Download PREJUDICE

PREJUDICE
Prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, racism, sexism: The terms often overlap. To
understand prejudice , let´s clarify the terms. Prejudice is an unjustifiable negative
attitude toward a group and its individual members.
Prejudice is prejudgment it baises us against a person based solely on the person´s
identification with particular group.
Prejudice is an attitude. Attitude is a discint combination of feelings , inclinations to
act, and belief.
The negative evaluation that mark prejudice can stem from emotional associations
,from the need to justify behavior , or from negative belief called stereotypes.To
stereotype is to generalize. We generalize all the time, for example: the British are
reserved, Americans are outgoing...
Prejudice is a negative attitude, discrimination is negative behavior. Discriminatory
behavior often, but not always , has its source in prejudicial attitudes. Attitudes and
behavior are often loosely linked, partly because our behavior reflects more than our
inner convictions.
Sexism and racism are institutional practices that discriminate , even when there is no
prejudicial intent.
Prejudice against women by men since fairy tales
Most heroes are masculine, and even animal
The largest study that touched children's books of the twentieth century has shown that
he can be seen in fairy tales gender bias - most of the main characters because they are
boys or men, while women are minor and often negative role - for example, witch or
stepmother. Surprisingly, the researchers found that the animal characters tend to be
more masculine than feminine.
Women in fairy tales
Results of the study, which was published in the April edition of the journal Gender &
Society, are based on an examination of nearly 6,000 books that were published
between 1900 and 2000. Previous studies have focused on the representation of male
and female characters in children's books often have limited scope and can not be
considered completely reliable. "We have read the entire book of the century. We were
surprised by one thing - the representation of women during the period 1900 to 2000
not improve at all, "said study lead author Janice McCabe from Florida State
University. During the period of major dominated in fairy tales male heroes.
In addition, the study found other interesting facts:
men are central figures of 57 percent of children's books, women only 31
percent
no more than 33 percent of children's books contain central characters - adult
women or female animals, but when it comes to men and males, they appear in every
single book
animal males are the main characters in more than 23 percent of books, while
females are only 7.5 percent of books
on average, 36.5 percent of books, studied separately for each year in the name
of the man, only 17.5 percent of titles includes women
Gender bias as a negative message
The study's authors say that the book has fabulous children sent a message that says:
"Women and girls are playing a less important role in society than men or boys." Since
children's books are "common plan dominant cultural values, meanings, and
expectations," it is considered quite negative factor because it has to do a children's
perceptions of their knowledge interferes gender prejudices. And despite the
apparently talking about sexually equal society and women are getting increasingly
important for social functions. Books contribute significantly to ensuring that children
understand what is expected of women and men as the shape and the way they
perceive their place in the world.
THE SCAPEGOAT THEORY
Scapegoat theory is a social psychological term that relates to prejudice.
According to this theory, people may be prejudice toward a group in order to vent their
anger. In essence, they use the group they dislike as their target for all of their
anger…as a vent. One example that has been suggested is the holocaust. According to
scapegoat theory, the Germans used the Jews as scapegoats for all of their countries
problems (which included economic problems across the country), focused all of their
anger on the Jews, allowed their anger and hatred to build, and focused all of their
anger, frustration, and problems on the Jews. (This is not "the" explanation for the
holocaust, but one component of it.)
A famous experiment by Neal Miller and Richard Bugelski 1948 confirmed the
spacegoat theory. They asked college-age man working at a summer camp to state
their attitudes toward Japanese and Mexicans. Some did so before , and then after,
being forced to stay in camp to take test rather than attend a longawaited free evening
at a local theather. Compared to a control group that did not undergo this frustration,
the deprived group afterward displayed increased prejudice. Passion provoked
prejudice.
One source of frustration is competition. When two groups compete for jobs, housing,
or social prestige, one group´s goal fulfillment can become the other group´s
frustration. Thus the realistic group conflict theory suggest that prejudice arises
when groups compete for scarce resources.
Realistic group conflict theory: The theory that prejudice arises from competition
between groups for scarce resources