Download Consolidated list of Article 13 health claims List of references

Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies Unit Parma, 25 February 2010 Consolidated list of Article 13 health claims List of references received by EFSA Part 1 IDs 1 – 1000 (This document contains the list of references for claims which have passed the EFSA screening. In addition, it includes the list of references for claims which were adopted by NDA Panel in 2009 after having received clarifications from the Commission in November 2009.) BACKGROUND In accordance with Article 13 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061 Member States had provided the European Commission with lists of claims accompanied by the conditions applying to them and by references to the relevant scientific justification by 31 January 2008. EFSA has received from the European Commission nine Access databases with a consolidated list of 4,185 main health claim entries with around 10,000 similar health claims. The similar health claims were accompanied by the conditions of use and scientific references. The nine Access databases were sent in three batches - in July 2008, in November 2008 and in December 2008. Subsequently, EFSA combined the databases into one master database and re-allocated upon request of the Commission and Member States similar health claims which had been accidentally placed under a wrong main health claim entry (misplaced claims). During this process some Member States also identified a number of similar health claims which still needed to be submitted to EFSA (―missing claims‖). These similar claims were also added to the database. The references to the scientific justifications provided by Member States were either included in the database or were provided in separate files. In addition, full-text copies of references were provided directly to EFSA from stakeholders. The deadline for submission of these references was end of 2008. EFSA wishes to acknowledge the full-text copies of relevant literature provided by stakeholders until that date. In some instances, references provided to EFSA were referring to papers which were submitted for publication. In case the publication had in the meanwhile taken place EFSA has included the correct citation in the list of references and this may result in some references carrying a 2009 publication date. EFSA has screened all health claims on the list using six criteria established by the NDA Panel to identify claims for which EFSA considers sufficient information has been provided for evaluation and those for which for which more information or clarification is needed before evaluation can be carried 1 Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. OJ L 404, 30.12.2006, p. 9–25. European Food Safety Authority - Largo N. Palli 5/A, I - 43121 Parma Tel: (+39) 0521 036 425 • Fax: (+39) 0521 036 525 • [email protected] • www.efsa.europa.eu 1 out. The claims which had been sent back to the Commission and the Member States for further clarification in January 2009 were received back with additional information in November 2009. Further information can be found on the EFSA website under the following link: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_article13.htm. LIST OF REFERENCES The present document compiles the lists of references for claims with ID numbers between 1 and 1000 and which passed the EFSA screening. In addition, it includes the list of references for ID numbers between 1 and 1000 which were adopted by NDA Panel in 2009 after having received clarifications from the Commission in November 2009. The list takes into account references provided through different sources and those coming from misplaced or missing claims. The main health claim entries are sorted in ascending order of the ID number. This document will be updated according to the progress of adoption of opinions related to Art 13 health claims. In the update of 25 February 2010, the following ID numbers have 2936, 2937, 2938, 2939, 2940, 2941, 2943, 2944, 2960, 2961, 2965, 2980, 2983, 2986, 2989, 2990, 2992, 2993, 2994, 2995, 2998, 3000, 3022, 3023, 3024, 3028, 3029, 3030, 3031, 3032, 3039, 3047, 3048, 4227. been added (in red font): 159, 2968, 2969, 2974, 2975, 2978, 3001, 3007, 3008, 3010, 3021, 3055, 3057, 3058, 3059, 3060, 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 ID 2: ―All vitamins‖ and ―Reproduction‖ ................................................................................................................ 24 ID 3: ―All vitamins‖ and ―Conception‖ ................................................................................................................... 24 ID 5: ―All vitamins and minerals‖ and ―Vitamins and minerals during pregnancy and lactation‖ ......................... 25 ID 10: ―All vitamins, minerals and trace-elements‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals during pregnancy and lactation‖....................................................................................................................................................... 26 ID 13: ―Vitamin A‖ and ―Bone growth and development of teeth‖ ........................................................................ 26 ID 14: ―Vitamin A‖ and ―Cell differentiation including immune system ‖ ............................................................ 27 ID 15: ―Vitamin A‖ and ―Structure and function of the skin and mucous membranes (such as in the lung, intestines, nose, eyes and female reproductive tract)‖ ........................................................................................ 31 ID 16: ―Vitamin A‖ and ―Vision ‖ ........................................................................................................................... 32 ID 17: ―Vitamin A‖ and ―Bone/Teeth/Hair/Skin and Nail health‖ ......................................................................... 34 ID 19: ―Beta carotene‖ and ―Antioxidants and aging‖ ............................................................................................ 35 ID 20: ―Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)‖ and ―Cardiac function‖ ........................................................................................ 38 ID 21: ―Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)‖ and ―Energy and Carbohydrate metabolism‖ ....................................................... 39 ID 22: ―Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)‖ and ―Neurological function‖ ................................................................................ 41 ID 24: ―Vitamin B1‖ and ―Macronutrient metabolism‖ .......................................................................................... 42 ID 25: ―Vitamin B1‖ and ―Bone/Teeth/ Hair / Skin and Nail health‖ ..................................................................... 42 ID 27: ―Vitamin B1‖ and ―Neurological and cardiac systems‖ ............................................................................... 42 ID 28: ―Thiamin‖ and ―Thiamin participates as a coenzyme in the carbohydrate metabolism‖ ............................. 43 ID 29: ―Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)‖ and ―Energy metabolism‖ ................................................................................. 43 ID 30: ―Vitamin B2‖ and ―Transport and metabolism of iron‖ ............................................................................... 45 ID 31: ―Vitamin B2‖ and ―Required for the normal structure of mucous membranes (such as the surface of the tongue, the mouth, eyes and intestines).‖ ...................................................................................................... 45 ID 32: ―Vitamin B2‖ and ―Mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)‖........................................................................................................................................ 46 ID 33: ―Vitamin B2‖ and ―Bone/Teeth/ Hair / Skin and Nail health‖..................................................................... 47 ID 35: ―Riboflavin‖ and ―Riboflavin participates in oxidation-reduction reactions in numerous metabolic pathways and in energy production via respiratory chain‖ ................................................................................. 47 ID 36: ―Riboflavin (vitamin B2)‖ and ―Macronutrient metabolism‖ ...................................................................... 48 ID 37: ―Riboflavin (vitamin B2)‖ and ―Healthy iron status‖ .................................................................................. 48 ID 39: ―Riboflavin (vitamin B2)‖ and ―Eyes‖ ......................................................................................................... 48 ID 40: ―Riboflavin (vitamin B2)‖ and ―Red blood cells‖ ........................................................................................ 