Download War on Terrorism PowerPoint PDF

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
Sunni vs. Shiite Muslims
1. 1,400 years ago both sides split over who
should be the leader of the Islam religion.
2. These two groups believe that the other
side is corrupting Islam and that the other
group should be eliminated.
3. After WWI, the Treaty of Versailles ignored
this split, and new borders in the middle
east created by the Treaty ignored the split
in these groups causing conflict.
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4.
5.
Both Sides have a small radical faction
that believes in a literal interpretation of
Islam and calls for the elimination of
anyone who does not see it their way.
This is where terrorism comes from.
Al-Qaida, Boca Hiram, Houthis,
(Yemen)and ISIS are some of the terrorist
groups that represent this small faction.
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The second major reason for terrorism today is
the creation of Israel.
2. One thing that both the Sunnis and Shiites
agree on is that Israel should not exist.
3. At the time when Israel was created in 1948 all
Islamic countries felt that Israel should have
never been created and that Palestine
should have been an independent Arab
state. Since then some Islamic countries have
recognized the existence of Israel based upon
the borders created by the UN in 1948.
4. The creation of Israel, and the conflict
between radical Sunni and Shiite Muslims
continue to be the major sources of conflict
and terrorism today.
1.
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 In
1917, in the spirit of the Treaty
of Versailles to allow people to
regain control of their lands,
the British sympathized with the
Zionist movement and issued
the Balfour Declaration in favor
of a Jewish homeland within
Palestine.
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1.
Region of land claimed by the Arab
Palestinians as their homeland for many
centuries; HOWEVER, the Jews have what they
claim as the original religious connection to the
land.
2.
Region important to Jews, Christians, and
Muslims because this is where much of what is
written in the Old Testament, the New
Testament, and the Qur’an took place. There
are many religious sites in Palestine sacred to all
three religions. The most important of these are
in Jerusalem.
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
After WWI all Arabs within Palestine were promised they would be
granted the right of self-determination.
› Self-determination: the right to decide their own political future.

Some fighting between Arabs and Jews.
› Arabs boycotted Jewish businesses, burned bridges and destroyed
crops.
› Many Jews retaliated against the Arabs. Many people died.


Britain passed a law restricting the number of Jews to Palestine
1933 Adolf Hitler became leader of Nazi Germany and began
persecuting all Jewish people of Europe.
› By 1939 many Jews fled to Palestine increasing their numbers to over
445,000 Jews.
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prejudice (dislike for a group of people)
 discrimination (unfair treatment of a
group of people)


Dislike, unfair treatment, and hostility
toward Jews (people belonging to the
Jewish ethnic group and believing in
Judaism)
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the
systematic plan by
German leader Adolph
Hitler and his Nazi Party to
murder all Jews prior and
during World War II we now
call this the Holocaust.
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What do you notice about the
emigration pattern? How many go to
Palestine?
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 As
we know WWII ends with an
allied victory and an
international organization called
the UN composed of most of the
countries of the world
› Promote peace, security, and
economic development in the
world.
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
By the end of WWII in 1945 over 6,000,000 Jews had been killed
by Nazi Germany.
› This is called the Holocaust.

UN Creation of Modern Israel:
1.
Many Jewish organizations demanded that Britain allow more Jews into
Palestine and help create their own state.
 1947 The United Nations (UN) took control over Palestine & the British
government withdrew it’s occupation and control
2. After WWII The UN decided to split Palestine into two countries: Israel &
Palestine
 Many Arabs were angry over this and went to war with Israel.

