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Chapter 9 Exercise 9.1 Q. 1. (i) 25 (ix) (−1)6 (ii) 8 = 16 (even power) (iii) 9 = 16 (iv) −343 Q. 3. −(−4)7 = (4)7? (v) 1 = −(−47) (vi) 1 Q. 2. = 47 (i) 43 = (odd power) (i) (7.8)3 Q. 4. (22)3 = 474.55 = 26 = 220 (even power) 6.55 (ii) ____2 2.3 = 2,193.37 = 220 (iii) (2.53)5 (ii) (−2)20 = 931,322.57 (iii) 619 (iv) 12.450 (iv) (−3)3 =1 = −33 (odd power) (v) 2.53 × 3.84 (v) (−5)12 = 3,258.03 = 512 (even power) (vi) ((5.1)2)3 × (2.8)2 (vi) −(−1)100 = 137,954.9 = −(1100) (6.2)2 (vii) _____3 (5.8) = 0.2 = −1100 (vii) −(7)3 = −73 (viii) (2.4)3 × (3.7)2 × (5.2)5 (viii) −(−11)3 = −(−113) = 719,538.26 (odd power) = 113 Q. 5. Index notation 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 Whole number 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 Index notation 3 32 33 34 35 36 Whole number 3 9 27 81 Index notation 4 42 43 44 45 46 Whole number 4 16 64 246 1,024 4,096 Index notation 9 92 93 94 95 96 Whole number 9 81 729 6,561 59,049 531,441 243 729 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions 1 (a) x = 2 or x=4 y=1 y=2 (b) x = 1 or x=2 y=2 or x=3 y=1 or x=2 y=1 Q. 7. or x=3 y=6 or y=2 (d) x = 1 x=6 y=3 y=4 (c) x = 1 Q. 6. or x=5 or x=7 y=3 or y=2 y=4 x=3 y=3 (i) 55 (iv) 48 (ii) 810 (v) 221 (ii) 26 (iii) 63 (vi) 37 (iii) 103 Q. 8. (iv) 77 (i) (−5)10 (v) 106 = 510 (even power) (vi) 8−6 (ii) (−2)9 = −29 (odd power) Q. 9. (iii) (−3)7 (iii) 1025 (iv) (−5)5 (iv) 430 = −55 (odd power) (v) 742 (v) (−7)8 = (i) 315 (ii) 620 = −37 (odd power) 78 (i) 31 (vi) 536 (even power) (vi) (−4)5 = −45 (odd power) Q. 10. Index notation 5 52 Whole number 5 25 53 54 125 625 55 56 3,125 15,625 (v) 253 × 6255 (i) 25 × 125 (iii) 625 × 25 = 52 × 53 = 54 × 52 = (52)3 × (54)5 = 55 = 56 = 56 × 520 = 526 (ii) 3,125 × 15,625 2 (iv) (15,625)11 = 55 × 56 = (56)11 = 511 = 566 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions (15,625)4 (vi) _________ (125)3 (56)4 = ____ (53)3 524 = ___ 59 = 515 Q. 11. (i) 26 Q. 2. ( ) (ii) 43 (iii) 641 1 = 6 __3 4 6 = ___ 64 3 = ___ 32 1 __ (iv) 4,0962 There are only 4 other ways. (ii) 2(7−2) Exercise 9.2 Q. 1. (i) ( ) 1 = 2 __2 7 2 = ___ 49 3−3 1 = __3 3 1 ___ = 27 (ii) (iii) 6(3−2) ( ) 1 = 6 __2 3 6 = __ 9 2 = __ 3 5−2 1 = __2 5 1 ___ = 25 (iv) 5(2−4) (iii) 9−2 ( ) 1 = 5 __4 2 5 = ___ 16 1 = __2 9 1 ___ = 81 (v) 2(8−2) (iv) 7−3 ( ) 1 = 2 __2 8 2 = ___ 64 1 = ___ 32 1 = __3 7 1 ____ = 343 (v) 4−1 1 = __1 4 1 __ = 4 (vi) 3(6−2) ( ) 1 = 3 __2 6 3 = ___ 36 1 = ___ 12 (vi) 2−5 1 = __5 2 1 ___ = 32 (i) 6(4−3) Q. 3. ____ (i) √ 100 = 10 ____ (ii) √ 144 = 12 