48 ID 42: ―Riboflavin (B2)‖ and ―Vitamin/mineral supplementation to reduce fatigue and tirednes in situations of inadequate micronutrient status‖ .................................................................................................................... 48 ID 43: ―Niacin (Vitamin B3)‖ and ―Energy metabolism Nutrient utilisation‖ ........................................................ 49 ID 44: ―Niacin‖ and ―Neurological functions‖ ........................................................................................................ 50 ID 45: ―Niacin‖ and ―Normal structure and function of skin and mucous membranes (such as the intestines)‖ ... 50 3 ID 46: ―Niacin (nicotinic acid)‖ and ―Blood lipids‖ ............................................................................................... 51 ID 48: ―Niacin‖ and ―Structure and function of skin‖ ............................................................................................. 52 ID 49: ―Niacin‖ and ―Macronutrient metabolism‖ .................................................................................................. 52 ID 50: ―Vitamin B3‖ and ―Bone/Teeth/ Hair / Skin and Nail health‖ ..................................................................... 52 ID 52: ―Niacin (Vitamin B3)‖ and ―Skin and mucous membranes‖ ....................................................................... 53 ID 53: ―Niacin (Vitamin B3)‖ and ―Neurologic system‖ ........................................................................................ 53 ID 54: ―Niacin ‖ and ―NAD and NADP. These nucleotides are key components of oxidation-reduction reactions, ATP synthetic pathways and ADP-ribose transfer reactions.‖ ........................................................... 53 ID 55: ―Niacin‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning)‖ ...................................................................................................................... 54 ID 56: ―Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)‖ and ―Fat and carbohydrate metabolism‖ ................................................ 54 ID 57: ―Pantothenic Acid‖ and ―Mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)‖ ........................................................................................................................... 56 ID 58: ―Pantothenic Acid‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning)‖ .............................................................................................. 56 ID 59: ―Pantothenic Acid‖ and ―Macronutrient metabolism‖ ................................................................................. 56 ID 60: ―Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)‖ and ―Energy metabolism‖ ...................................................................... 57 ID 61: ―Vitamin B5 ‖ and ―Bone/Teeth/Hair/Skin and Nail health‖ ....................................................................... 57 ID 64: ―Pantothenic acid ‖ and ―Metabolism of fat‖ ............................................................................................... 57 ID 65: ―Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)‖ and ―Protein and Glycogen/ stored carbohydrate metabolism‖ ....................... 57 ID 66: ―Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)‖ and ―Nervous system function‖ ........................................................................ 59 ID 67: ―Vitamin B6 ‖ and ―Transport and metabolism of iron‖ .............................................................................. 60 ID 68: ―Vitamin B6 ‖ and ―Immune system function‖ ............................................................................................ 60 ID 69: ―Vitamin B6 ‖ and ―An essential co-factor in fatty acid metabolism that impacts upon hormonal health‖ ................................................................................................................................................................. 62 ID 70: ―Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)‖ and ―Protein metabolism‖ ................................................................................ 63 ID 71: ―Vitamin B6‖ and ―Glucose and macronutrient metabolism‖ ...................................................................... 64 ID 72: ―Vitamin B6‖ and ―Blood health‖ ................................................................................................................ 65 ID 73: ―Vitamin B6‖ and ―Homocysteine levels‖ ................................................................................................... 65 ID 74: ―Vitamin B6‖ and ―Bone/Teeth/ Hair / Skin and Nail health‖ ..................................................................... 67 ID 76: ―Vitamin B6‖ and ―Heart Health‖ ................................................................................................................ 68 ID 77: ―Vitamin B6‖ and ―Heart Health‖ ................................................................................................................ 70 ID 79: ―Folate/ Folic acid (Vitamin B9)‖ and ―Blood formation‖ .......................................................................... 71 ID 80: ―Folate/ Folic acid (Vitamin B9)‖ and ―Homocysteine metabolism ‖ ......................................................... 73 ID 81: ―Folate‖ and ―Mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)‖ ............................................................................................................................................ 78 ID 83: ―Folate‖ and ―Eye health‖ ............................................................................................................................ 82 4 ID 85: ―Folic acid‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning)‖ .............................................................................................. 83 ID 86: ―Folate‖ and ―Cognitive function‖ ............................................................................................................... 83 ID 87: ―Folic acid‖ and ―Eye health, folic acid with vitamin E and C‖ .................................................................. 85 ID 88: ―Folic acid‖ and ―Cognitive health‖ ............................................................................................................. 85 ID 90: ―Folic acid‖ and ―The role of water-soluble vitamins in energy metabolism / transformation of food into physiological energy‖................................................................................................................................... 86 ID 91: ―Folic acid‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity‖ ............................................................. 86 ID 92: ―Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)‖ and ―Blood formation‖ .......................................................................... 87 ID 93: ―Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)‖ and ―Cell division (such as in the gastrointestinal tract)‖ ..................... 91 ID 94: ―Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)‖ and ―Vascular function / Cardiovascular health ‖ ............................................ 92 ID 95: ―Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)‖ and ―Neurological system: structure and function ‖ ............................. 96 ID 96: ―Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)‖ and ―Homocysteine metabolism‖ .......................................................... 96 ID 97: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―Neurological system: structure and function‖ .......................................................... 100 ID 98: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―Cognitive function in ageing‖ ................................................................................... 101 ID 99: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―Energy metabolism: propionate and amino acids‖ ................................................... 103 ID 100: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―Structure and function of the neurological system‖ ............................................... 104 ID 101: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―Blood function‖ ...................................................................................................... 104 ID 102: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―Nerve system and cognitive function‖ .................................................................... 104 ID 103: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―Homocysteine levels‖ ............................................................................................. 105 ID 104: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―Bone/Teeth/ Hair / Skin and Nail health‖ ............................................................... 105 ID 106: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―Heart Health‖ .......................................................................................................... 