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Brinkley, Chapter 7 “The Jeffersonian Era” Main themes of Chapter Seven: How Americans expressed their burgeoning cultural independence through republican education, literature, and religious revivalism The impact of industrialism on the United States and its people, particularly with regard to agricultural technology and transportation The domestic questions and foreign entanglements of Thomas Jefferson's presidency, including Marbury v. Madison, the Louisiana Purchase, the settling of the West, and the impressment and embargo controversies The response of the American people and their political system to the nation's physical expansion, and the reaction of Native American groups to this expansion The growing conflict between British naval policies and American self-identity that led to the War of 1812, and its ultimate consequences for the young American nation A thorough study of Chapter Seven should enable the student to understand the following: 1. The role of republican education in creating a "virtuous and enlightened citizenry" 2. The American cultural and nationalist aspirations beginning to emerge in the first two decades of the nineteenth century 3. The effects of the revolutionary experience on American religion, and the changing religious patterns that helped bring on the Second Great Awakening 4. The growing industrialism of America and the important advances made in technology and transportation during Jefferson's presidency, belying the simple, agrarian republic envisioned by the Jeffersonians 5. The political philosophy of Thomas Jefferson, and the extent to which he was able to adhere to his philosophy while president 6. The origins and compromises that led to the creation of Washington, D.C. as America's capital 7. The Jeffersonian-Federalist struggle over the judiciary—its causes, the main points of conflict, and the importance of the outcome for the future of the nation 8. President Jefferson's constitutional reservations concerning the Louisiana Purchase, and the significance of his decision to accept the bargain 9. The reasons for President Jefferson's sponsorship of the Lewis and Clark expedition, and the importance of that expedition 10. The strange story of Aaron Burr, his duel with Alexander Hamilton, and his trial for "conspiracy" 11. The problems caused by Tecumseh's attempts at confederation and by the Spanish presence in Florida as Americans surged westward 12. The motivations behind Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's strategy of "peaceable coercion," and why it ultimately failed 13. The international events leading up to the War of 1812, and the domestic forces encouraging the war 14. The extent of the opposition to the American war effort, and the ways in which the New England Federalists attempted to show their objections 15. The end of the War of 1812, and the treaties accompanying it 16. The comparative role of the United States in the "global industrial revolution" that originated in Great Britain Key Persons / Events / Terms / Concepts A system of free public schools for a strong republic (educated citizens) “virtuous citizens” “republican motherhood” (connected to virtuous citizens) Judith Sargent Murray “uplifting” Native Americans The burgeoning of institutions of higher education U Penn medical school Benjamin Rush Cultural nationalism: Jedidiah Morse, Noah Webster, Washington Irving Religious skepticism, deism, Unitarianism Second Great Awakening Cane Ridge, KY (“revivalism”) Peter Cartwright Effects of the new evangelicalism Revivalism and the African American community Revivalism and the Native American community Early industrial revolution (with small “r”) = textile mills Samuel Slater Moses Brown, Pawtucket, RI Eli Whitney, cotton gin and interchangeable parts Transportation revolution (small “r”) = steamboats, turnpikes Robert Fulton Jefferson and “the Federal City” Pierre L’Enfant Jefferson’s presidential style as opposed to that of GW and JA Conflict with the Barbary pirates Adams and “midnight judges” Judiciary Act of 1789 Marbury v. Madison Judicial review John Marshall Samuel Chase and the significance of his impeachment Toussaint L’Overture Haitian revolution Robert Livingston and Jefferson’s mission to buy New Orleans The Louisiana Purchase (and “Jefferson’s quandary”) Louis and Clark’s expedition The “Essex Junto” and “Northern Confederacy” Hamilton v. Burr (what was the duel about?) Gen. James Wilkinson and the “Burr conspiracy” The two conflicts during Jefferson’s presidency Napoleon’s “Continental system” v. the British “Orders in Council” Impressment Chesapeake-Leonard incident “peaceable coercion” Embargo Act of 1807 William Henry Harrison v. Tecumseh Tecumseh and “the Prophet” and the pan-Indian alliance Battle of Tippicanoe Problems with Spanish Florida “war hawks” Henry Clay (KY) and John C. Calhoun (SC) War of 1812: war on the Great Lakes (Oliver Perry) War of 1812: British invasion of mid-Atlantic states and burning of Washington DC (Ft. McHenry) War of 1812: Indian wars in West FL and AL, Battle of Horseshoe Bend Battle of New Orleans, “hero” of New Orleans The Hartford Convention Treaty of Ghent Rush-Bagot Agreement