Download Concept of Tolerable Risk

Key Refrigerant Choice Factors & How Risks are Determined
 Daikin assesses four basic factors when making the
best balanced refrigerant choice for each application
Comprehensive assessment based on
1)Safety 2)Environmental Impact 3)Energy Efficiency 4)Cost-Effectiveness
● “Safe” is defined in ISO Guide 51
■Freedom from risk which is not tolerable
Concept of
Tolerable Risk
● Tolerable risks in Japan (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
[METI])
1. Chemical factory: 1/100K [accident/year・site]
2. Car: 1/10M [accident/year・unit]
3. Home appliance: 1/100M [accident/year・unit] for every 1M units on
the market
About 1 accident per 100 years
A2L Refrigerant Risk Assessments & Current R32 Regulated Status
Application
Cooling
Capacity [kW]
Ignition probability
when used in room
Charge size
[kg]
[No measures,
Number/AC/year]
Risk during
operation
Regulation
GWP ban
Result
Residential
3.9×10-15
2.2～8
0.5～2
（residential room・
No mechanical
ventilation)
4.2×10-12
Light commercial
3.6～28
More than
above
3～19
More than
above
VRF
14～150
5～88
(Need a measure for
floor standing indoor
unit）
No
GWP≦750
（2020）
Acceptable
（Office・
No mechanical
ventilation）
（Need a measure for
floor standing indoor unit
and outdoor unit installed
at narrow space）
7.6×10-13
Acceptable
（Office・
No mechanical
ventilation）
（Need a measure for
floor standing indoor unit
and outdoor unit installed
at narrow space）
7.6×10-9
No
GWP≦750
（2018）
Acceptable
（Office・
No ventilation during
night time）
Need a measure
6.2×10-5
Need a regulatory
requirement
（according to charge
size. room size)
Yes to
No
Under
consideration
Relaxed
Under
consideration
Relaxed
Under
consideration
Water source chiller
8～1400
Source: Final report of mildly flammable risk assessment (2015)
1～7000
（Machine room/no
ventilation）
（Upon equipment
capacity）
R32 units have penetrated markets worldwide
 Daikin sold about 8 million units in 50 countries
 About 20 million R32 RAC units have been sold in the world
 More than 27million tons of CO2 were reduced by R32
(Estimation as of Aug. 2016 by Daikin)
*1 In case of 1.3kg (including extra charging when installation) of refrigerant charge. Refrigerant charge volume reduction and
improvement of Energy Efficiency derived from R32 use are not considered.
Russia
JP: 1 company
Europe
JP 3 companies
Turkey
JP: 1 company
Taiwan
Japan
Saudi/UAE/Oman
India
JP:
3 companies
JP: 1 company
Malaysia
JP: 1 company
Singapore
JP: 1 company
Indonesia
JP: 3 companies
* Based on press release or catalog information
USA
JP: 1 company
TW: 1 company
JP: 8 companies
Vietnam
JP: 2 companies
Philippine
KR: 1 company
(Window)
US: 1 company
(Window)
Thailand
JP: 3 companies
TH: 2 companies
JP: 2 companies
Phil: 1 company
Australia/New Zealand
JP: 4 companies
CN: 1 company
EU: 1 company