105 ID 107: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity‖ .................................................... 106 ID 109: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning)‖ ............................................................................................ 107 ID 111: ―Vitamin B12‖ and ―Strong healthy bones‖ ............................................................................................. 108 ID 112: ―Folic acid, vitamins B12, B6‖ and ―Homocysteine metabolism‖ ........................................................... 109 ID 113: ―Biotin‖ and ―Protein and amino acid metabolism‖ ................................................................................. 109 ID 114: ―Biotin‖ and ―Fat, carbohydrate, energy metabolism‖ ............................................................................. 110 ID 115: ―Biotin‖ and ―Normal structure and function of skin and mucosa‖ ......................................................... 111 ID 116: ―Biotin‖ and ―Neurological system function‖ .......................................................................................... 112 ID 117: ―Biotin‖ and ―Fat metabolism and energy production‖ ............................................................................ 112 ID 118: ―Biotin‖ and ―Hair Growth & Follicle Formation‖ .................................................................................. 113 ID 120: ―Biotin‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning)‖ .................................................................................................................... 113 ID 121: ―Biotin‖ and ―Bone/Teeth/ Hair / Skin and Nail health‖ ......................................................................... 114 ID 123: ―Vitamin K‖ and ―Bone structure‖ ........................................................................................................... 115 5 ID 124: ―Vitamin K1 + K2‖ and ―Hearth health‖ ................................................................................................. 119 ID 125: ―Vitamin K2‖ and ―Vascular health ‖ ...................................................................................................... 120 ID 126: ―Vitamin K‖ and ―Blood coagulation‖ ..................................................................................................... 122 ID 127: ―Vitamin K‖ and ―Bone integrity‖ ........................................................................................................... 123 ID 128: ―Vitamin K‖ and ―Bone calcification‖ ..................................................................................................... 124 ID 129: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Protection of body tissues and cells from oxidative damage. Antioxidant activity/Antioxidant‖ ......................................................................................................................................... 125 ID 130: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Structure and function of blood vessels‖ .................................................................... 126 ID 131: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Connective tissue - structure and function: bones, teeth, gums, skin, healng processes. Normal collagen formation‖ ............................................................................................................ 127 ID 132: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Iron absorption ‖ ......................................................................................................... 131 ID 133: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Neurological system function‖ ................................................................................... 132 ID 134:―Vitamin C‖ and ―Immune system function‖ ............................................................................................ 135 ID 135: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Energy metabolism: carnitine biosynthesis‖ .............................................................. 140 ID 136: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Healthy gums‖ ............................................................................................................ 141 ID 137: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Healthy skin‖ .............................................................................................................. 145 ID 138: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Antioxidants and ageing‖ ........................................................................................... 145 ID 140: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning)‖ ............................................................................................ 146 ID 141: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Eye health, free radical scavenger‖ ............................................................................ 146 ID 142: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Eye health‖.................................................................................................................. 148 ID 143: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Cell protection from free radical damage‖ ................................................................. 149 ID 144: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Oxidative stress‖ and ―Acts as antioxidant and helps protect the body tissues against the potentially damaging effects of free radicals‖ ................................................................................ 150 ID 146: ―Vitamin C‖ and ―Promotes the antioxidative function of lutein‖ ........................................................... 150 ID 147: ―Vitamin–C 1‖ and ―Due to its reducing power vitamin C can improve absorption of non-haem iron‖ ................................................................................................................................................................... 151 ID 148: ―Vitamin – C 2‖ and ―Antioxidant properties‖ ........................................................................................ 151 ID 149: ―Vitamin-C 3‖ and ―Vitamin C is a cofactor for several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of collagen‖............................................................................................................................................................ 151 ID 150: ―Vitamin D‖ and ―Bone health/bone strength. Includes bone structure, bone mineralisation, bone desity‖................................................................................................................................................................ 152 ID 151: ―Vitamin D‖ and ―Teeth mineralization‖ ................................................................................................. 156 ID 152: ―Vitamin D‖ and ―Absoprtion and utilisation of Calcium, Phosphorus‖ ................................................. 157 ID 153: ―Vitamin D‖ and ―Cell division‖ .............................................................................................................. 162 ID 154: ―Vitamin D‖ and ―Immune system‖ ......................................................................................................... 163 ID 155: ―Vitamin D‖ and ―Muscle‖....................................................................................................................... 169 ID 156: ―Vitamin D‖ and ―Endocrine/thyroid metabilsm‖ .................................................................................... 170 ID 157: ―Vitamin D‖ and ―Normal blood calcium levels‖ .................................................................................... 170 ID 158: ―Vitamin D‖ and ―Normal bone and tooth formation‖ ............................................................................. 171 6 ID 159: ―Vitamin D3‖ and ―Vitamin D3 has long been known to aid in calcium absorbtion, but new research shows that D3 also plays a role in cardiovascular function and supports healthy inflammatory response‖ .... 172 ID 160: ―Vitamin E‖ and ―Protection of body tissues, cells, membranes and lipids from oxidative damage (such as the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in red blood cell membranes). Antioxidant activity‖ ... 172 ID 161: ―Vitamin E‖ and ―Normal immune system function‖ .............................................................................. 176 ID 162: ―Vitamin E‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity‖ ........................................................ 179 ID 163: ―Vitamin E‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in immunity‖ ........................................................ 183 ID 164: ―Vitamin E‖ and ―Bone/Teeth/Hair/Skin and Nail health‖ ...................................................................... 