By 1948 Israel controlled almost all of Palestine.
› Both Jordan and Egypt claimed the rest of Palestine
› Palestinians left without a country!
 The war cost many Palestinians their land and homes forcing them into UN
refugee camps (5 million are still in the camps) – Many are attracted to terrorism.
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states
that Jews
anywhere in the world
can immigrate to Israel
and become citizens
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1949 many Palestinians took refuge in the Gaza strip which was controlled by Egypt.
› Gaza Strip is a narrow strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea that is occupied
by over 750,000 Palestinian refugees.
1967 Israel went to war with Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. Israel won and took
control over the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
› West Bank: Located on the eastern border of Israel and Jordan. Over one million
Palestinian refugees remained in the West Bank. Those that left could not return to
their homes.
1967-1991: the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Israeli government
conducted terrorist and military attacks against each other. 1973 Yom Kippur War
› During this time many Israeli citizens moved to both the Gaza Strip and the West
Bank.
1991-2000:Israel and the PLO met in Madrid, Spain to discuss peace talks. Israel
handed over political control of Gaza Strip and many cities within the West Bank to the
Palestinians.
› Mistrust between the Israeli government towards the Palestinians and the peace
treaty irrupted into a violent conflict. Hundreds died.
Today the Gaza Strip and West Bank are petitioning the UN to become a
separate country based on the borders created in 1949.
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
An embassy is the center for a country's
diplomatic (working)affairs within the
borders of another nation, serving as the
headquarters of the chief of mission, staff
and other agencies. An embassy is
usually located in the capital city of a
foreign nation; there may also be
consulates located in provincial or
regional cities
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1.
2.
3.
Ever since oil was discovered in 1908, Iran
had great interest from the West. (Britain
and U.S.)
U.S. does not get involved much with Iran
until 1953 when the Iran leadership looked
to form a strong alliance with the Soviets.
As a result the U.S. intelligence helps oust
the leadership in Iran and consolidate all of
the power under the Shah (King) of Iran.
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4.
5.
6.
With a steady flow of oil from the ground
and military equipment from the U.S. the
Shah lead Iran into a great period of
wealth for Iran.
Due to all of the influence of the United
States & Western Europe, there was
growing resentment with the Iranians that
wanted the Shah to be removed and a
revolution begins.
The U.S. takes the Shah into protection here
in America as his citizens continue to
threaten him during the revolution.
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7.
8.
9.
With the news of the Shah being protected
by Americans, the American embassy is
attacked and 60 Americans are taken
Hostage.
Iranians vowed not to release the
Americans until the Shah was returned to
Iran along with billions of dollars that
Iranians claimed he stole from the country.
U.S. embargos oil from Iran to try to get
Hostages back.
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10.
11.
12.
13.
Economic pressure on Iran failed and the
Hostages remained in Iran.
President Carter faced criticism for the
failure to free hostages and Ronald
Reagan gets elected into office.
Eventually the Iran government releases
the hostages due to economic sanctions,
and crisis ends.
The crisis still has lasting effect on U.S.
today, had an economic impact in the
70’s, and helped Ronald Reagan get
elected into the White House in 1980.
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Diverse
Nation
Conquered in past by:
› Persians, Romans, Ottomans,
British
Won Independence from
Great Britain in 1919
1978 Civil War
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Communist government in the country was in
trouble in the late 70’s because it conflicted
with the beliefs of the Muslim people living
there. (Everyone equal in communism
conflicts with conservative Muslims).
2. As a result communism was about to be
removed from region when the Soviets get
involved to keep communism in the country.
3. The Soviets invade the country and get
involved in Afghanistan's civil war….
Communism vs. Non communism. WHAT DOES
THIS REMIND YOU OF?
1.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
The rebel groups that were against the
Soviets used guerilla warfare to fight.
The Soviets unprepared for this as well as
their nation’s economic state in trouble,
the Soviets begin to lose the fight.
The U.S. assists this rebel group called the
Mujahedeen with weapons. (We will talk
about this group later)
Eventually in 1988, the Soviets withdraw
from Afghanistan without a victory.
Again…. what does this remind you of?
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The war cost the Soviets greatly.
 As a result of the war, there is instability in
the region which is still the case in
present day.
 As a result of the war the Soviets go
billions in debt and with their economy
struggling, it weakens the Soviets and
arguably is a factor that caused the
downfall of the Soviet Union.

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


1979 Soviet Invasion  Beat USSR in 89’ w/ USA
aid
1989 – 1996 – Civil War  Taliban wins
Taliban “seekers of knowledge” govt. in power
› Harsh & repressive government
› Radical Muslims (Terrorist Groups)
› Al-Qaida the Taliban's ally, does not like
U.S. and plans to attack the West to get
rid of their influence in the Middle East
under the direction of Osama Bin Laden
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1.
Iraq’s Saddam Hussein brutal dictator invaded Kuwait in 1990.
(Oil Rich Nation claims they belong to Iraq)
2.
The attack shocked the United States—who depended on the
region’s oil.
3.
Reports of mass killings/torture by Iraqi troops surfaced.
4.
The UN imposed sanctions but the deadline passed. Kuwait
part of UN.
5.
On January 16, 1991, the U.S.-led force with 38 other countries
attacked. War starts during news (Air Attack)
6.
6 weeks into bombing, a massive ground attack begins and
within 100 hours Kuwait is liberated from Iraq.
7.
Operation Desert Storm was a successful, conventional war –
President H. W. Bush refuses to attack Bagdad & oust Saddam
Hussein – fears Iraq civil war and destabilize entire region
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1.
Is an unlawful act of violence
2.
Intimidates governments or societies
through fear.
3.
Goal is to achieve political, religious or
ideological objectives
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

Domestic terrorism involves groups and /or
individuals whose terrorist activities are
directed at elements of our government
without foreign involvement. Oklahoma
City is a primary example.
International terrorism involves groups and/
or individuals whose terrorist activities are
foreign-based and/or directed by countries
or groups outside the United States. Sept. 11
is an example of International Terrorism.
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Firearms
 Explosive and Incendiary Devices
 Chemical Agents
 Biological Agents
 Nuclear Weapon

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Chemical agents kill or incapacitate
people, destroy livestock or ravage
crops
 Some agents are odorless and tasteless
 They can have an immediate or a
delayed effect

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 Sarin
nerve agent attacked the Tokyo
subway system in March 20, 1995
 12 people were killed and 53 were
seriously injured
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Dispersal of microbes or their toxins to
produce illness, death and terror
 The paths of infection can be
contaminated water, food, air and
packages.
 Microbes

› Bacteria
› Viruses
› Toxins
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



