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Biological polymers
Biobasics
(Biopolymers)
Structure
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Proteins
Chains of amino acids
Carbohydrates
Chains, or pairs of sugars
(monosaccharides)
Nucleic acids
Chains of nucleic acids
Nucleotides
Lipids
Mixed bag
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Biological polymers
Biological polymer
(Biopolymers)
(Biopolymers)
Examples
Function
Proteins
All the chemical reactions of cells,
heamoglobin, myoglobin, antibodies,etc.
Proteins
Support, enzymes, transport, defense
(immunity), hormones, motion
Carbohydrates
Sugars, starch, glycogen, cellulose,
chitin.
Carbohydrates
Energy storage, support
Nucleic acids
DNA, RNA
Nucleic acids
Transfer of genetic information
Lipids
Fats oils and waxes
Lipids
Membranes, energy storage, hormones
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Carbohydrates - cellulose
Fructose
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Glucose polymers:
Two common monosaccharides
Glucose
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Glucose polymers
Glucosamine polymer
Starch and glycogen
Chitin
O=C-CH3
CH2
OH
NH
Glycogen
Starch
O
OH
O
O
OH
CH2
OH
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NH
O=C-CH3
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Biopolymers
Amino acids combine to form proteins
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Levels of protein structure
Primary
Secondary
l Tertiary
l Quaternary
l
l
Condensation
Hydrolysis
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Levels of protein structure
Levels of protein structure
l
Primary
Secondary
l Tertiary
l Quaternary
l
l
l
Primary
Secondary
l Tertiary
l Quaternary
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Levels of protein structure
Neucleotides
Primary
l Secondary
l Tertiary
l
l
Pyrimidines
Quaternary
Purines
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RNA structure
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DNA structure
•Sugar: ribose
•Concentration of
A =T
•Bases: Adenine,
guanine, uracil, and
cytosine
•Concentration of
G=C
•Single stranded
without a helix
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Types of fats
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Phospholipids
Glycerol
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Periodic table of elements
Elements
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Structure of water H2O
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l
l
l
l
l
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Properties of water
l
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Salt (NaCl)
(NaCl))
(NaCl
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Ionic reactions
Octet rule and covalent bonds
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Resists changes of state
Resists changes in
temperature
Cohesive
Surface tension
Universal solvent
Unusual denisties
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Properties of water
l
l
l
l
l
l
Properties of water
Resists changes of state
Resists changes in
temperature
Cohesive
Surface tension
Universal solvent
Unusual denisties
l
l
l
l
l
l
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Properties of water
l
l
l
l
l
l
Resists changes of state
Resists changes in
temperature
Cohesive
Surface tension
Universal solvent
Unusual denisties
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ATP – a special nucleotide
Resists changes of state
Resists changes in
temperature
Cohesive
Surface tension
Universal solvent
Unusual densities
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Central Dogma of Biology
DNA
RNA
Protein
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