186 ID 166: ―Vitamin E‖ and ―Hearth health‖ ............................................................................................................. 187 ID 167: ―Vitamin E‖ and ―Eye health; vitamin E, C are found in the lens of the eye; acts jointly with vitamin C‖....................................................................................................................................................................... 188 ID 168: ―Vitamin E‖ and ―Eye health‖ .................................................................................................................. 188 ID 169: ―ZMA (comprises the minerals zinc and magnesium, and also containsvitamin B6)‖ and ―Supports an increase in muscle strength when taken in conjunction with resistance exercise‖ ...................................... 189 ID 171: ―Dexpanthenol‖ and ―Energy metabolism‖ .............................................................................................. 189 ID 172: ―Dexpanthenol‖ and ―Fat metabolism‖ .................................................................................................... 190 ID 175: ―Folic acid (syn.: Vitamin B9)‖ and ―Cardiovascular health‖ ................................................................. 190 ID 176: ―Calcium L-methylfolate (syn.: L-5-methyltetra-hydrofolic acid, calcium salt; Vitamin B9), MetafolinTM‖ and ―Cardiovascular health‖ ..................................................................................................... 193 ID 178: ―Beta carotene‖ and ―Skin ageing/skin health‖ ........................................................................................ 196 ID 179: ―Beta carotene in combination with vitamin C and E‖ and ―Eye health and vision‖............................... 198 ID 181 ―Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)‖ and ―Synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones, A, D, B12 vitamins, neurotrans-mitters‖ ............................................................................................................................ 201 ID 183: ―Vitamin E‖ and ―Mental state and performance‖ ................................................................................... 201 ID 184: ―Group B vitamins‖ and ―Carbohydrates and energy metabolism‖ ......................................................... 202 ID 185: ―Vitamin B6‖ and ―Mental state and performance‖ ................................................................................. 202 ID 186: ―Name of Food product: Vitamin B6Description of food in terms of food legislation categories: food not covered by specific food legislation. Was food on Irish market before 1st July 2007: Yes‖ and ―Health benefits of food: Vitamin B6 helps the body effective use iron. Do benefits relate to a disease risk factor: No. Target group: All adults aged 18 years and over‖ ................................................................... 203 ID 190: ―Name of Food product: vitamin b12. Description of food in terms of food legislation categories: food not covered by specific food legislation. Was food on Irish market before 1st July 2007: Yes‖ and ―Health benefits of food: vitamin b12 and energy metabolism. Do benefits relate to a disease risk factor: No. Target group: All adults aged 18 years and over‖ ...................................................................................... 203 ID 192: ―Name of Food product: Folic Acid/ folate. Description of food in terms of food legislation categories: food not covered by specific food legislation. Was food on Irish market before 1st July 2007: No‖ and ―Health benefits of food: Folate helps keep arteries/ blood vessels healthy. Do benefits relate to a disease risk factor: No. Target group: All adults aged 18 years and over‖ .................................................... 203 ID 193: ―Name of Food product: Folate/ Folic Acid. Description of food in terms of food legislation categories: food not covered by specific food legislation. Was food on Irish market before 1st July 2007: Yes‖ and ―Health benefits of food: Folic Acid is essential for cell division. Do benefits relate to a disease risk factor: No. Target group: All adults aged 18 years and over‖ ................................................................... 205 ID 197: ―B-caroten‖ and ―Protection of tessues and skin against oxidant agents (sun rays exposure) Antioxidant activity‖ ......................................................................................................................................... 205 7 ID 198: ―Beta-carotene‖ and ―Immune health in relation to UV-radiation‖ ......................................................... 207 ID 199: ―Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)‖ and ―Homocysteine metabolism‖ ................................................................. 208 ID 201: ―Beta carotene in combination with vitamin E and vitamin C‖ and ―Eye health and vision‖ ................. 210 ID 205: ―Thiamin (B1)‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning)‖ ............................................................................................ 212 ID 206: ―Vitamin A‖ and ―Metabolism of iron‖ ................................................................................................... 213 ID 207: ―Riboflavin‖ and ―Antioxidant properties‖ .............................................................................................. 213 ID 208: ―Panthotenic acid‖ and ―Carbohydrate and amino-acid metabolism‖ ...................................................... 213 ID 209: ―Vitamin A‖ and ―Oxidative Stress. Acts as antioxidant and helps protect the body tissues against the potentially damaging effects of free radicals.‖ ............................................................................................ 213 ID 218: ―Boron‖ and ―Bone health‖ ...................................................................................................................... 213 ID 219: ―Boron‖ and ―Joint health/Bone metabolism‖ ......................................................................................... 217 ID 220: ―Boron as boric acid‖ and ―Joint health‖ ................................................................................................. 219 ID 221: ―Boron as boric acid‖ and ―Prostate health‖ ............................................................................................ 221 ID 222: ―Boron as boric acid‖ and ―Thyroid health‖ ............................................................................................ 222 ID 224: ―Calcium‖ and ―Bone health/ bone strength (includes bone structure, bone mineralisation, bone density), structure of teeth‖ ............................................................................................................................... 222 ID 225: ―Calcium‖ and ―Blood pressure‖ .............................................................................................................. 233 ID 226: ―Calcium‖ and ―Muscle function‖ ............................................................................................................ 234 ID 227: ―Calcium‖ and ―Nerve transmission/function‖ ........................................................................................ 238 ID 228: ―Calcium‖ and ―Weight management‖ ..................................................................................................... 239 ID 229: ―Calcium in dairy products‖ and ―Weight management‖ ......................................................................... 243 ID 230: ―Calcium‖ and ―Required for general body health: Bones and teeth; Nerves and muscles; Coagulation.‖..................................................................................................................................................... 247 ID 231: ―Calcium‖ and ―Structure of teeth‖ .......................................................................................................... 250 ID 233: ―Calcium‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning)‖ ............................................................................................ 253 ID 234: ―Calcium‖ and ―Calcium is also required for the activation of numerous enzymes involved in energy metabolism‖....................................................................................................................................................... 253 ID 235: ―Calcium‖ and ―Nerve and muscle function‖ ........................................................................................... 253 ID 236: ―Calcium‖ and ―Blood coagulation‖ ........................................................................................................ 254 ID 237: ―Calcium‖ and ―Colorectal cell protection‖ ............................................................................................. 