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Contents
Preface
1
2
3
4
5
ix
8086 Processor
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1
2
5
8
9
9
Introduction
8088 microprocessor
Memory segmentation
View inside the processor
Machine code and assembly language
Exercises
8086/8088 Instructions
11
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
11
16
16
16
17
18
19
19
19
20
21
22
22
23
23
24
25
26
26
Assembly language mnemonics
Characters and numbers
Comments
Move (MOV)
Addressing memory
Addition and subtraction (ADD and SUB)
Compare (CMP)
Unary operations (INC, DEC and NEG)
Boolean bitwise instructions (AND, OR, XOR and NOT)
Shift/rotate instructions
Unconditional jump (JMP)
Conditional jumps
Subroutine calls (CALL and RET)
PUSH and POP
Moving around data in memory
Assembler directives
Data definition
Equates (EQU)
Exercises
80386/80486
31
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
31
31
35
36
41
Introduction
80486 pin out
80386/80486 registers
Memory cache
Direct memory access (DMA)
Pentium/Pentium Pro
42
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
42
42
44
45
45
49
Introduction
Intel processor development
Terms
Pentium II and Pentium Pro
System overview
MMX technology
8086 Interfacing and Timing
50
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
50
50
51
51
56
Introduction
Interfacing with memory
Memory mapped I/O
Isolated I/O
Timing
viii PC Interfacing, Communications and Windows Programming
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
UART and PIC
59
6.1
6.2
6.3
59
59
67
Introduction
Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (8250)
Programmable Interrupt Controller (8259)
PPI and PTC
69
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
69
69
77
85
Introduction
Programmable Peripheral Interface (8255)
Programmable Timer Controller (8254)
Exercises
Interrupts and BIOS
88
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
88
89
90
92
92
98
102
Introduction
BIOS and the operating system
Interrupt vectors
Processor interrupts
Hardware interrupts
Generating software interrupts
Exercises
Interfacing Standards
104
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
104
104
106
110
110
111
112
Introduction
PC bus
ISA bus
MCA bus
EISA bus
Comparison of different types
Exercises
Local Bus
114
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
114
114
115
125
125
Introduction
VESA VL-local bus
PCI bus
Exercises
Example manufacturer and plug-and-play IDs
Motherboard Design
126
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.18
126
126
128
130
130
132
132
134
135
135
135
136
137
137
137
137
138
138
140
Introduction
Pentium processor
82371SB PCI ISA Xcelerator (PIIX3)
82438 System Controller (TXC)
Error detection and correction
PCI interface
82091AA (AIP)
DRAM interface
Clock rates
ISA/IDE interface
DMA interface
Interval timer
Interrupt controller
Mouse function
Power management
Universal serial bus
Mouse and keyboard interface
Example ATX motherboard
Exercises
IDE and Mass Storage
141
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
141
141
142
142
143
144
145
Introduction
Tracks and sectors
Floppy disks
Fixed disks
Drive specifications
Hard disk/CD-ROM interfaces
IDE interface
Contents
12.8
12.9
12.10
12.11
12.12
12.13
13
SCSI
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
IDE communication
File systems
Coping with disk errors
Optical storage
Magnetic tape
Exercises
ix
146
152
155
156
160
161
163
Introduction
SCSI types
SCSI Interface
SCSI operation
SCSI pointers
Message system description
SCSI commands
Status
Exercises
163
163
165
167
170
170
172
174
174
PCMCIA
176
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.2
176
176
176
178
182
Introduction
PCMCIA connections
PCMCIA signals
PCMCIA registers
Exercises
RS-232
183
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
183
183
185
185
190
190
193
198
Introduction
Electrical characteristics
Frame format
Communications between two nodes
Programming RS-232
RS-232 programs
Standard Windows serial communications programs
Exercises
Interrupt-driven RS-232
201
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
201
201
201
208
Interrupt-driven RS-232
Win32 programs
DOS-based RS-232 program
Exercises
Parallel Port
210
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
210
210
213
218
Introduction
Data handshaking
I/O addressing
Exercises
Interrupt-driven Parallel Port
221
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
221
221
221
223
225
Introduction
Interrupts
Example program
Program explanation
Exercises
Enhanced Parallel Port
226
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
226
226
226
227
229
230
231
234
236
Introduction
IEEE 1284 Data Transfer Modes
Compatibility mode
Nibble mode
Byte mode
EPP
ECP
1284 Negotiation
Exercises
Modems
237
20.1
237
Introduction
x PC Interfacing, Communications and Windows Programming
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
20.10
20.11
20.12
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
RS-232 communications
Modem standards
Modem commands
Modem setups
Modem indicators
Profile viewing
Test modes
Digital Modulation
Typical modems
Fax transmission
Exercises
238
239
240
242
244
244
245
247
249
250
252
VB (Introduction)
253
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
21.10
21.11
253
253
253
255
255
261
263
264
265
266
278
Introduction
Event-driven programming
Visual Basic files
Other terms
Main screen
Properties window
Controls and Event
Programming language
Entering a program
Language reference
Exercises
VB (Forms)
281
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
22.6
22.7
281
281
281
289
291
294
298
Introduction
