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Matakuliah : A0092 - Kepemimpinan
Tahun
: 2008 / 2009
Chapter 9
Charismatic and Transformational
Leadership
Learning Objectives
• Understand how the theories of charismatic and
transformational leadership differ from earlier leadership
theories.
• Understand similarities and differences among the major
theories of charismatic and transformational leadership.
• Understand why attributions of charisma are jointly
determined by the leader, the followers, and the
situation.
Bina Nusantara
Learning Objectives
• Understand what traits, behaviors, and influence
processes are involved in charismatic and
transformational leadership.
• Understand why charismatic leadership can result in
undesirable consequences for followers and the
organization.
• Understand what research methods have been used to
evaluate theories of transformational and charismatic
leadership.
Bina Nusantara
Learning Objectives
• Understand the major findings in empirical research on
the effects of charismatic and transformational
leadership.
• Understand what leaders can do to become more
transformational.
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Two Early Theories
• Charisma
• Transforming Leadership
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Attribution Theory of Charismatic Leadership
• Leader Traits and Behaviors
• Influence Processes
• Facilitating Conditions
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Self-Concept Theory of Charismatic
Leadership
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Indicators of Charisma
Key Traits and Behaviors
Influence Processes
Facilitating Conditions
Other Conceptions of Charisma
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Psychodynamic Processes
Social Contagion and Charisma
Close and Distant Charisma
Routinization of Charisma
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Consequences of Charismatic Leadership
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Negative Charismatics
The Dark Side of Charisma
Effects of Positive Charismatics
Practical Implications for Organizations
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Transformational Leadership
• Transformational leaders use idealized influence,
individualized consideration, inspirational
motivation, and intellectual stimulation, while
transactional leaders use contingent reward, and
active and passive management by exception.
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Research on the Theories
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Survey Research
Laboratory Experiments
Field Experiments
Descriptive and Comparative Studies
Intensive Case Studies
Transformational vs. Charismatic Leadership
• Essentially equivalent or
distinct but overlapping?
• Transformational leadership
can be found in all of
organization.
• Charismatic leadership usually
rare and came out in the
support condition
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Guidelines for Transformational Leadership
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Articulate a clear and appealing vision.
Explain how the vision can be attained.
Act confident and optimistic.
Express confidence in followers.
Use dramatic, symbolic actions to emphasize key
values.
• Lead by example.
• Empower people to achieve the vision.
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Summary
• Attributions of charisma are the result of an interactive
process between leader, followers, and the situation.
• Charismatic leaders can tremendously influence an
organization, positively or negatively.
• Transformational leaders induce followers to transcend
self interest for the sake of the organization.
Bina Nusantara