255 ID 238: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Electrolyte balance‖ .................................................................................................. 258 ID 239: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Bone and teeth structure - necessary for building strong bones and teeth‖ .............. 260 ID 240: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Energy metabolism/Normal cellular energy supply‖ ................................................ 265 ID 241: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Normal muscle contraction including normal heartbeat‖ ......................................... 266 ID 242: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Nerve transmission/ function‖ .................................................................................. 269 ID 243: ―Magnesium‖ and ―An essential co-factor in fatty acid metabolism, that impacts upon hormonal health‖ ............................................................................................................................................................... 270 8 ID 245: ―Magnesium‖ and ―The role of vitamins and minerals in mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning)‖ ............................................................................................ 271 ID 246: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Brain function‖ ......................................................................................................... 271 ID 247: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Magnesium is an essential cofactor for more than 300 enzymes involved in biosynthetic processes and energy metabolism. ................................................................................................ 272 ID 248: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Normal energy metabolism‖ ..................................................................................... 274 ID 249: ―Iron‖ and ―Red blood cell and haemoglobin formation‖ ........................................................................ 274 ID 250: ―Iron‖ and ―Oxygen transport to the tissues‖ ........................................................................................... 275 ID 251: ―Iron‖ and ―Energy production‖ ............................................................................................................... 276 ID 252: ―Iron‖ and ―Immune system‖.................................................................................................................... 277 ID 253: ―Iron‖ and ―Cognitive development and function‖ .................................................................................. 279 ID 254: ―Iron‖ and ―Blood function‖..................................................................................................................... 283 ID 256: ―Iron‖ and ―Blood, oxygen transport‖ ...................................................................................................... 283 ID 259: ―Iron‖ and ―Normal functioning of the immune system‖ ......................................................................... 284 ID 260: ―Chromium‖ and ―Chromium has been shown to potentiate insulin action and thereby influences carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism‖ .................................................................................................... 284 ID 263: ―Copper‖ and ―Protection of body tissues and cells from oxidative damage; Antioxidant activity‖....... 288 ID 264: ―Copper‖ and ―Immune system‖ .............................................................................................................. 290 ID 265: ―Copper‖ and ―Connective tissues‖ .......................................................................................................... 291 ID 266: ―Copper‖ and ―Energy production‖ .......................................................................................................... 291 ID 267: ―Copper‖ and ―Neurological system structure and function‖ .................................................................. 292 ID 268: ―Copper‖ and ―Skin and hair pigment‖ .................................................................................................... 293 ID 269: ―Copper‖ and ―Transport and metabolism of iron‖ .................................................................................. 293 ID 270: ―Copper‖ and ―Iron metabolism‖ ............................................................................................................. 294 ID 271: ―Copper‖ and ―Hair, Nail, connective tissue formation‖ ......................................................................... 294 ID 274: ―Iodine‖ and ―Thyroide function and production of hormone, energy metabolism‖ ............................... 295 ID 275: ―Fluoride‖ and ―Tooth and enamel strength, remineralisation‖ ............................................................... 297 ID 276: ―Fluoride‖ and ―Teeth‖............................................................................................................................. 299 ID 277: ―Selenium‖ and ―Protection of body tissues and cells from oxidative damage; Antioxidant activity, Normal antioxidant activity‖ ............................................................................................................................. 299 ID 278: ―Selenium‖ and ―Immune system and normal immune function‖ ............................................................ 303 ID 279: ―Selenium‖ and ―Iodine utilisation/thyroid hormone production/normal thyroid hormone metabolism‖....................................................................................................................................................... 305 ID 280: ―Selenium‖ and ―Normal cardiovascular function/cardiovascular health‖ .............................................. 307 ID 281: ―Selenium‖ and ―Hair & Nail formation‖ ................................................................................................ 307 ID 282: ―Selenium‖ and ―Thyroid function‖ ......................................................................................................... 307 ID 283: ―Selenium‖ and ―Antioxidants and aging‖ ............................................................................................... 308 ID 284: ―Selenium‖ and ―Prostate Health‖ ............................................................................................................ 308 ID 285: ―Selenium‖ and ―Brain Health‖ ................................................................................................................ 309 9 ID 286: ―Selenium in Eggs and Egg Products, Selenium in Milk and Dairy Products‖ and ―Antioxidant to prevent oxidative stress, Proper thyroid function,Maintenance of cellular redox status‖ ................................ 309 ID 287: ―Silicon‖ and ―Silicon is required for normal bone and connective tissue formation‖ ............................ 309 ID 288: ―Silicon and Silicon (as stabilized 0ligomeric orthosilicic acid (OSA)‖ and ―Normal skin, hair and nails.‖................................................................................................................................................................. 313 ID 291: ―Zinc‖ and ―Immune system‖ ................................................................................................................... 314 ID 292: ―Zinc‖ and ―DNA synthesis/cell division‖ ............................................................................................... 321 ID 294: ―Zinc‖ and ―Protection of body tissues and cells from oxidative damage; Antioxidant activity, Antioxidative properties‖ .................................................................................................................................. 323 ID 295: ―Zinc‖ and ―Bone formation‖ ................................................................................................................... 326 ID 296: ―Zinc‖ and ―Mental performance (where mental performance stands for those aspects of brain and nerve functions which determine aspects like concentration, learning, memory and reasoning, as well as resistance to stress)‖ .......................................................................................................................................... 329 ID 297: ―Zinc‖ and ―Normal fertility‖ ................................................................................................................... 331 ID 298: ―Zinc‖ and ―Reproductive development‖ ................................................................................................. 331 ID 299: ―Zinc‖ and ―Required to maintain optimal muscle function‖ .................................................................. 331 ID 300: ―Zinc‖ and ―Reproduction in males‖ ........................................................................................................ 