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Protection Passed On Causes What is it? Gonorrhoea A common sexually transmitted infection. Recent trends show that more and more people are becoming infected. If left untreated it can be painful and can cause serious health problems such as infertility in both men and women. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can damage the body’s defence system so that it cannot fight off some infections. There is currently no cure or vaccine to prevent people becoming infected with HIV. Bacteria which are easily passed from one person to another through sexual contact. It can be passed on without knowing. Chlamydia Syphilis One of the most common sexually transmitted infections. If untreated it can become painful and cause serious health problems such as infertility. It has been relatively rare in the UK for several decades, but recent trends show that more people are becoming infected. If left untreated it can cause very serious health problems in both men and women. Bacteria which are easily passed from one person to another through sexual contact. It can be passed on without knowing. Bacteria which are easily passed from one person to another through sexual contact. It can be passed on without knowing. From one person to another during sex. Passed from one person to another if the blood, semen, preejaculation, vaginal fluids or breast milk of an infected person enters the body of an uninfected person. From one person to another during sex. From one person to another during sex. By skin-to-skin contact with someone who has syphilis sores or rashes. Use condoms for vaginal, anal and oral sex. Use a male or female condom. Always use condoms for anal sex. Use condoms for oral sex. Use condoms for vaginal, anal and oral sex. Use condoms for vaginal, anal and oral sex. Symptoms Gonorrhoea Women: • Unusual vaginal discharge • Pain when passing urine • Lower abdominal pain or tenderness Men: • Unusual discharge from the tip of the penis • Pain when passing urine • Pain or tenderness in the testicles HIV Some people experience flu-like symptoms a few days or weeks after infection. Symptoms may also include fever, a rash, swollen glands, a sore throat, mouth or throat ulcers aching joints. At least half of newly infected people are thought to experience some of these symptoms, but many people infected have no symptoms at all or mistake them for other illnesses. Chlamydia Women: • Unusual vaginal discharge • Pain when passing urine • Lower abdominal pain or tenderness • Bleeding between periods • Bleeding after sex • Pain and/or bleeding when you have sex Men: • Unusual discharge from the tip of the penis • Pain when passing urine • Painful swelling of the testicles Syphilis First stage: One or more sores will appear where the bacteria entered the body. The sores may take 2-6 weeks to heal. Second stage: A painless rash Flat, wart-looking growths around the vulva in women and around the anus in both men and women A flu-like illness, tiredness and loss of appetite, with swollen glands White patches on the tongue or roof of the mouth Patchy hair loss This stage is very infectious and may last several weeks or months. Third stage: When the infection remains untreated, it is called latent syphilis. During this stage, the person infected may have no further symptoms. However, after many years, untreated syphilis may start to cause very serious damage to the heart, brain, eyes, other internal organs, bones and nervous system. It could even be fatal. Treatment Further Info Gonorrhoea HIV Chlamydia Syphilis Early treatment of gonorrhoea is simple and usually involves having a single dose of antibiotics. Treatment is usually very effective, however some infections are resistant, particularly those caught abroad. At present, there is no cure for HIV, but there are drugs available to prevent or treat many of the illnesses that people with HIV are prone to. Early treatment of Chlamydia is simple and involves taking a course of antibiotic tablets. Treatment of first and second stage syphilis is simple and involves having a single antibiotic injection or a course of injections or taking antibiotic tablets or capsules. Treatment at any time during the first two stages of syphilis should cure the infection. By the third stage, syphilis is usually still treatable, but damage already done to your body can be permanent. www.fpa.org.uk www.fpa.org.uk www.fpa.org.uk www.fpa.org.uk http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articl es/article.aspx?articleID=516 http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articl es/article.aspx?articleID=196 http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articl es/article.aspx?articleID=99 http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articl es/article.aspx?articleId=580