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Key Refrigerant Choice Factors & How Risks are Determined Daikin assesses four basic factors when making the best balanced refrigerant choice for each application Comprehensive assessment based on 1)Safety 2)Environmental Impact 3)Energy Efficiency 4)Cost-Effectiveness ● “Safe” is defined in ISO Guide 51 ■Freedom from risk which is not tolerable Concept of Tolerable Risk ● Tolerable risks in Japan (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry [METI]) 1. Chemical factory: 1/100K [accident/year・site] 2. Car: 1/10M [accident/year・unit] 3. Home appliance: 1/100M [accident/year・unit] for every 1M units on the market About 1 accident per 100 years A2L Refrigerant Risk Assessments & Current R32 Regulated Status Application Cooling Capacity [kW] Ignition probability when used in room Charge size [kg] [No measures, Number/AC/year] Risk during operation Regulation GWP ban Result Residential 3.9×10-15 2.2~8 0.5~2 (residential room・ No mechanical ventilation) 4.2×10-12 Light commercial 3.6~28 More than above 3~19 More than above VRF 14~150 5~88 (Need a measure for floor standing indoor unit) No GWP≦750 (2020) Acceptable (Office・ No mechanical ventilation) (Need a measure for floor standing indoor unit and outdoor unit installed at narrow space) 7.6×10-13 Acceptable (Office・ No mechanical ventilation) (Need a measure for floor standing indoor unit and outdoor unit installed at narrow space) 7.6×10-9 No GWP≦750 (2018) Acceptable (Office・ No ventilation during night time) Need a measure 6.2×10-5 Need a regulatory requirement (according to charge size. room size) Yes to No Under consideration Relaxed Under consideration Relaxed Under consideration Water source chiller 8~1400 Source: Final report of mildly flammable risk assessment (2015) 1~7000 (Machine room/no ventilation) (Upon equipment capacity) R32 units have penetrated markets worldwide Daikin sold about 8 million units in 50 countries About 20 million R32 RAC units have been sold in the world More than 27million tons of CO2 were reduced by R32 (Estimation as of Aug. 2016 by Daikin) *1 In case of 1.3kg (including extra charging when installation) of refrigerant charge. Refrigerant charge volume reduction and improvement of Energy Efficiency derived from R32 use are not considered. Russia JP: 1 company Europe JP 3 companies Turkey JP: 1 company Taiwan Japan Saudi/UAE/Oman India JP: 3 companies JP: 1 company Malaysia JP: 1 company Singapore JP: 1 company Indonesia JP: 3 companies * Based on press release or catalog information USA JP: 1 company TW: 1 company JP: 8 companies Vietnam JP: 2 companies Philippine KR: 1 company (Window) US: 1 company (Window) Thailand JP: 3 companies TH: 2 companies JP: 2 companies Phil: 1 company Australia/New Zealand JP: 4 companies CN: 1 company EU: 1 company