331 ID 302: ―Zinc‖ and ―An essential co-factor in fatty acid metabolism that impacts upon hormonal health‖ ........ 332 ID 305: ―Zinc‖ and ―Joint health‖ ......................................................................................................................... 333 ID 306: ―Zinc‖ and ―Cardiovascular health‖ ......................................................................................................... 334 ID 307: ―Zinc‖ and ―Prostate Health‖ ................................................................................................................... 334 ID 308: ―Zinc‖ and ―Thyroid Health‖ ................................................................................................................... 334 ID 309: ―Manganese‖ and ―Protection of body tissues and cells from oxidative damage; Antioxidant activity‖ ............................................................................................................................................................. 335 ID 310: ―Manganese‖ and ―Bone formation‖ ........................................................................................................ 336 ID 311: ―Manganese‖ and ―Energy metabolism‖ .................................................................................................. 337 ID 313: ―Molybdenum‖ and ―For amino acids (including uric acid) metabolism‖ ............................................... 338 ID 314: ―Sodium‖ and ―Water and electrolyte balance‖ ....................................................................................... 338 ID 315: ―Sodium‖ and ―Rehydration‖ ................................................................................................................... 339 ID 317: ―Sodium‖ and ―Hydration‖ ....................................................................................................................... 340 ID 318: ―Sodium phosphate‖ and ―Supports an increase in performance during maximal aerobic exercise lasting 10 minutes or longer‖ ............................................................................................................................ 340 ID 319: ―Potassium‖ and ―Water and electrolyte balance‖ ................................................................................... 341 ID 320: ―Potassium‖ and ―Signal transduction and muscle contraction‖ .............................................................. 343 ID 321: ―Potassium‖ and ―Blood pressure‖ ........................................................................................................... 345 ID 322: ―Potassium‖ and ―Rehydration‖ ............................................................................................................... 346 ID 324: ―Phosphorus‖ and ―Structure of bones and teeth‖ .................................................................................... 347 ID 325: ―Chloride as Na-, K-, Ca-, Mg-salts‖ and ―Water and electrolyte balance‖ ............................................ 347 ID 326: ―Chloride as Na-, K-, Ca-, Mg-salts‖ and ―Stomach acid and digestion‖ ................................................ 348 ID 327: ―Phosphorus/Phosphates as Na-, K-, Ca-, Mg- salts‖ and ―Bone and teeth structure ‖ ........................... 348 10 ID 328: ―Phosphorus/Phosphates as Na-, K-, Ca-, Mg- salts‖ and ―Cell membrane's structure (in the form of phospholipids)‖ ................................................................................................................................................. 349 ID 329: ―Phosphorus/Phosphates as Na-, K-, Ca-, Mg- salts‖ and ―Energy metabolism ...................................... 349 ID 330: ―Citrates as Na-, K-, Ca-, Mg-salts‖ and ―Acid/ base balance and bone health‖ ..................................... 350 ID 331: ―Carbonate/Bicarbonate as salts of Ca, Mg, Na, K‖ and ―Acid/ base balance and bone health‖ ............ 351 ID 332: ―Sodium, potassium and Chloride‖ and ―Electrolyte balance/rehydrationAcid/ base balance and bone health‖....................................................................................................................................................... 354 ID 333: ―cholinestabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA) (The mineral silicon (Si) is present in water as orthosilicic acid (OSA), ch-OSA is a stabilized and concentrated source of orthosilicic acid)‖ and ―Maintenance and promotion of healthy connective tissuein skin by stimulating collagen synthesis in the dermis.‖ ............................................................................................................................................................. 355 ID 334: ―cholinestabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA) (The mineral silicon (Si) is present in water as orthosilicic acid (OSA), ch-OSA is a stabilized and concentrated source of orthosilicic acid)‖ and ―Helps support hair quality by helping to maintain healthy connective tissue in the dermis.‖ .................................... 355 ID 335: ―cholinestabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA) (The mineral silicon (Si) is present in water as orthosilicic acid (OSA), ch-OSA is a stabilized and concentrated source of orthosilicic acid)‖ and ―Maintenance and promotion of healthy connective tissue in bone by stimulating bone collagen synthesis.‖ ......................................................................................................................................................... 357 ID 339: ―Chromium‖ and ―Weight control‖ .......................................................................................................... 359 ID 340: ―Manganese‖ and ―Mental state and performance‖ ................................................................................. 362 ID 341: ―Molybdenum‖ and ―Antioxidativity‖ ..................................................................................................... 362 ID 342: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity‖ ................................................... 362 ID 343: ―Magnesium + green tea extract ‖ and ―Carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity‖ ................... 363 ID 344: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Cardiovascular system‖ ............................................................................................ 365 ID 350: ―Vitamin D + Calcium‖ and ―Bone Health‖ ............................................................................................ 366 ID 351: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Antioxidant properties‖ ............................................................................................ 367 ID 352: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Immune system‖ ....................................................................................................... 367 ID 353: ―Sulphur‖ and ―Essential part of the connective tissues, skin and hair‖ .................................................. 367 ID 354: ―Dairy Calcium‖ and ―Bone Health, Bone structure, mineralisation & density‖ .................................... 367 ID 355: ―Calcium‖ and ―Normal functioning of digestion enzymes‖ ................................................................... 368 ID 356: ―Iodine‖ and ―Eye health/visual function‖ ............................................................................................... 368 ID 357: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Normal blood clotting‖ ............................................................................................. 368 ID 358: ―Silicon (as stabilized 0ligomeric orthosilicic acid (OSA)‖ and ―Immune health‖ ................................. 368 ID 359: ―Sodium‖ and ―Muscle function‖ ............................................................................................................. 368 ID 360: ―Zinc‖ and ―Acid-base metabolism‖ ........................................................................................................ 368 ID 361: ―Zinc‖ and ―Involvement in vitamin A metabolism and process of vision‖ ............................................ 369 ID 364: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Protein synthesis‖ ..................................................................................................... 369 ID 365: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Cell division‖ ............................................................................................................ 369 ID 366: ―Magnesium‖ and ―Blood pressure‖ ........................................................................................................ 369 ID 368: ―Iron‖ and ―Cell division‖ ........................................................................................................................ 370 ID 369: ―Copper‖ and ―Cholesterol and glucose metabolism‖ ............................................................................. 