Download 8.1 Electric Potential Energy and Voltage Name: Date: Block

8.1 Electric Potential Energy and Voltage
Name:
Date:
Block:
(Reference: BC Science 9 pp. 270 – 279)
Storm clouds and batteries both separate _____________ and
__________________ charges.

battery: ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Technically, a battery consists of more than one electrochemical cell.
o electrochemical cell: a device that converts
_______________ energy into __________________
energy stored in _______________ (electrons).

In a battery, chemical energy ____________________ the positive
and negative charges on to ____________________.
o terminals: _____________________________________
_____________________________________________

negative terminal: ___________ electrons

positive terminal: __________ electrons
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY

Energy is the ability to do work.
o kinetic energy: _________________________________
_____________________________________________
o potential energy: ________________________________
_____________________________________________
The electrical energy stored in a battery is called
________________ ____________________ ______________

When a battery is connected to a device, the electrons flow
from the _________________ terminal of the battery through
a device and return to the ________________ terminal of the
battery.
o In the device, electric energy is converted into other
forms of energy, such as _______, _________, or
________ energy.
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

potential difference:________________________________
_________________________________________________
o unit= ________ (___)
o named after Alessandro Volta who invented the first battery
(1799).
o Measured by a ______________________

Voltage is __________________ to the distance that the charges
have been separated.
o Ex. 1.5 V on a battery means a potential difference of 1.5 V.
COMPARING POTENTIAL ENERGY AND POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
The amount of energy stored in a battery (potential energy) depends
on two things:
1. ___________________________________
(________________)

How far the electrons have been separated

Unit: ____________

The _______________ of the battery

amount of energy the electrons carry

Ex. 1.5 V
2. _________________________________________
_____________________________________
(_____________).


How many electrons have been separated

Unit: ____________________

The _________ of the battery

The number of electrons

Ex. AA battery
AAA, AA, C, and D batteries are all 1.5 V but are different
sizes. D batteries are the largest, so have the most
_______________ that can be separated = greatest potential
energy.
PRODUCING VOLTAGE
The amount of voltage a battery produces depends on two parts:
1. electrolyte: ________________________________________
2. electrodes: ________________________________________

usually made of _______ ______________ __________ (ex.
zinc and copper), but can be a metal and another material.

Batteries are classified into two groups:
1. Dry Cells

electrolyte is a __________ ______________
o usually an alkaline material

used in devices like flashlights, watches and portable electronics.
2. Wet Cells

electrolyte is a _____________
o ex. dilute sulphuric acid

used in cars, motorcycles, etc.
**Both produce voltage in a similar way.
How a battery works

When a zinc and copper electrode are placed in an acidic electrolyte,
through chemical reaction the electrolyte:
o pulls atoms off the zinc electrode, leaving behind electrons on the
electrode, causing it to become __________________ charged.
o pulls electrons off the copper electrode, causing it to become
_________________ charged.

The resulting opposite charge on each electrode creates a
________________ _________________ (voltage) between
the two electrodes.
FIVE SOURCES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY (Refer to Table 8.1 p. 274)
Electrical Energy Sources
1.
Definition
Rubbing two materials together can
separate charge.
2.
Types of crystals (ex. quartz), that
when squeezed separate charge on
either side of the crystal.
When light hits some semi- conducting
materials (ex. silicon), electrons break
off the surface of the material.
Device used to transform heat energy
into electrical energy. Is a loop of two
wires of different metals joined at both
ends. When heated or cooled, charge is
separated and voltage created.
3.
4.
5.
A wire moves close to a magnet or vice
versa, a voltage is created across the
wire. In BC, use hydroelectric energy as
energy source to move the wire or
magnet.
SUMMARY:
Example