Download Blood and Circulation (Student Support)

Wellsway School Science Team
Curriculum 2006
Triple Science - Biology workbook
BLOOD AND
CIRCULATION
WORKBOOK
Name:_________________
Tutor Group:____________
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Wellsway School Science Team
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Curriculum 2006
Triple Science - Biology workbook
Transport and Water Relations
2. BLOOD AND CIRCULATION
OBJECTIVES:
Why do animals need a circulatory system?
How does the heart work?
What is blood and why is it important?
By the end of this topic you should:
(a) Understand the need for and the structure of the human circulatory system and know
that there are two separate circulations, one to the lungs and one to the other organs of
the body.
(b) Be able to draw and label diagrams of a white blood cell/phagocyte and a red blood
cell and know the differences between them; know the functions of the four main parts of
the blood: red cells, platelets, plasma, white cells.
(c) Observe a dissected/model of heart and examine prepared slides of blood smears.
(d) Know that the heart
• pumps blood around the body,
• is made mainly of muscle
• has its own blood supply through the coronary vessels and that the blood flows to the
organs through arteries and returns to the heart through veins.
(e) Recognise and label on a given diagram of the heart: the atria, ventricles, valves,
pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta and vena cava
(f) Be able to describe the passage of blood through the heart including the functions of
the valves in preventing backflow of blood.
(g) Know that in the organs blood flows through very small blood vessels called
capillaries. Substances needed by cells pass/diffuse out of the blood to the tissues, and
substances produced by the cells pass/diffuse into the blood, through the walls of the
capillaries.
Look at the video, OR MSS presentation OR PowerPoint presentation, OR read your
textbook on BLOOD & CIRCULATION. Discuss the blood circulatory system with your
teacher.
a. Explain why a mammal’s circulatory system is called a DOUBLE circulation.
1. heart lungs heart
2. heart body heart
b. Draw a labelled diagram of the double circulatory system.
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Wellsway School Science Team
Curriculum 2006
Triple Science - Biology workbook
c. Explain why a double circulatory system is important in mammals.
3.
Discuss the different types of BLOOD VESSEL with your teacher. Complete the following
table comparing the 3 types:
ARTERIES
Drawing of
vessel
Main
function of
blood
vessel
Blood
carried –
main
circulation
Blood
carried –
lung
circulation
Direction of
blood flow
in vessel
Nature of
blood flow
Blood
pressure
Are valves
present?
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VEINS
CAPILLARIES
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Curriculum 2006
Triple Science - Biology workbook
Look at the video, OR MSS presentation OR PowerPoint presentation, OR read your
textbook on THE HEART. Discuss the heart with your teacher.
If possible, carry out a dissection of a sheep or pig heart using the separate
instructions.
Information gained from heart dissection:
Label the diagrams showing a front view and a section through a heart:
Wellsway School Science Team
Curriculum 2006
Triple Science - Biology workbook
What is the function of the valves?
To prevent backflow & maintain high pressure
What is the function of the CORONARY blood supply?
To supply heart MUSCLE with food & oxygen (& remove wastes)
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If you have finished….
Find out why the left ventricle of the heart is more than twice as thick and muscular as
the right ventricle.
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Curriculum 2006
Triple Science - Biology workbook
The action of the heart.
Look at the video, OR MSS presentation OR PowerPoint presentation, OR read your
textbook on THE ACTION OF THE HEART. Discuss the action of the heart with your
teacher.
The following statements describe how blood flows through the heart, to the lungs, back
to the heart and out to the body, but the sequence is incorrect. Read the statements
carefully and place them in the correct order, starting with statement 1 and ending with
statement 8. (You can re-write the statements, or just use the numbers.)
1 – deoxygenated blood from the body flows from the vena cava into the right atrium.
6 – blood is pumped from the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve into the right
ventricle
4 – blood is pumped from the right ventricle through the semi-lunar valve into the
pulmonary artery. The tricuspid valve closes to prevent backflow.
7 – blood passes from the pulmonary arteries through the lungs and into the pulmonary
veins.
3 – oxygenated blood from the lungs flows from the pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
5 – blood is pumped from the left atrium, through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle.
2 - blood is pumped from the left ventricle through the semi-lunar valve into the aorta.
