Download Eye infection

By : Halemeh Moh . Abu Shammala
Presented to: Dr. Ayham Abu Lila
‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
‫وهللا أخرجكم من بطون أمهاتكم ال تعلمون شيئا وجعل لكم‬
‫السمع واألبصار واألفئدة لعلكم تشكرون‬
‫النحل أية (‪.)78‬‬
Protective factors
• The eye is well protected from infection by
the conjunctiva and the corneal epithelium.
• the tear film contains antimicrobials
• while the tear flow itself tends to wash
away pathogens
• The eye harbors a host of nonpathogenic
bacteria that competitively prohibit new
bacteria growth.
However,
• these eye-defenses can be breached by
– trauma,
– improper tearing,
– or contact lens wear and lead to an infection.
• An eye infection
– threatens vision,
– can act as an entry portal to the rest of the
body
– and infections can progress to systemic
involvement, meningitis, and even death.
Some microbial eye’s diseases
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Eyelid >>>>>>>>> (blepharitis)
eyelash follicle>>>>>>> Stye
tissue around eye>>>>> Orbital cellulitis
Conjunctiva >>>>>>>Conjunctivitis
acute inflammatory conjunctivitis>>> Trachoma
the cornea >>>>>>>> (keratitis)
the liquid inside the eye>>>> (vitritis),
the retina and the blood vessels that feed it
>>>>>>>>(chorioretinitis),
9) the optic nerve>>>>>>>> (neuroretinitis).
Blepharitis
•
•
•
•
•
inflammation of eyelid
major symptom : crusty or greasy eyelashes
Itching is common,
It is caused by skin bacteria.
Staphylococcus aureus infection is most common
Stye and Chalazion
Stye
• is an infection that causes a tender red lump on the
eyelid.
• Most styes occur along the edge of the eyelid.
• When a stye occurs inside the eyelid, it is called an
internal hordeolum
• An internal hordeolum is caused by infection in one
of the tiny oil glands inside the eyelid.
– Caused by Staphylococcus aureus
– T : Apply warm, wet compresses 3 to 6 times a day.
• Chalazion
– is a lump in the eyelid.
– develops when an oil gland in the eyelid becomes
blocked .
– may look like styes, but they are usually larger
and may not be painful.
Meibomianitis
• is an inflammation of the meibomian glands, a group of oilsecreting (sebaceous) glands in the eyelids.
• These glands have tiny openings to release oils onto the surface
of the cornea.
• increases the thickness of the oily secretions of the meibomian
glands will allow excess oils to accumulate on the edges of the
lids.
• This allows for the over-growth of bacteria, which are normally
present on skin.
• can be caused by allergy, the hormonal changes of adolescence,
or general skin conditions such as acne.
Dacryoadenitis
• is an inflammation of the tear-producing
gland (lacrimal gland).
• is most commonly due to viral or bacterial
infection, common causes include mumps,
Epstein-Barr virus, staphylococcus, and
gonococcus.
• Chronic dacryoadenitis is usually due to
noninfectious inflammatory disorders.
Examples include : sarcoidosis, thyroid eye
disease, and orbital pseudotumor.
Orbital cellulitis
• is an acute infection of the tissues immediately
surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, eyebrow,
and cheek.
 major cause
– Haemophilus influenzae :from a concurrent sinus infection
(most common in children)
– S.aureus
 major symptoms:
Painful swelling , Bulging eyes
• Decreased vision , Eye pain , Fever .
considered an emergency, why?
– can cause blindness , or brain abscess
Conjunctivitis "pink eye"
• Is the most common eye infection .
• caused by dilation of blood vessels
types of Conjunctivitis includes:
–
–
–
–

Viral conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis
Giant papillary conjunctivitis
often affects soft contact lens wearers.
Bacterial conjunctivitis
 Infection and inflammation of the
conjunctiva caused by bacteria.
 Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus
influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
 major symptoms :
Eye discharge : a thick discharge or pus .
Red eyes •
Foreign body eye sensation •
Eye pain •
Swollen eyelids •
•
Viral conjunctivitis
• is highly contagious, because airborne viruses can be spread
through sneezing and coughing.
• can accompany common viral upper respiratory infections such
as measles, the flu or the common cold.
• usually produces a watery discharge.
• Unlike with bacterial infections, antibiotics will not work
against viruses.
• But viral conjunctivitis is self-limited, which means it will go
away by itself after a short time.
Trachoma
 is the world's leading cause of preventable blindness.
 Trachoma is the result of infection of the eye with Chlamydia
trachomatis.
 Infection often begins during infancy or childhood and can
become chronic.
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Up to 10 percent of all pregnant women in the United States
have a sexually transmitted chlamydial infection.
• Another type of sexually transmitted disease related to the
herpes simplex virus type 2 found in the genital area can infect
eyes of infants as they are born.
• Herpes simplex virus type 1, also can cause a type of eye herpes
that results in pink eye.
•
Inclusion conjunctivitis
•
•
•
Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye by the bacterium
Chlamydia trachomatis .
The infection can occur in newborns while passing through an infected
birth canal.
Adult infections tend to be transmitted to the eye from the infected
genitals via the hands.
• Diagnosis : is made by taking conjuctival cells with a
swap or platinum spatula
Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome
• is an eye problem similar to conjunctivitis ("pink eye").
• It usually affects only one eye and is accompanied by nearby
swollen lymph nodes and an illness with a fever.
Causes
• Is caused by an infection by bacteria, virus, fungus, or a
parasite.
• The most common causes are :
• cat-scratch disease and tularemia (rabbit fever).
keratitis
 Is inflammation of the cornea.

Viral keratitis :
– Herpes simplex keratitis, leaves what is called a 'dendritic
ulcer'.
– Herpes zoster keratitis .
•
•
Onchocercal keratitis :
which follows O. volvulus infection by infected black fly bite.
What are dendritic ulcers?
• A corneal ulcer, or ulcerative keratitis, or eyesore
• a common and serious infection of the corneal epithelium by
Herpes simplex virus type I.
• The virus lies dormant in the trigeminal nerve between attacks.
• It is a common condition in humans particularly in the tropics
and the agrarian societies.
• In developing countries, children afflicted by Vitamin A
deficiency are at high risk for corneal ulcer and may become
blind in both eyes, which may persist lifelong.
• Symptoms




extremely painful due to nerve exposure,
cause tearing,
vision loss of the eye.
There may also be signs of anterior uveitis, such as miosis
(small pupil), aqueous flare (protein in the aqueous humour) .
It can be seen with
the slit lamp
microscope used to
examine your eye.
Fluorescent yellow
drops are used to
show the ulcer up
more easily.
Amoebic keratitis :
the most serious corneal infection,
usually affecting contact lens wearers caused by
Acanthamoeba.
• Bacterial keratitis:
– can follow from an injury or from wearing contact lenses.
– Staphylococcus aureus : for contact lens wearers,
– Pseudomonas aeruginosa: contains enzymes that can digest the
cornea.
• Fungal keratitis : Fusarium sp.
Endophthalmitis
• Is inflammation of the uveal tract or
posterior chamber .
• Usually caused by intraocular infection.
• Major cause : Bacillus cereus
chorioretinitis
• Inflammation of the choroids and retina of the eye.
• It can be caused by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses,
fungus or protozoa.
 Cytomegalovirus (AIDS )
 Herpes virus 2
 Histoplasmosis
 Syphilis, congenital
 Toxoplasma, congenital
• Symptoms :
 Progressive loss of vision
 Floating black spots
 Blurry vision