Spreading of radioactive materials
through ventilation system or explosion
Disable nuclear reactor cooling system
and cause leakage of radioactive
materials
Detonate a nuclear weapon
No use of nuclear material for non-military
terrorism has ever occurred
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Average
death per
year
From
terrorism
From all
causes
Proportion
(%)
1990’s
8
2534203
0.0003
2001
2893
2404624
0.12
45
Smoking 10 cigarettes a day
One in 200
All natural causes age 40
One in 850
Road accident
One in 8,000
Playing soccer
One in 25,000
Homicide
One in 100,000
Terrorism attack in 2001
One in 100,000
Hit by lightning
One in 10,000,000
Terrorism attack in 1990’s
One in 50,000,000
Penguin Books, 1987
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



The risk of dying from terrorism was
extremely low in 1990’s, and was still
relatively low compared with some diseases
in 2001
But the death rate increased by 500 times in
2001 due to Sept. 11
Overall the death rate of terrorism has not
been high
Despite the low risk, shock, surprise and fear
engulfed the United States and world
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The only thing we
have to fear is
fear itself. FDR, 1933
Fears are educated into us & can,
if we wish, be educated out. — Karl A. Menninger
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
Both Islamic Radical groups (Shiite and
Sunni) believe that western culture is
destroying their culture, economy and
way of life
› They want the West to leave the Middle East
or be eliminated.

This includes Middle Eastern nations who
are friendly to the United States, Western
Europe and their associated cultures.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
1993: World Trade Center gets bombed 6
are killed.
1998: U.S. embassy in Africa Bombed by AlQaida 300 killed
2000: USS Cole bombed 17 killed
Bin Laden puts demands on U.S.
›
›
›
›
Get out of Israel and quit supporting them
Get out of Middle East
Let Muslims establish in the area again.
Makes threats to attack on American Soil.
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How does
this relate to
Afghanistan?
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1.
2.
3.
Terrorist hijacked four commercial
airplanes and planned to fly them into
several American targets.
8:50 a.m. the first plane flew into the
Tower One of the World Trade Center in
New York City.
9:04 a second plane flew into Tower Two.
By 10:30 both towers had crashed to the
ground causing the death of over 3,000
men, women and children.
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4.
5.
A third plane crashed
into the Pentagon at
9:38 a.m.
A fourth plane crashed
in a field in
Pennsylvania after the
passenger’s overtook
the terrorist.
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
After the Soviet Union withdrew from
Afghanistan, a radical Sunni Islamic
group called the Taliban using weapons
provided to them by the United States
took control of Afghanistan and gave
safe haven to a Sunni Terrorist group
called Al-Quida who was responsible for
the 9/11 attack.
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 Claims
responsibility for
attack on USA
 Taliban lets AlQaeda hide out in
their county
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
1996 Osama
bin Laden
moves from
Sudan to
Afghanistan

Leader of
Al-Qaeda
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 Invade
Afghanistan (Oct. 7,
2001)
 Mission:
› 1) Capture Osama bin Laden
› 2) Destroy Al-Qaeda network
› 3) Remove Taliban Regime
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October 2001 – the United States
launched a series of attacks on these
mountain hideouts.
 The Taliban government collapsed.

.
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As the war in
Afghanistan continued,
another Invasion of Iraq
by the U.S. forces took
place in in 2003.

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U.S. military intelligence indicated Saddam
Hussein was producing weapons of mass
destruction.
2. The invasion launched the Iraq War
3. U.S. President George W. Bush wanted to:
"disarm Iraq of weapons of mass
destruction; end Saddam Hussein's support for
terrorism; to free the Iraqi people”
4. After the toppling of Saddam Hussain the war
continued and no weapons of mass
destruction were never found.
1.
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


After the capture of
Saddam Hussein - the
people of Iraq had to
change their
government.
The US had an interest in
promoting democracy in
the Middle East.
Iraq is now a democratic
government today... But
why is there still fighting?
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The United States is trying to
keep the peace in Iraq – but
the country went into a civil
war.
Sunni Muslims (minority group
in Iraq) do not want the Shia
Muslims (majority group) to
control the government –
which leads to violence.
Creates a Vacuum for
Terrorism.
ISIS (Sunni group) gets in
control of many areas of the
country.
This is exactly what was
predicted by Bush’s father.
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
Because there were no weapons of mass destruction
found, many believe that we should not have
invaded Iraq. Conflicts between the Sunni and Shiites
continue.

In Afghanistan,Taliban no longer in control
› Yet Taliban re-emerged (quadrupled in size) in SE
Afghanistan & now parts of Pakistan because the U.S.
military focus shifted to Iraq. NATO was not powerful
enough to stop the Taliban from gaining more control
after we focused in Iraq. After U.S. finishes in Iraq, The
United States reinforces NATO troops and gains a
stronghold on the Taliban in Afghanistan and U.S. forces
find and kill Bin Laden in a compound in Pakistan on May
2nd 2011
› New Government in Afghanistan
 Unstable government however the United States is still
working with Afghanistan to reorganize their government.
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