The bicuspid valve closes to prevent backflow.
8 – blood passes from the aorta to the rest of the body.
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Curriculum 2006
Triple Science - Biology workbook
DON’T FORGET: when the heart beats, both atria contract at the same time, then ½
second later, both ventricles contract at the same time.
If you have finished…
Find out the meaning of the terms DIASTOLE and SYSTOLE.
Diastole:
Heart is relaxed (taking a short “breather” before the next beat!)
Systole:
Ventricles are contracting – heart is working at its hardest
9.
Look at the video, OR MSS presentation OR PowerPoint presentation, OR read your
textbook on BLOOD. Discuss the composition of the blood with your teacher.
a. LIST the 4 main components of the blood:
Red cells, white cells, platelets, plasma
b. LIST the main substances transported in BLOOD PLASMA:
Dissolved food, antibodies, wastes like urea, hormones,
plasma proteins, water (MAINLY)
c. Describe the function of BLOOD PLATELETS:
Blood clotting
d. Draw & label a RED BLOOD CELL:
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Curriculum 2006
Triple Science - Biology workbook
e. Describe the function of red blood cells:
Carry oxygen combined with haemoglobin =
oxy-haemoglobin
f. Draw & label a WHITE BLOOD CELL (a phagocyte):
g. Describe the function of phagocytes:
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Wellsway School Science Team
Curriculum 2006
Triple Science - Biology workbook
h. LIST the main differences between red and white blood cells:
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If you have finished….
Find out the function of LYMPHOCYTES:
11.
Examine a prepared slide of a blood smear (under the microscope OR a computer
image). Draw, label and annotate the drawing to show the blood cells visible:
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Curriculum 2006
Triple Science - Biology workbook
Well done! You have now completed the Blood & Circulation topic.
Now you need to revise your work in preparation for the Blood & Circulation test.
Useful web links:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/biology/humansasorganisms/1circulationrev2.shtml
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/circuln/heart.html
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/topic_principles.asp?loc=pr&topic_id=3&subject_id=17&ebt=45&ebn=&ebs=&ebl=&elc=4
http://www.purchon.com/biology/heart.htm
http://swgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage4/biology/pc/lessons/uk_ks4_blood_and_circulation/h-frame-ie.htm
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Glossary. (Muddled – sort them out!)
Aorta
Valve; prevents backflow of blood from left ventricle to left atrium
Arteries
Microscopic blood vessel; allows exchange of materials by
diffusion
Bicuspid valve
Largest artery in the body; passes blood from left ventricle to body
Blood
Thick walled blood vessels; carry blood away from heart
Capillary
Liquid medium which carries vital materials to / from all tissues
Circulatory system
Supply heart muscle with food & O2; cause heart attack if blocked
Coronary vessels
When the heart muscles are relaxed & atria fill with blood
Diastole
Arteries, veins, capillaries & heart; essential for circulating blood
Heart
Chamber which receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Muscular pump; vital for maintaining blood circulation through life
Left ventricle
Fluid part of the blood; carries food, hormones, wastes around
body
Lymphocytes
Small cell fragments essential for blood clotting
Phagocytes
White blood cells; engulf and destroy invading microbes like
bacteria
Plasma
Muscular heart chamber which pumps blood to aorta and body
Platelet
White blood cells; produce antibodies to destroy invading microbes
Pulmonary artery
Small biconcave cells which carry O2 from lungs to tissues
Pulmonary vein
Artery which carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
Red blood cells
Heart chamber which pumps blood to pulmonary artery and lungs
Right atrium
Vein which carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
Right ventricle
Chamber which receives deoxygenated blood from vena cava
Semi-lunar valves
Blood vessels which carry blood from organs back to the heart
Systole
Valve; prevents backflow of blood from right ventricle to right
atrium
Tricuspid valve
Cells which prevent infection by destroying invading microbes
Veins
Main vein which carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Vena cava
Valves; prevent backflow of blood from arteries to ventricles
White blood cells
When heart muscles contract and pump blood out of the heart
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Curriculum 2006
QUESTIONS ON BLOOD & CIRCULATION
Triple Science - Biology workbook
Wellsway School Science Team
Curriculum 2006
Triple Science - Biology workbook
GCSE - WJEC
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