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions 3 3 ___ (iii) √ 27 (vii) √ 1,000 =3 = 10 4 ___ ___ (viii) √ 81 =2 =3 5 6 ___ =2 10 ___ (ix) √ 64 (v) √ 32 =2 __ 3 ____ (x) √ 125 (vi) √ 1 =1 =5 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x2 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 x 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 √x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x3 1 8 27 64 125 216 343 512 729 1,000 x 1 8 27 64 125 216 343 512 729 1,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 __ Q. 5. 3 __ √x Q. 6. ______ 4 (iv) √ 16 Q. 4. 3 1 __ (i) 1002 ____ = √ 100 = 10 1 __ 1 __ (vi) 83 3 __ = √8 =2 1 __ (ii) 64 2 ___ = √ 64 =8 (vii) 92 __ = √9 =3 1 __ (iii) 216 3 ____ 3 = √ 216 =6 (iv) 5123 ____ = √ 512 =8 ______ √ 1,000 1 __ (ix) 643 3 ___ = √ 64 1 __ ___ = √ 16 =4 4 3 =4 1 __ (v) 162 = = 10 1 __ 3 1 __ (viii) 1,0003 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions (x) 362 ___ = √ 36 =6 Q. 7. 1 __ (i) 164 Q. 8. ___ 4 1 = _______1 1002 = √ 16 =2 1 ____ = _____ √ 100 2 __ (ii) 273 ( ___ 3 = √ 27 ) 2 1 = ___ 10 =9 1 – __ 2 (ii) 36 2 __ (iii) 643 ( ___ 3 = √ 64 1 = ______1 362 ) 2 = 16 1 ___ = ____ √ 36 3 __ (iv) 164 ( ___ 4 = √ 16 1 = __ 6 ) 3 =8 1 − __ 4 (iii) 16 3 __ (v) 1002 ____ = ( √ 100 ) 3 = 1,000 2 __ (vi) 1253 ( 3 ____ = √ 125 = 25 4 ___ = √ 16 ) 5 = 32 3 __ (viii) 814 ( 4 ___ = √ 81 ) 3 = 27 __ ( ) 2 3 4 __ ___ = √ 64 1 = _____3 92 1__ = _____ 3 ( √9 ) 1 = ___ 27 3 −__ 4 (v) 81 ( (x) 643 3 3 −__ 2 1 = ______ 4 ___ 3 √ 81 = 27 ( 2 1 = ____ 4 ___ √ 16 1 = __ 2 1 = ______3 814 3 __ (ix) 92 = √9 ) 1 = ______1 164 (iv) 9 5 __ (vii) 164 ( 1 – __ 2 (i) 100 ) 4 ) 1 = ___ 27 = 256 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions 5 2 − __ 3 (vi) 8 Q. 9. = 54 × 44 1 = _____2 83 = (i) 204 = (5 × 4)4 (ii) 156 = (3 × 5)6 = 36 × 56 1 _____ __ 1 __ ( √8 ) 3 2 1 __ 1 = __ 4 (vii) 1 __ 1 ___ 5 __ Q. 10. () 68 6 (i) __8 = __ 8 8 243 (ix) ( ) 1 __ 1 _______ ____ (iii) ( √ 125 ) 2 9 ( ) 182 ____ 18 = ___ 32 1 __ 322 ( ) 9 = ___ 16 5 − __ 16 4 75 2 _______ 1 = ______ 4 ___ 5 √ 16 ) Q. 11. 1 = ___ 32 ( ) 1 (i) ( ) 4 1 __ __ 2 1 = __ 2 5 − __ 2 ( ) 1 (ii) ___ 25 1 = _______5 1002 1 _______ ____ ( √ 100 ) 5 1 = ________ 100,000 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions 1 __ 2 1 ___ = ____ √ 25 1 = __ 5 ( ) 75 = ____ 192 1 − __ 2 1__ = ___ √4 (x) 100 = 1 − __ 2 192 25 = ___ 64 2 2 1 − __ (iv) 1 __ 1 __ 1 = ___ 25 ( 9 () 3 = __ 5 1 = ______5 164 6 8 99 9 (ii) ____9 = ___ 15 15 1 = _______2 1253 3 8 () 3 = __ 4 1 ____ 2 − __ 125 3 = 1 __ = 83 . 