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Biological polymers Biobasics (Biopolymers) Structure BIO1109 - Principles of Biology Proteins Chains of amino acids Carbohydrates Chains, or pairs of sugars (monosaccharides) Nucleic acids Chains of nucleic acids Nucleotides Lipids Mixed bag BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 1 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 14:33 Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Université 14:33 Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Biological polymers Biological polymer (Biopolymers) (Biopolymers) Examples Function Proteins All the chemical reactions of cells, heamoglobin, myoglobin, antibodies,etc. Proteins Support, enzymes, transport, defense (immunity), hormones, motion Carbohydrates Sugars, starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin. Carbohydrates Energy storage, support Nucleic acids DNA, RNA Nucleic acids Transfer of genetic information Lipids Fats oils and waxes Lipids Membranes, energy storage, hormones BIO1109 - Principles of Biology BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 3 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 14:33 Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4 14:33 Carbohydrates - cellulose Fructose BIO1109 - Principles of Biology Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Glucose polymers: Two common monosaccharides Glucose Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 5 14:33 Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6 14:33 1 Glucose polymers Glucosamine polymer Starch and glycogen Chitin O=C-CH3 CH2 OH NH Glycogen Starch O OH O O OH CH2 OH BIO1109 - Principles of Biology Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. NH O=C-CH3 BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 7 14:33 Biopolymers Amino acids combine to form proteins Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Université Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 8 14:33 Levels of protein structure Primary Secondary l Tertiary l Quaternary l l Condensation Hydrolysis BIO1109 - Principles of Biology Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 9 14:33 Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Levels of protein structure Levels of protein structure l Primary Secondary l Tertiary l Quaternary l l l Primary Secondary l Tertiary l Quaternary BIO1109 - Principles of Biology Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 10 14:33 BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 11 14:33 Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 12 14:33 2 Levels of protein structure Neucleotides Primary l Secondary l Tertiary l l Pyrimidines Quaternary Purines BIO1109 - Principles of Biology BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 13 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 14:33 Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. RNA structure 14 Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Université 14:33 Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. DNA structure •Sugar: ribose •Concentration of A =T •Bases: Adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine •Concentration of G=C •Single stranded without a helix BIO1109 - Principles of Biology BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 15 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 14:33 Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Types of fats Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 16 14:33 Phospholipids Glycerol BIO1109 - Principles of Biology Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 17 14:33 Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 18 14:33 3 Periodic table of elements Elements BIO1109 - Principles of Biology Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 19 14:33 BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 21 14:33 Structure of water H2O Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. l l l l l BIO1109 - Principles of Biology Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 22 14:33 Properties of water l Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 20 14:33 Salt (NaCl) (NaCl)) (NaCl BIO1109 - Principles of Biology Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Ionic reactions Octet rule and covalent bonds Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Université Resists changes of state Resists changes in temperature Cohesive Surface tension Universal solvent Unusual denisties BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 23 14:33 Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 24 14:33 4 Properties of water l l l l l l Properties of water Resists changes of state Resists changes in temperature Cohesive Surface tension Universal solvent Unusual denisties l l l l l l BIO1109 - Principles of Biology BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 25 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 14:33 Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Properties of water l l l l l l Resists changes of state Resists changes in temperature Cohesive Surface tension Universal solvent Unusual denisties Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Université Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 26 14:33 ATP – a special nucleotide Resists changes of state Resists changes in temperature Cohesive Surface tension Universal solvent Unusual densities BIO1109 - Principles of Biology BIO1109 - Principles of Biology 27 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 14:33 Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Université Université d’Ottawa d’Ottawa // University University of of Ottawa Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 28 14:33 Central Dogma of Biology DNA RNA Protein BIO1109 - Principles of Biology Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Unless indicated otherwise images are © McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 29 14:33 5