Setting properties
Forms and code
Temperature conversion program
Quadratic roots program
Resistance calculation with slider controls program
Exercises
VB (Menus)
299
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
299
299
305
311
312
Introduction
Menu editor
Common dialog control
Running an application program
Exercises
VB (Events)
313
24.1
24.2
24.3
Introduction
Program events
Exercises
313
313
320
VB (Graphics and Timer)
322
25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
25.5
25.6
322
322
324
325
329
331
Introduction
Loading graphics files
Colors
Drawing
Timer
Exercises
VB (Serial Comms)
332
26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
26.5
26.6
26.7
26.8
332
332
333
339
340
342
342
343
Introduction
Communications control
Properties
Events
Example program
Error messages
RS-232 polling
Exercises
Windows 95/98/NT (Introduction)
344
27.1
344
Introduction
Contents
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.8
27.9
27.10
27.11
27.12
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Architecture
Windows registry
Device drivers
Configuration Manager
Virtual Machine Manager (VMM)
Multiple file systems
Core system components
Multitasking and threading
Plug-and-play process
Windows NT architecture
Exercises
xi
345
345
347
348
350
352
354
356
358
359
361
Windows Registry
362
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.6
362
362
367
369
373
373
Introduction
Windows 95/98 and the Registry
Windows NT and the Registry
INF files
Exercises
Sample INF file
Win32 Introduction
376
29.1
29.2
29.3
376
377
377
Introduction
Win32s and Windows 3.x
Exceptions
Win32 Basics
379
30.1
30.2
30.3
30.4
30.5
30.6
379
379
381
391
396
398
Introduction
Main program
Creating windows
Sample application
Other Windows support functions
Exercises
Windows Messaging
400
31.1
31.2
31.3
31.4
31.5
400
400
401
403
413
Introduction
Message structure
Message functions
Messages
Exercises
Windows Output
414
32.1
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.5
414
414
415
416
421
Introduction
Device context
Text output
Various GDI functions
Exercises
Drawing and Painting
422
33.1
33.2
33.3
33.4
33.5
422
422
423
436
437
Introduction
Colors
Painting and Drawing functions
Structures
Exercises
Networking
439
34.1
34.2
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.6
34.7
34.8
34.9
34.10
439
440
442
443
444
445
446
450
453
456
Introduction
OSI model
Communications standards and the OSI model
Standards agencies
Network cable types
LAN topology
Internetworking connections
Internet routing protocols
Network topologies
Exercises
xii PC Interfacing, Communications and Windows Programming
35
36
37
38
39
Ethernet
457
35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
35.5
35.6
35.7
35.8
35.9
35.10
35.11
35.12
35.13
35.14
457
458
458
459
461
463
464
468
469
470
472
477
479
480
Introduction
IEEE standards
Ethernet – media access control (MAC) layer
IEEE 802.2 and Ethernet SNAP
OSI and the IEEE 802.3 standard
Ethernet transceivers
NIC
Standard Ethernet limitations
Ethernet types
Twisted-pair hubs
100 Mbps Ethernet
Switches and switching hubs
Comparison of Fast Ethernet
Exercises
TCP/IP
482
36.1
36.2
36.3
36.4
36.5
36.6
36.7
36.8
36.9
36.10
36.11
36.12
36.13
36.14
36.15
482
483
483
484
485
486
491
491
492
493
495
497
499
501
506
Introduction
TCP/IP gateways and hosts
Function of the IP protocol
Internet datagram
ICMP
TCP/IP internets
Domain name system
Internet naming structure
Domain name server
Bootp protocol
Example network
IP Ver6
Transmission control protocol
TCP/IP commands
Exercises
WinSock Programming
507
37.1
37.2
37.3
37.4
507
507
516
516
Introduction
Windows Sockets
Practical Win32 program
Exercises
Java (Introduction)
517
38.1
38.2
38.3
38.4
38.5
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.9
38.10
38.11
38.12
38.13
38.14
38.15
38.16
38.17
517
519
520
521
523
527
530
532
535
536
538
539
541
541
543
545
548
Introduction
Standalone programs
Data types
Characters and strings
Java operators
Selection statements
Loops
Classes
Constructors
Method overloading
Static methods
Constants
Package statements
Import statements
Mathematical operations
Arrays
Exercises
Java (Events and Windows)
553
39.1
39.2
39.3
39.4
39.5
553
553
554
555
556
Introduction
Applet tag
Creating an applet
Applet basics
The paint() object
Contents
39.6
39.7
39.8
39.9
39.10
39.11
39.12
39.13
39.14
39.15
39.16
39.17
39.18
39.19
39.20
39.21
39.22
39.23
39.24
39.25
39.26
40
A
B
C
D
E
Index
Java events
Java 1.0 and Java 1.1
Initialization and exit methods
Mouse events in Java 1.0
Mouse event handling in Java 1.1
Mouse selection in Java 1.0
Keyboard input in Java 1.0
Keyboard events in Java 1.1
Buttons and events
Action with Java 1.0
Action Listener in Java 1.1
Checkboxes
Item listener in Java 1.1
Radio buttons
Pop-up menu choices
Other pop-up menu options
Multiple menus
Menu bar
List box
File dialog
Exercises
xiii
556
557
558
559
560
562
564
566
568
568
571
574
574
576
577
579
581
582
584
587
588
Java (Networking)
590
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.5
40.6
40.7
40.8
590
590
592
598
602
604
607
608
Introduction
HTTP protocol
Java networking functions
Connecting to a WWW site
Socket programming
Creating a socket
Client/server program
Exercises
RS-232/Parallel Port
609
A.1
A.2
A.3
A.4
609
610
613
613
RS-232
Parallel port
PC connections
Parallel port connection
ASCII Character Codes
Win32
615
618
C.1
C.2
C.3
C.4
618
626
627
628
Window classes
WNDCLASS
Messages
Win32 functions
Modem Codes
648
D.1
D.2
D.3
648
651
652
AT commands
Result codes
S-registers
Quick Reference
656
658
xiv PC Interfacing, Communications and Windows Programming