273 1__ = _____ 5 ( √9 ) (viii) 1 __ 1 __ (iv) 2162 = (8 × 27)3 92 = 1 __ = 92 . 42 5 − __ 9 2 = 1 __ (iii) 362 = (9 × 4)2 1 −__ 2 ( ) () 4 __1 (iii) __ 2 9 __ 4 √__ = ___ √9 4 (ii) ____ 121 1__ = ______ 4 √____ _____ √ 121 2 = __ 3 ( ) 11 = ___ 2 1 __ 81 (iv) ___ 25 2 ( ) 81 __ √___ 9 = ____ = 5 √ 25 ( ) 1 = ______ 3 __ √8 ______ 1 __ 3 √ 125 5 = __ 2 √8 ____ = 3 ___ √ 27 2 = __ 3 ( ) ( 27 (iv) ______ 1,000 3 ( 3 3 ( ( ( ) 4 ___ 1 = _______ 3 ____ 2 √ 125 _______ ( ) ) 3 √ 16 = ______ 4 ___ 3 √ 81 8 = ___ 27 ( ) 27 (viii) ___ 64 ( ( () 4 (vi) __ 9 ) ) 2 __ ( √9 ) 9 = ___ 16 ( ) 36 (i) ___ 25 1 −__ 2 1 ___ = ____ 36 √___ ____ √ 25 5 = __ 6 3 −__ 2 1__ = _____ 3 ( √4 ) _____ √ 27 = ______ 3 ___ 2 √ 64 Q. 12. ( √ 27 ) ) 2 9 = ___ 25 3 ___ ___ 3 2 __ 3 2 −__ 3 125 (v) ____ 27 3 __ 4 2 100 = ____ 9 2 = __ 5 ( ) ) ______ ( √ 1,000 ) __ √8 = ______ 3 ____ √ 125 16 (vii) ___ 81 ) 2 −__ 3 1 = _________ 3 ___ 2 √ 27 _________ 1 __ 8 (vi) ____ 125 ____ 3 __ 3 1 −__ 3 8 (iii) ____ 125 ___ 8 (v) ___ 27 1 – __ 2 3 27 = ___ 8 Q. 13. (i) 4.36 (vi) 11.51 (ii) 57.19 (vii) 0.04 (iii) 1.9 (viii) 2.02 (iv) 15.61 (ix) 2.15 (v) 0.02 (x) 4.18 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions 7 Q. 14. (i) 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 (iii) 3 × 23 = 69 = 23 . 3 (ii) (24)3 = (23 Reason: The prime factorisation of a square number must have prime factors with even powers. 3)3 . = (23)3 . 33 = 29 . 33 Q. 15. Q. 18. (ii) 23 282012 (iii) 24 28 = 2 × 2 × 7 (iv) 25 28 = 22 × 7 (v) 2−1 282012 = (22 . 7)2012 (vi) 2−2 = (22)2012 . 72012 = Q. 16. 24024 . 1 __ (vii) 22 72012 1 __ (viii) 23 100 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 1 −__ 2 (ix) 2 = 22 . 52 100 = 22 . 52 1001601 = (22 . 52)1601 Q. 17. = (22)1601 = 23202 . . Q. 19. (iii) 33 53202 (iv) 34 (v) 3−1 (vi) 3−2 12 = 2 × 2 × 3 1 __ (vii) 32 122 = (22 × 3)2 = 24 . 32 2,500 = 3 __ (viii) 32 502 1 −__ 2 (ix) 3 50 = 2 × 5 × 5 50 = 2 × 52 502 = (2 × 22 52)2 Q. 20. (i) 52 (ii) 53 . 54 (iii) 5−1 11,025 = 1052 (iv) 50 105 = 5 × 3 × 7 (v) 5−2 1052 = (3 × 5 × 7)2 (vi) 5−3 1052 = 32 . 52 . 72 (vii) 52 1,002,001 = 1,0012 (viii) 55 1 __ 1 __ 1 −__ 2 1,001 = 7 × 11 × 13 (ix) 5 (1,001)2 = (7 × 11 × 13)2 (x) 5−1 (1,001)2 = 72 . 112 . 132 (ii) even 8 (i) 30 (ii) 32 (52)1601 (i) 144 = 122 = (i) 22 Q. 21. Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions (i) 102 (iv) 104 (ii) 103 (v) 10−1 (iii) 10−2 (vi) 10−4 1 __ (vii) 102 Q. 2. (32)x = 34 (viii) 102.5 (ix) (x) 32x = 34 1 −__ 10 2 2x = 4 1 __ 106 x=2 3 __ (ii) 4x = 82 (xi) 102 (22)x = (23)2 (xii) 101.5 22x = 26 Exercise 9.3 Q. 1. (i) 2x = 4 2x = 22 x=2 (ii) 3x = 27 3x 33 = x=3 (iii) 5x = 125 5x 53 = x=3 (iv) 10x = 1,000 10x = 103 x=3 (v) 4x = 64 4x = 43 x=3 (vi) 3x = 81 3x 34 = x=4 (vii) (i) 9x = 34 10x = 10,000 10x 104 = x=4 (viii) 6x = 216 6x = 63 x=3 (ix) 7x = 49 7x = 72 x=2 2x = 6 x=3 (iii) 5x = 252 5x = (52)2 5x = 54 x=4 (iv) 10x = 1003 10x = (102)3 10x = 106 x=6 (v) 11x = 1215 11x = (112)5 11x = 1110 x = 10 (vi) 2x = 165 2x = (24)5 2x = 220 x = 20 (vii) 42x = 83 (22)2x = (23)3 24x = 29 4x = 9 9 x = __ 4 (viii) 33x = 272 33x = (33)2 3x = 6 x=2 (x) 3x = 729 3x = 36 x=6 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions 9 2 1__ (ix) 45x = 85 (22)5x = (23)5 210x = 215 10x = 15 x= (x) a2x a2x (vii) 102x − 1 = 3 __ 2 = = a6 102x − 1 __ 101 1 2x = 1__ 2 3 x = __ 4 1 __ 1 7__ 2 2x = 2 __ 1 x = 7__ 2 27 (ii) 2x = __ 4 27 __ x 2 = 2 2 x 2 = 25 x=5 125 __ (iii) 5x = ____ √5 53 5x = _____1 52 x 5 = 52.5 x = 2.5 (viii) 4x = 22x 2 = = 25 . 22 ______ 2 24.5 2x = 4.5 1 x = 2__ 4 49 __ (ix) 49x = ___ √7 72 72x = _____1 72 72x = 71.5 9__ ___ 2x = 1.5 √3 3 x = __ 4 216 __ (x) 36x + 2 = ____ √6 1 1__ 3 2 1 x + 1 = 1__ 2 1 x = __ 2 63 (62)x + 2 = _____1 62 ___ √ 10 (v) 10x − 3 = ____ 100 1 __ 10x − 3 = 32√ 2 _____ 1 __ 22x 32 3x + 1 = _____1 32 = 102 ____ 1 2x − 1 = __ 2 2x = 27 . 22 102 ____ 102 10x − 3 = 10−1.5 x = 1.5 10 10 1 __ (i) 2x = 27√ 2 3x + 1 3 102x − 1 = 102 x=3 (iv) 3x + 1 = = Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions 62x + 4 = 62.5 2x + 4 = 2.5 2x = −1.5 3 x = −__ 4 1 __ ( 10 )2 ______ 3 __ (a2)3 2x = 6 Q. 3. (vi) 7x = 7 3 2 x = 1__ 3 Q. 4. (i) 24 Q. 6. (ii) 23 3 __ (iii) 22 16 24 __ = ___ (iv) ___ √ 8 2__32 = 22.5 22x − 1 = 2+n=4 n=2 (√ ) 16 ___ __ 3 8 Q. 7. 2x − 1 = 7.5 32 _____ 31 − n 71 + x 71 + x x = 4.25 31 − n 72 × 49x ________ 72 × 72x ________ 2x = 8.5 9 _____ = 625 5n + 1 53 × 52n ________ = 54 5n + 1 53 + 2n − n − 1 = 54 22x − 1 = (22.5)3 Q. 5. 125 × 52n _________ = 343 = 73 72 + 2x − 1 − x = 73 x+1=3 = 81 x=4 = 34 31 + n = 34 n=3 Q. 8. p − q = 96 p + q = 160 Q. 9. 2p = 256 q = 160 − p p = 128 q = 32 2x = p 2y = q 2x = 128 2y = 32 2x = 27 2y = 25 x=7 y=5 Let 3x = m and 3y = n 5m − 2n = 387 – 5m + 4n = – 369 – 2n = 18 5m = 387 + 2(9) 5m = 405 m = 81 n=9 3y =9 ∴y=2 x = 4 and y = 2 Q. 10. 3x = 81 ∴x=4 ______ √ y − 5 = 5 ⇒ y = 30 2x = 8 ⇒ x = 3 x + y = 30 + 3 = 33 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions 11 Q. 11. 67 + 45 = 280,960 Q. 12. 244 + √ 144 = √ 244 + 12 = √____ ____________ ____ ∴5−x=2 x=3 _________ ( )( ) 1 __ √ 256 = 16 = 24 Q. 13. (3)(3) = 35 − x 3 75 5 25 5 5 1 32 = 35 − x ∴5−x=2 x=3 Q. 15. 75 = 3 × 52 . 