangan
• Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui fungsi dari auditor
kecurangan
• Mahasiswa diharapkan mengetahui perbedaan antara
auditor kecurangan dan auditor keuangan
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Outline Materi
• Fraud audit and financial audit
• Fraud Auditor Profile
• Fraud Auditor Vs Financial Auditor
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Fraud Audit
Fraud audit is discipline that focus on the intuitive process.
The patterns to look for are the exceptions and oddities.
Also one goes behind and beyond those transactions to
reconstruct what may have led to them and what has
followed from them.
Fraud auditing is the discipline used to discourage, discern,
and document such incident.
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Financial Audit
Financial auditing is intended to uncover material
deviations and variances from standards of acceptable
accounting and auditing practices or standard.
Financial auditing concentrates on the present – on the
adequacy of internal controls, on the reliability, validity, and
mathematical accuracy.
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Fraud Vs Financial Auditor
The main focus of the fraud auditor is not the accounting
system and internal controls against the standard (eg:
IRFS, FASB) but:
Where are the weakest link in this system’s chain of
controls?
What deviations from conventional good accounting
practices are possible in this system
How are off-line transactions handled, and who can
authorize such transactions
What would be the simplest way to compromise this
system?
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Fraud Vs Financial Auditor (Con’t)
What control features in this system can be bypassed by
higher authorities?
What is the nature of the work environment?
!!These questions may occur for years before they are
discovered!!
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Fraud Condition
Fraud usually occur in the following conditions:
Internal controls are absent, weak, or loosely enforced
Employees are hired without due consideration for their
honesty and integrity
Employees are poorly managed, exploited, abused, or
placed under great stress to accomplish financial goals
and objectives
Management models are themselves corrupt, inefficient,
or incompetent
A trusted employee has an irresolvable personal problem,
usually of a financial nature
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Fraud Condition (Con’t)
Fraud usually occur in the following conditions:
The industry of which the company is a part has a history
or tradition of corruption
The company has fallen on bad times-it is losing money
or market share, or its products or services are becoming
obsolete
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Fraud Case
!! There is no simple formula for conducting a fraud audit,
nor are there any generally accepted checklist or patterned
interviews. Fraud is a human phenomenon; humans vary a
great deal, as do frauds, in terms of the techniques used!!
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Fraud Case (con’t)
Most fraud are not discovered in the course of routine
financial audits but though:
an allegation, complaint, or a rumor of fraud brought by a
third party
an auditor’s intuition or general suspicion that something
is awry
an exception from an expectation of a person senior to
the suspect
the sudden discovery that something is missing
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Fraud Auditor Belief
That fraud is possible even in accounting systems in which controls
are tight
That the visible part of a transaction fraud may involve a small
amount of money, but the invisible portion can be substantial
That red flags of fraud are discernible if one look long enough and
deep enough
That fraud perpetrators can come from any level of management or
society
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Fraud Auditor Traits and Skills
• Skepticism
• Curiosity
• Persistence
• Imagination
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