370 11 ID 370: ―Iodine‖ and ―Hair, nail, skin‖ ................................................................................................................. 370 ID 371: ―Fluoride‖ and ―Bones‖ ............................................................................................................................ 370 ID 373: ―Phosphorus‖ and ―Energy production‖ ................................................................................................... 370 ID 376: ―Magnesium hydroxide‖ and ―Acide-base balance / Gastric acidity‖ ..................................................... 371 ID 384: ―Haem iron present in meat, poultry and fish‖ and ―Improvement in contribution to iron intake due to better availability‖ ......................................................................................................................................... 371 ID 385: ―Calcium (as a citrate salt derived from the red seaweed Lithothamnion Corallioides, Trade name Aquamin S). Description of food in terms of food legislation categories: Food supplement‖ and ―Health benefits of food: Calcium promotes a healthy heart. Do benefits relate to a disease risk factor: No .Target group: All of the general population including children and adults‖ ................................................................ 372 ID 386: ―Name of Food product: Potassium .Description of food in terms of food legislation categories: food not covered by specific food legislation .Was food on Irish market before 1st July 2007: Yes‖ and ―Health benefits of food: Potassium plays an important role in nerve function. Do benefits relate to a disease risk factor: No. Target group: All of the general population including children and adults‖ .............. 373 ID 387: ―MSM - methylsulfonylmetan‖ and ―pH balance‖ ................................................................................... 373 ID 388: ―MSM - methylsulfonylmetan‖ and ―regeneration of cartilage‖ .............................................................. 373 ID 389: ―Methylsulfonylmethane‖ and ―Supports the human motion mechanism - might help with production of colagene‖ .................................................................................................................................... 373 ID 394: ―MSM - methylsulfonylmetan‖ and ―Important for collagen synthesis in cartilage and for structure of bones, joints, teeth, hair and nails.‖ .............................................................................................................. 373 ID 395: ―MSM - methylsulfonylmetan‖ and ―Joint health‖ .................................................................................. 374 ID 396: ―Selenium‖ and ―spermatogenesis‖ .......................................................................................................... 374 ID 398: ―Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid mixture‖ and ―Anti-acid that helps digestion‖ ............................... 376 ID 414: ―Protein‖ and ―Satiety / Weight management‖ ........................................................................................ 376 ID 415: ―Protein/ essential amino acids‖ and ―Essential for growth, development and maintenance of the body/body tissues/body function‖ ..................................................................................................................... 379 ID 416: ―Protein ‖ and ―Bone health‖ ................................................................................................................... 383 ID 417: ―Protein ‖ and ―Muscle maintenance and recovery‖ ................................................................................ 386 ID 418: ―Whey protein‖ and ―Promotes protein synthesis when taken after resistance exercise‖........................ 386 ID 419: ―Whey protein‖ and ―Supports an increase in lean body mass when combined with exercise and a hypercaloric diet‖ .............................................................................................................................................. 388 ID 420: ―Whey protein‖ and ―Supports a decrease in body fat when combined with exercise and a hypocaloric diet‖ ............................................................................................................................................... 390 ID 421: ―Whey protein‖ and ―Supports a gain in lean body mass during periods of energy restriction‖ ............. 391 ID 422: ―Whey protein‖ and ―Supports an increase in strength when combined with resistance exercise‖ ......... 392 ID 424: ―Whey protein‖ and ―Supports a healthy immune system‖...................................................................... 392 ID 425: ―Whey protein‖ and ―Increases satiety‖ ................................................................................................... 394 ID 426: ―Whey protein‖ and ―Muscle mass maintenance in the elderly‖ ............................................................. 395 ID 427: ―Whey protein‖ and ―Maintenance and growth of muscle‖ ..................................................................... 396 ID 428: ―Whey protein‖ and ―Physical Performance‖ .......................................................................................... 396 ID 429: ―Whey Prot*omegaein‖ and ―Muscle strength and body composition‖ .................................................. 399 ID 431: ―Whey protein Hydrolysate‖ and ―Muscle Recovery‖ ............................................................................. 401 12 ID 434: ―Glutamine‖ and ―Supporting glycogen replenishment‖ ......................................................................... 401 ID 435: ―Soy Protein‖ and ―Antioxidant health‖................................................................................................... 403 ID 436: ―Beta alanine‖ and ―Increases muscle carnosine, the intracellular buffering agent proposed to be responsible for the beneficial effects on short-duration high intensity exercise‖ ............................................. 403 ID 438: ―Beta alanine‖ and ―Increasing Time to Exhaustion‖ .............................................................................. 404 ID 439: ―Beta alanine‖ and ―Increasing Training Volume & Work‖ .................................................................... 405 ID 441: ―GAKIC (amino acids glycine and arginine, with alpha-ketoiscaproic acid (KIC)‖ and ―Improves exercise performance‖ ....................................................................................................................................... 406 ID 442: ―Branched-chain amino acids‖ and ―Reduces protein breakdown after exercise‖ ................................... 407 ID 443: ―Attenuates the decline in power output following exercise at high altitude‖ and ―Reduces protein breakdown after exercise‖ ................................................................................................................................. 408 ID 444: ―Attenuates the decline in power output following exercise at high altitude‖ and ―Increases protein synthesis‖ .......................................................................................................................................................... 409 ID 445: ―Attenuates the decline in power output following exercise at high altitude‖ and ―Recovery. Increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle during recovery from sustained strength exercise‖ ................. 410 ID 451: ―Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) ,L-leucine L-valine L-isoleucine‖ and ―Improvement of muscle recovery after exercise Improvement of muscle protein synthesis‖ ..................................................... 411 ID 456: ―Arginine‖ and ―For muscle integrity and haematopoiesis (red blood cells building)‖........................... 412 ID 459: ―Carbohydrates‖ and ―Physical endurance ............................................................................................... 412 ID 463: ―Carbohydrates - non-cariogenic e.g. isomaltulose; tagatose, polyols, polydextrose. Absence of, or low , fermentable carbohydrates‖ and ―Dental health‖ ..................................................................................... 414 ID 464: ―Polydextrose‖ and ―Dental health‖ ......................................................................................................... 418 ID 474: ―Carbohydrates that induce a low glycaemic response‖ and ―Low impact on blood glucose/low glycaemic response/improved blood glucose control‖ ...................................................................................... 418 ID 475: ―Carbohydrates that induce a reduced glycaemic response‖ and ―Lower impact on blood glucose/ lower glycaemic response; improved blood glucose control‖........................................................................... 