5x 52 + x = 56 1 2__ 2 22x − 1 = 2 3 1 7__ 2 22x − 1 = 2 x=4 1 ∴ 2x − 1 = 7__ 2 1 2x = 8__ 2 1 x = 4__ 4 ( )( ) 1 __ (i) 83 42 = 25 − x (2)(2) = 25 − x 22 = 25 − x Q. 16. 3 ( ) = 56 1 __ 1 1__ 2 24 22x − 1 = ______1 1 2 2 ∴2+x=6 Q. 14. __ 16 = 24, 2√ 2 = 2 ( ) 56 = ______2 3 3×5 5x __ 52 1 __ (ii) 273 92 = 35 − x 22 − 2 23 − 22 24 − 23 25 − 24 26 − 25 27 − 26 2 22 23 24 25 26 2p + 1 − 2p = 2p Q. 17. 212 ___ 24 2x (vi) 2.0 × 10−2 = 2x = (vii) 1.5 × 10−3 28 (viii) 1.67 × 10−4 ∴x=8 Q. 18. 216 ___ 23 (ix) 6.12 × 10−3 (x) 2.3 × 10−5 = 2y − 1 2y − 1 = 213 Q. 2. ∴ y − 1 = 13 y = 14 Exercise 9.4 Q. 1. 12 (i) 400,000 (ii) 16,000,000 (iii) 5,400 (iv) 8,200,000 (v) 940 (i) 5.3 × 103 (vi) 0.0019 (ii) 1.75 × 105 (vii) 0.000236 (iii) 2.4 × 104 (viii) 0.026 (iv) 2.35 × 108 (ix) 0.56 (v) 7.376 × 106 (x) 0.00000506 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions Q. 3. (i) 6.2 × 103 (ii) 520 × 102 − 3.8 × 102 = 516.2 × 102 = 5.162 × 104 (iii) 14.688 × 108 = 1.4688 × 109 (iv) 1.344 × 1011 Q. 4. (i) 3.6 × 10−5 (ii) 5.613 × Q. 6. = (2.9 × 108)(480) (iii) 3.45 × 10−2 = 1.392 × 1011 m (iv) 6.3 × 10−4 = 1.392 × 108 km (v) 7.8 × 10−3 (vi) 4.04 × Q. 5. Distance = speed × time 10−4 Q. 7. 10−2 1010 angstroms = 1 m 1 1 angstrom = ____ m 1010 = 10−10 m (i) 4 (ii) 5 1.6 angstroms = 1.6 × 10−10 m (iii) 3 (i) 3.66 × 104 m Q. 8. (iv) 3 (ii) 3.68 × 107 m2 (v) 2 (vi) 3 Q. 9. 1.36 × 108 __________ 32,000 = 4.25 × 103 images Q. 10. 3.8 × 103 × 2.6 × 102 = 988,000 litres Q. 11. (i) 140 million = 1.4 × 108 1.4 × 108 (ii) _________ = 1.94 × 106 72 Q. 12. (i) 5.6 × 108 + 7.4 × 108 = 13 × 108 109 Q. 13. = 1.3 × 109 1.3 × (ii) _________9 × 100 = 19.4% 6.7 × 10 (i) Difference = 1.21 × 105 − 1.21 × 104 = 108,900 km (ii) Equator (Venus) = 2p (1.21 × 104) Equator (Saturn) = 2p (1.21 × 105) Difference = 2p [1.21 × 105 − 1.21 × 104] ≈ 6.8 × 105 = 6 orders of magnitude (iii) Yes, it is 2π times the difference in orders of magnitude between both radii. 1 Q. 14. Width of gold leaf = __________ = 1.0 × 10−8 m 10,000,000 Width of an atom of gold = 0.26 × 10−9 m Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions 13 1.0 × 10−8 Number of atoms thick = ___________ 0.26 × 10−9 ≈ 38 atoms Q. 15. (i) 1.0 × 10−9 seconds 1 (ii) ____________ = 333,333,333 calculations 3(1.0 × 10−9) Q. 16. (i) Jupiter (ii) Saturn (iii) 1.906 × 1027 kg (iv) 1.894 × 1027 kg (v) 5 – 4 = 1 order of magnitude Revision Exercises Q. 1. Q. 2. Q. 5. __ (i) 711 (22)5 ___ 210 (ii) ____ = 3 3 2 2 7 =2 32 3x = _____1 32 1 1__ 2 3x = 3 (iv) 117 1 ∴ x = 1__ 2 (i) 5−4 1 __ Q. 6. 