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WIAAPositionStatement–PerformanceEnhancingSupplements Note:Thispolicystatementisrelatedtouseofdietarysupplements.Forinformationonsteroiduse,seethe WIAASteroidPolicy. TheWIAAstronglyopposestheuseofsupplementsbyhighschoolathletesforperformanceenhancementdue tothelackofpublishedscientificresearchthatdocumentsthebenefitsand/orrisksofsupplementuse, particularlyinadolescents.Supplementsshouldonlybeusedontheadviceofone’shealthcareproviderfor health-relatedreasons;notforthepurposeofgainingapossiblecompetitiveadvantage.Schoolpersonneland coachesshouldneverrecommend,endorse,orencouragetheuseofanysupplement,drug,ormedicationfor performanceenhancementtoastudentathlete. Productstypicallypromotedasperformanceenhancinginclude:dietaryornutritionalsupplements,ergogenic aids,healthsupplementsorsportsupplements.Whilesomemainstreamsupplementsaremadebyresponsible manufacturers,agrowingnumberofproductscontaindangerousandhiddeningredients,includingsteroidsand pro-hormones.Inmakingadecisiontouseasupplement,severalfactorsshouldbeconsidered. • EvaluatingSupplementsforDiscouragedorBannedSubstances:Supplementsarenotregulatedlike drugs,foodormedication.Supplementcompaniesdonothavetofollowthesame“truthinlabeling” regulationsasforfoodormedication.Supplementlabelsarenotrequiredtolistalltheingredientsin theproductandcanomitlistingingredientsthatareinabottle.Agrowingnumberofproductscontain dangerousandundisclosedingredients,includingsteroids,stimulantsanddangerousdrugs.Proprietary ingredientsarea“companysecret”anddonothavetobelistedonthelabel.Tominimizetheriskof takingasupplementthatcontainsabannedingredient,visittheNFSCertifiedforSportwebsite http://www.nsfsport.com/orInformedChoicehttp://www.informed-choice.org/foralistingof supplementsthathavebeentestedforpurityandpotency. • HealthConsequences:Supplementproductshavebeenknowntobecontaminatedwithbannedor harmfulingredients.Takingsupplementswithdangeroushiddendrugssuchasdesignersteroidshas beenaknowncauseofliverinjury,stroke,kidneyfailure,andpulmonaryembolism.Supplement productswithhiddenstimulantscancauseirregularheartrhythm,increasedbloodpressure,stroke, evendeath. • Contamination:Supplementscanaccidentallycontainbannedordiscouragedingredientsduetocrosscontaminationwhenmanufacturingequipmentisn’tcleanedproperlybetweenbatchesofproducts.In othercasesmanufacturerswillspikeaproductwithstimulantsorpro-hormoneswithoutlistingthemon thelabeltodeceivetheathletesthattheproductwillcausebiggainswhileclaimingtheproductis“all natural”or“legal.” • Sourcesofinformation:Supplementstorestafforcompanydistributorsgetpaidbysellingaproduct. Theyarewell-trainedtosellthemostpopularproductwiththebiggestprofitmargin.Thestaff generallymaynothavetraininginnutrition,biochemistryorpharmacology.Inaddition,theymaynot knoworunderstandWIAArules/regulationsofsupplementusebyathletes.Asupplement/productthat is“legal”forthecompanytoselltotheathlete,however,maynotbeallowedforanathletetouse. • Testimonialsfromprofessionalathletes:Supplementcompaniesfrequentlyadvertisetheirproducts withtestimonialsfromprofessionalathletesorwell-knownsportsfigures.Thesetestimonialsarenot proofthatasupplementworks.Athleteswhoarepaidtoendorseaproductaregenerallyattheendof theircareeranddidnotusethesupplementwhentheywereyoungandtrainingtobecomesuccessful. • Pre-WorkoutBoosters:Theseproductsclaimtoprovideincreasedenergyandenduranceforaworkout. Supplementsinthiscategorygenerallycontainseveralsourcesofstimulants–manynotlistedonthe label–thataffecttheheartandbloodpressureandcancauseserioushealthconsequences.Inaddition, thiscategoryofproductshasahistoryofcontaininghiddenbannedsupplements,includingillegalprohormonesandsteroids.Useofpre-workoutboostershascausedmanyathletestofaildrugtests,be suspendedfromcompetition,andhasbeenrelatedtoseveraldeaths. • ProteinPowders:Mostdietssupplyadequateprotein.However,incaseswhereathletescan’teat enoughfoodorwhenproteinneedsarehigherthannormal,limitedsupplementationmaybeneeded. Inthesecases,aphysicianorsportdietitianconsultationmaybehelpful.Ifextraproteinisneeded,read labelscarefully.Proteinpowdersmaycontaindiscouragedorbannedingredientsnotlistedonthelabel. A2007studybyInformedChoiceLabsrandomlyselected50proteinpowdersofftheshelvesofwellknownsupplementstores.Theyfoundthat25%ofthepowderscontainedanabolicsteroids.In addition11%oftheproteinpowderstestedpositiveforstimulantsnotlistedonthelabel.Lookfor labelsthatlistproteinasthefirstingredient,havefewaddedingredientsanddonotclaimtobe“mass builders”.Ifyoucan’tpronounceingredientslistedonthelabeldon’ttakeit. Theprimaryreasonstudent-athleteschoosetousesupplementsaretogainmassandweight,getstronger, reducebodyfat,andhavemoreenergy.Studentathleteswhowanttoimproveathleticperformanceshould focusongoodtrainingstrategies,agooddiet,andprovenrecoverystrategiesthatstressthe4“R’s”:rest,refuel, rehydrate,andrepair.Inthevastmajorityofcases,afewchangestothestudent-athleteeatinghabitswilllead tomusclegrowth,fatloss,improvedstrengthandfasterrecovery. ForacopyoftheWIAAPerformanceEnhancingSupplementandBannedSubstancesPolicyvisit http://www.wiaawi.org/Portals/0/PDF/Health/performanceenhancers.pdf NationalInstitutesofHealthCenterforComplementaryandIntegrativeHealth https://nccih.nih.gov/health/supplements/wiseuse.htm TrueSportNutritionGuide http://www.truesport.org/library/documents/resources/nutrition_guide/NutritionGuide.pdf NSFCertifiedforSporthttp://www.nsfsport.com/ USADADietarySupplementandSafetyEducationhttp://www.usada.org/substances/supplement-411 InformedChoicehttp://www.informed-choice.org/ DrugFreeSporthttp://www.drugfreesport.com/ AmericanCollegeofSportMedicine–ProteinIntakeorMuscleMaintenance http://www.acsm.org/docs/default-source/brochures/protein-intake-for-optimal-muscle-maintenance.pdf AmericanCollegeofSportMedicine–SelectingandusingSportDrinks,CarbohydrateGels,andEnergyBars http://www.acsm.org/docs/brochures/selecting-and-effectively-using-sports-drinks-carbohydrate-gels-andenergy-bars.pdf?sfvrsn=2 TaylorHootonFoundationhttp://taylorhooton.org/minimising-the-risk-of-taking-contaminated-supplements/ NationalFederationofHighSchoolSportsSupplementPositionStatementhttp://www.nfhs.org/sportsresource-content/supplements-position-statement/