Download Use the “Ecology Symbiotic Relationships” PowerPoint on my 8th

Use the “Ecology Symbiotic Relationships” PowerPoint on my 8th Grade Science page to answer the following.
1. Symbiotic relationship:
A relationship, which can be beneficial or harmful, in which TWO different species live together and interact with one
another, sometimes by choice, and sometimes because they cannot survive without each other.
2. Commensalism:
one organism benefits while the other is not affected (+ 0)
3. Mutualism:
both organisms in the relationship benefit (+ +)
4. Parasitism:
one organism benefits (the parasite), while the other is harmed (host). In other words, one benefits, one is hurt (+ -)
5. For each scenario (A, B, and C) on the “Ecology Symbiotic Relationships” PowerPoint on my teacher Website, tell
whether you think it is an example of commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism and EXPLAIN your thinking.
A. This is mutualism because both partners helped each and both benefitted from their relationship.
B. This is commensalism because your partner got benefit from you helping and they did not affect you or help you in any
way.
C. This is parasitism because you benefitted them by helping them get a good grade, but they hurt you because they didn’t
do anything and you ended up getting a lower grade than usual, which actually hurt you.
6. You and your partner should research the five symbiotic relationships as assigned by the teacher ONLINE. Fill out the
chart for your assigned examples.
Name of organisms
Hymenoepimecis argyraphaga/spider
Tapeworms/animals
Description of relationship
between organisms (Describe in
detail!!!!!!!)
The H.a. wasp lays its eggs in the
spider. After the spider builds its
web, the larvae of the wasp eat
the spider from the inside out
and use the web for their
cocoon.
The tapeworm grows inside of an
animal’s intestines and eats up a
lot of the food the animals eats,
causing the animal to lose weight
and waste away.
Is this an example of mutualism,
commensalism, or parasitism?
THEN explain your reasoning.
Parasitism- because the spider is
hurt (death) and the wasp
benefits (food and cocoon).
Parasitism- because the animal is
hurt (losing weight) and the
tapeworm benefits (food)
Fleas/animals
The fleas suck the blood of the
animals, causing them to lose
blood and possibly get a disease.
The fleas also get a home (the
fur) of the animal.
The G. wasp injects its eggs into a
caterpillar. The larvae of the
wasp feed on the fluids of the
caterpillar, then eat though its
skin. They also mind control the
caterpillar, using it as a body
guard for protection until they
spin their cocoon and mature.
The caterpillar starves to death.
Cattle egrets follow cattle and
eat the insects that are scared
out of the grass as the cattle pass
by.
Parasitism- the animal is harmed
(loses blood and gets a disease)
and the flea benefits (gets food
and a home).
TB is a long-term infection of the
lungs by a bacterium. The TB
parasite benefits from the
relationship by getting food and
a home so it can reproduce while
the human stays sick constantly
and can die from the infection.
The plover bird eats bits of food
from between the crocodile’s
teeth, keeping the teeth clean. It
also “screams” and flies away if it
senses danger, alerting the
crocodile to slide into the water
to avoid the danger too.
Greenish-brown algae live on the
back of the spider crab,
camouflaging the crab in the
shallow water that it lives in.
Parasitism- the human is harmed
(infection, sickness, weakness,
death) and the TB bacteria
benefits (food, home,
reproduction).
Ticks/animals
The ticks suck the blood of the
animals, causing them to lose
blood and possibly get a disease.
Parasitism- the animal is harmed
(loses blood and gets a disease)
and the tick benefits (gets food).
Flowers/bees
When bees visit a flower, they
get nectar, which they make into
food. Thye also get pollen on
their backs, which falls off inot
the next flower they, helping the
flowers to cross-pollinate.
Mutualism- the bee benefits
(nectar for food) and the flower
benefits (cross-pollination=
reproduction).
Glyptapanteles/caterpillar
Cattle Egret/ Cattle
Tuberculosis/humans
Crocodile/plover bird
Spider crab/ algae
Parasitism- the caterpillar is
harmed (fluids used and death)
and the G. wasp benefits (food
and protection).
Commensalism- the cattle egret
benefits (food) and the cattle are
unaffected.
Mutualism- the plover benefits
(food) and the crocodile benefits
(teeth cleaned and alarm to
danger).
Mutualism- the algae benefits
(good place to live) and the crab
benefits (camouflage from
predators).
Oxpecker/rhino
Oxpecker bird lands on the back
of the rhino and eats ticks and
other parasites from the rhino’s
back.
Mutualism- the oxpecker
benefits (food) and the rhino
benefits (gets rid of
parasites/pests).
Naegleria/humans
N. parasite lives in the dirt at the
bottom of bodies of freshwater.
If it gets into the nasal passages
of a human, it can travel to the
brain and eats the human brain,
almost always resulting in death
of the human.
A certain kind of bacteria lives in
human intestines and finishes
digesting food that the human
can’t finish digesting, allowing
the human to get more nutrients
from food they otherwise
wouldn’t have.