3 __ (iii) 175 (iv) 42 ___ 5 __ = (ii) (811)2 = 822 (iii) (24)6 = 224 Q. 4. = 435 Q. 7. (iii) 1 −__ 2 (i) 64 1 1 = ______1 = __ 8 642 = 1 __ 3 __ p2 16 ___ (iv) (p16)5 = p 5 27 22x + 1 = _____1 22 1 6__ 2 22x + 1 = 2 1 ∴ 2x + 1 = 6__ 2 1 __ 2x = 5 2 11 x = ___ 4 14 1 __ (ii) 128 = 27, √ 2 = 22 (ii) p20 p4 (3 × 2)2011 × 22011 __ (i) p9 6 __ 2011 24024 = _____ 24022 = 22 (i) (610)2 = 620 (iv) 2 2012 (2 ) ×3 _________________ 24024 × 32011 = ___________________ 2011 3 × 22011 × 22011 1 – __ 4 2 42 (45)7 1 __ (ii) 9 = 32, √ 3 = 32 (iii) 210 (ii) 126 Q. 3. (i) 5 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions Q. 8. x+y=0 ∴ y = −x x2012 _____ y2012 x2012 + 100 = _______ + 100 (−x)2012 x2012 = _____ + 100 x2012 = 1 + 100 = 101 Q. 9. 5x + 4y = 5 × 4 × 10−5 + 4 × 6 × 10−7 = 20 × 10−5 + 24 × 10−7 = 2000 × 10−7 + 24 × 10−7 = 2024 × 10−7 = 2.024 × 10−4 Q. 10. googol2 = (10100)2 = 10200 (i) 100 × googol = 100 × 10100 = 10102 3 × googol = 3 × 10100 googol = 10100 googol3 = (10100)3 = 10300 In order of increasing magnitude googol, 3 × googol, 100 × googol, googol2, googol3 (ii) googol3 (iii) 100 orders of magnitude (iv) googol2 and googol3 Q. 11. n2 − 5n + 5 = 1 ∴ n2 − 5n + 4 = 0 n2 + 2n − 24 = 0 n2 − 5n + 5 = −1 (n − 4)(n − 1) = 0 (n + 6)(n − 4) = 0 n2 − 5n + 6 = 0 n = 1 or n = 4 n = −6 or n = 4 (n − 3)(n − 2) = 0 n = 3 or n = −2 If n = 3, then n2 + 2n − 24 is odd Therefore, n = 3 is not a solution. If n = −2 n2 + 2n − 24 is even Therefore, n = −2 is a solution. Solutions: n = −6 or n = −2 or n = 1 or n = 4 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions 15 Q. 12. (i) a4 + a4 + a4 + a4 = 4a4 24 + 24 + 24 + 24 = 4(24) = 22 (24) = 26 1 __ 1 __ 1 __ 1 __ ( ) 1 __ (ii) 24 + 24 + 24 + 24 = 4 24 ( ) 1 __ = 22 24 9 __ = 24 (iii) 3a5 + 6a5 = 9a5 3(35) + 6(35) = 9(35) = 32 (35) = 37 (iv) 27(38) = 33 (38) = 311 Q. 13. 3 × 104 + 5 × 104 = 8 × 104 Joe is correct. Q. 14. 3 −__ 4 1 1 1 1 = ______3 = _____3 = __3 = __ 1 __ 8 2 164 164 16 − 64 2 −__ 3 ( ) 1 __ 1 1 = ______1 = __ 8 642 2 1 1 1 = _____2 = _____2 = __ 1 __ 4 83 83 8 2 __ − ∴8 Q. 15. 3 ( ) is the odd one out. Mach 3 = 3708 km/hr = 61.8 km/min In 5 minutes the plane would travel 61.8 × 5 = 309 km. Q. 16. (i) % through Dublin: 18.7/22.7 × 100 = 8.24 × 101 % (ii) 15.6 × 18.7 million = 291,720,000 kg (iii) 97% = 2,400,000 100% = 2.474 × 106 Q. 17. 3.9 × 1020 is 20 orders of magnitude 5.9 × 1012 is 13 orders of magnitude Therefore, the radii differ by 7 orders of magnitude. Q. 18. Number of light years: 4.047 × 1013 ÷ 9.5 × 1012 = 4.26 light years Q. 19. 16 803,000 ___________ 0.00000525 = 1.53 × 1011 bits/sec Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 9 Solutions