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SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors Earth Systems and Patterns • The scientific theory of the evolution of Earth states that changes in our planet are driven by the flow of energy and the cycling of matter through dynamic interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, and biosphere, and the resources used to sustain human civilization on Earth. DAY 1 • THUNDERSTORMS • What causes a thunderstorm? Severe Storms Thunderstorms Occurrence of Thunderstorms • At any given time, there are an estimated 2000 thunderstorms in progress on Earth. The greatest number occur in the tropics where warmth, plentiful moisture, and instability are common atmospheric conditions. Development of Thunderstorms Thunderstorms form when warm, humid air rises in an unstable environment. VOCABULARY thunderstorm lightning tornado Thunderstorms and Tornadoes Thunderstorms form in warm, moist, unstable air. They produce lightning, a discharge of electricity. 0° 0° 0° Heavy rain 1. Cumulus Stage Air rises 2. Mature Stage and a cumulus cloud forms. The rising air is called an updraft. The updraft prevents precipitation from reaching the ground. The precipitation becomes heavy enough to fall through the updraft and reach the ground. The falling precipitation creates a downdraft. Light rain 3. Dissipating Stage The downdraft weakens the updraft, eventually cutting off the supply of moist air rising to the cloud. The cloud begins to evaporate. Stages in the Development of a Thunderstorm What causes a thunderstorm? Thunderstorms form when warm, humid air rises in an unstable environment. DAY 2 TORNADOES & HURRICANES What kind of front is associated with the formation of tornadoes? Explain why a hurricane quickly loses its strength as the storm moves onto land. Severe Storms Tornadoes Tornadoes are violent windstorms that take the form of a rotation column of air called a vortex. The vortex extends downward from a cumulonimbus cloud. Occurrence and Development of Tornadoes • Most tornadoes form in association with severe thunderstorms. • A mesocyclone is a vertical cylinder of rotating air that develops in the updraft of a thunderstorm. Thunderstorms and Tornadoes Tornadoes can develop in thunderstorms containing rotating updrafts. Mesocyclone Inflow Wall cloud Inflow Tornado Formation of a Mesocyclone What kind of front is associated with the formation of tornadoes? Tornadoes often form in thunderstorms that develop along cold fronts because air masses on either side of the front have very different temperature and moisture conditions. Satellite View of Hurricane Floyd Severe Storms Hurricanes Whirling tropical cyclones that produce winds of at least 119 kilometers per hour are known in the United States as hurricanes. Severe Storms Hurricanes Occurrence of Hurricanes • Most hurricanes form between about 5 and 20 degrees north and south latitude. The North Pacific has the greatest number of storms, averaging 20 per year. Severe Storms Hurricanes Development of Hurricanes • Hurricanes develop most often in the late summer when water temperatures are warm enough to provide the necessary heat and moisture to the air. Explain why a hurricane quickly loses its strength as the storm moves onto land. There is not sufficient moisture . The rough land surface causes winds to subside. DAY 3 • Compare/ Contrast Hurricanes and Tornadoes Create a Chart of Tornadoes and Hurricanes • Include the following information: –Location –Associated storms –Pressures associated with storm FCIM QUIZ • Day 4