The sea anemone lives on the
hermits crab’s shell. The sea
anemone protects the crab from
predators with its stinging
tentacle. The sea anemone gets
more food because it can eat the
crab’s scraps and also it is moved
around on the crab’s back,
exposing it to plankton and small
fish.
The butterfly lays its eggs on the
underside of the milkweed leaf
and uses the milkweed flowers
for nectar. The butterfly larvae
also eat the milkweed plant. The
milkweed gets pollinated by the
butterfly.
The barnacle lives on whales.
The whale doesn’t even know
the barnacle is there. The
barnacle filters food from the
water as the whale swims
through the water.
The remora attaches itself to the
shark and eats parasites off of
the shark as well as scraps of
food that the shark leaves
behind.
Parasitism- the human is hurt
(death) and the N. parasite
benefits (food).
Good bacteria/human intestines
Sea anemones/hermit crab
Monarch butterfly/ milkweed
Barnacles/whales
Remora/sharks
Mutualism- the bacteria benefit
(food) and the human benefits
(more nutrients from food they
couldn’t digest).
Mutualism- the sea anemone
benefits (more food) and the
crab benefits (protection from
predators).
Mutualism- the butterfly benefits
(food and place to lay eggs) and
the milkweed benefits
(pollination= reproduction).
Commensalism- The barnacle
benefits (more food) and the
whale is not affected.
Mutualism- the remora benefits
(food) and the shark benefits
(parasites removed).
Cryptosporidium/humans
C. is a parasite that causes
intestinal infection and diarrhea
in humans. The parasite infects
humans intestines so it can get
food that humans eats and
attempts to digest.
Caribou/arctic fox
The caribou digs for vegetation in Commensalism- the fox benefits
the frozen soil of the tundra. The (more food) and the caribou is
fox follows along behind it and
unaffected.
digs deeper into the soil looking
for small mammals to eat.
Orchids/trees
Orchids grow at the tops of trees,
where they can avoid being
eaten by predators or trampled
on by animals. They also receive
more sunlight.
The shrimp hitches a ride on a
larger poisonous or inedible
animal, such as a sea cucumber
for protection. The animal that it
rides on doesn’t even know it’s
there.
When an ant comes in contact
with the spores of the O. fungus,
the spores infect the ant and
hijack its nervous system,
causing it to climb up vegetation
and clamp down and hang there.
The ant then dies. Then the
fungus grows a spore-releasing
stalk out of the back of the ant’s
head to release more spores
onto the ants still on the ground
below.
The sea anemone stinging
tentacles protect the clown fish
from predators, while the clown
fish chases away fish that would
eat the sea anemone. Also, the
anemone is fertilized by the fish’s
waste.
The tick-like pseudoscorpion
hitches a free ride under the
wings of the beetle. The beetle
doesn’t even know the
pseudoscorpion is there.
The L. parasitic worm infects the
eyestalks of the snail and mind
controls it, causing it to climb out
into the open so a hungry bird
can eat it, allowing the worm to
complete its life cycle.
Emperor shrimp/sea cucumbers
Ophiocordyceps/carpenter ant
Sea anemones/clownfish
Pseudoscorpions/beetles
Leucochloridium/snail
Parasitism- the C. parasite
benefits (food) and the human is
harmed (intestinal infection and
diarrhea).
Commensalism- orchids benefit
(sunlight, not being eaten or
trampled on) and the trees are
unaffected.
Commensalism- The shrimp
benefits (protection) and the sea
cucumber is unaffected.
Parasitism- the ant is harmed
(death) and the O. fungus
benefits (reproduction).
Mutualism- the sea anemone
benefits (protection and fertilize)
and the clown fish benefits
(protection).
Commensalism- the
pseudoscorpion benefits (gets a
ride) and the bettle is not
affected.
Parasitism- the L. worm benefits
(completing its life cycle=
reproduction) and the snail is
harmed (eaten by a bird= death).
Plasmodium/humans
Cow/intestinal bacteria
Pseudomyrmex ants/Swollen
Thorn acacia
Allomerus ant/Hirtella tree
The P. parasite (also known as
malaria) infects the red blood
cells of humans, where it
reproduces, destroying those red
blood cells to complete its life
cycle, causing the human to
suffer cycles of fever and chills.
Bacteria live in the rumen part of
a cow’s stomach, where they
digest the cellulose in the grass
the cow eats. The cows cannot
digest the grass without these
bacteria. The cow can then
obtain nutrients from the grass
as it is digested by the bacteria.
The P. ants defend the tree
against animals that would eat it,
while the tree provides nectar to
the P. ants
Parasitism- the P. parasite
benefits (food, reproduction) and
the human is harmed (sickness,
weakness, fever, and chills).
The A. ants defend the tree
against predatory insects
because the ants themselves are
very aggressive. The tree
provides the ants with a safe
place to live and nectar.
Mutualism- the ants benefit
(food and home) and the tree
benefits (protection from
predators).
Mutualism- the bacteria benefit
(food) and the cow benefits
(nutrients from the grass the
bacteria digested).
Mutualism- the ants benefit
(food) and the tree benefits
(protection).