421 ID 480: ―Carbohydrates with a low glycaemic index (GI)‖ and ―Impact on blood glucose / Glycemic control / Glycemic response‖......................................................................................................................................... 424 ID 481: ―Carbohydrates with a low glycaemic index (GI)‖ and ―Serum cholesterol‖ .......................................... 427 ID 482: ―Carbohydrates with a low glycaemic index (GI)‖ and ―Satiety‖ ............................................................ 428 ID 483: ―Carbohydrates with a low glycaemic response‖ and ―Low impact on blood glucose / Low glycemic repsonse / Improved blood glucose control (= benefits discussed with respect to the dietary management of body weight regulation, insulin sensitivity, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome)‖ ................................. 430 ID 484: ―Carbohydrates with a reduced glycemic response ‖ and ―Lower impact on blood glucose/ lower glycemic response; improved blood glucose control‖ ...................................................................................... 433 ID 485: ―Xylitol‖ and ―Plaque reduction‖ ............................................................................................................. 436 ID 486: ―Xylitol‖ and ―Tooth remineralisation‖ ................................................................................................... 438 ID 489: ―Essential fatty acid Linoleic Acid (LA - omega 6) ‖ and ―Blood cholesterol‖ ...................................... 439 ID 493: ―Essential fatty acid Alpha-linolenic acid (LNA - omega 3) ‖ and ―Blood cholesterol‖ ......................... 442 ID 494: ―Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA; C18: 3n-6/C18: 3?6) provided by evening primrose oil and/or borage (starflower) oil‖ and ―Joint health‖ ................................................................................................................... 445 ID 496: ―Gamma linolenic acid‖ and ―GLA reduces regaining weight in overweight individuals‖ ..................... 446 ID 498: ―CLA (conjugated linoleic acid)‖ and ―Supports lean body mass‖ ......................................................... 446 13 ID 502: ―Long chain Omega 3 fatty acids‖ and ―Blood pressure - n-3 LC-PUFA cause relaxation in the neighbouring blood vessel to dilate influencing blood pressure‖ ..................................................................... 448 ID 503: ―Omega-3 fatty acids, DHA/EPA, Marine oils such as fish oil, cod liver oil containing DHA and EPA‖ and ―Joint health‖ .................................................................................................................................... 455 ID 505: ―Marine oils such as cod liver oil and fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA: C20:5 n-3) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3) or long-chain n-3 (omega 3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA, LC omega 3 PUFA) or ‗Omega 3‘‖ and ―Joint health‖ ........................................................................ 455 ID 507: ―Fish oil, omega 3 fatty acids‖ and ―Joint health‖ ................................................................................... 457 ID 508: ―Omega 3 fatty acids‖ and ―Eye health‖ .................................................................................................. 458 ID 511: ―Long chain Omega 3 fatty acids (EPA/DPA/DHA)‖ and ―Joint health‖ ............................................... 459 ID 513: ―Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA‖ and ―Brain, eye and nerve development and function‖ ............................................................................................................................................................ 460 ID 515: ―Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA‖ and ―HDL (good) cholesterol‖ ................................. 464 ID 517: ―Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA‖ and ―Healthy triglyceride levels‖ ............................. 465 ID 518: ―Long Chain Fatty Acids (EPA/DHA)‖ and ―Joint Mobility‖ ................................................................. 470 ID 519: ―Long Chain Fatty Acids (EPA/DHA)‖ and ―Brain and Eye Function‖ .................................................. 470 ID 521: ―Long Chain Fatty Acids (EPA/DHA)‖ and ―Brain Function‖ ................................................................ 472 ID 524: ―Omega-3 fish body oil - PUFAs‖ and ―Immunity maintenance and joint care‖ ..................................... 477 ID 526: ―Omega-3 stable fish body oil‖ and ―Joint health‖ .................................................................................. 478 ID 528: ―Fish oils / Omega 3 fatty acids‖ and ―Blood lipids‖ ............................................................................... 479 ID 529: ―Omega 3 fatty acids (DHA/EPA)‖ and ―Eye health‖ ............................................................................. 479 ID 530: ―Omega 3 fatty acids (DHA/EPA)‖ and ―Skin health‖ ............................................................................ 480 ID 533: ―Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‖ and ―Heart health‖ ............................................................................... 481 ID 535: ―Fish oil 2N-3 (EPA, DHA)‖ and ―n-3 are essential fatty acids and have critical roles in the membrane structure and as precursors of eicosanoids‖ .................................................................................... 483 ID 537: ―EPA and DHA Omega-3 fatty acids‖ and ―Joint health‖ ....................................................................... 484 ID 548: ―Echium oil‖ and ―Lowering of blood triglycerides‖ ............................................................................... 485 ID 550: ―Plant sterols‖ and ―Cholesterol levels‖ ................................................................................................... 485 ID 551: ―Pine nut oil‖ and ―Satiety‖ ...................................................................................................................... 489 ID 552: ―Phosphatidylserine‖ and ―Memory and cognitive functioning in the elderly‖ ....................................... 490 ID 558: ―Fructose‖ and ―Carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity‖ ........................................................ 493 ID 562: ―Xylitol-sweetened chewing gum‖ and ―Mouth, teeth‖ ........................................................................... 494 ID 563: ―Xylitol in candy and bakery industry products and in dairy products‖ and ―Mouth, teeth‖ .................. 497 ID 564: ―CLA or conjugated linoleic acid‖ and ―Antioxidativity‖ ....................................................................... 498 ID 566: ―EPA and DHA fatty acids‖ and ―Carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity‖ ............................ 498 ID 570: ―Berry seed oils (super-critical carbon dioxide extract)‖ and ―Antioxidativity‖ ..................................... 498 ID 575: ―Omega-3 fatty acids/alpha-linoleic acid‖ and ―Cardiovascular system / Nervous system‖ ................... 498 ID 576: ―Omega-3 fatty acids/alpha-linoleic acid‖ and ―Nutrient tasks and interactions‖ ................................... 498 ID 577: ―Palm/oat oil fatty acid‖ and ―Weight control‖ ........................................................................................ 499 ID 580: ―Rapeseed oil‖ and ―Cardiovascular system‖ .......................................................................................... 499 14 ID 581: ―Cheese-like product containing rapeseed oil /MUFA, PUFA‖ and ―Cardiovascular system‖ ............... 499 ID 588: ―Sea buckthorn seed oil and pulp oil / SBA 24 Sea buckthorn oil: standardised compound of carbon dioxide extracted sea buckthorn seed oil and pulp oil + vitamin E‖ and ―Skin‖ .............................................. 500 ID 593: ―Proteins‖ and ―Maintenance of muscle mass of elderly people‖ ............................................................ 501 ID 594: ―Proteins‖ and ―Development of muscle mass of strength athletes‖........................................................ 503 ID 595: ―Proteins‖ and ―Reconstruction and repair of muscle proteins after exercise in endurance athletes‖ ..... 505 ID 596: ―L-tryptophan‖ and ―Mental health‖ ........................................................................................................ 506 ID 597: ―Sulfur amino acids: methionine and cystine‖ and ―Hair and nails health‖ ............................................ 507 ID 598: ―Soy proteins‖ and ―Weight control‖ ....................................................................................................... 508 ID 599: ―Wheat (Triticum vulgare)‖ and ―Cholesterol‖ ........................................................................................ 508 ID 600: ―Wheat (Triticum vulgare)‖ and ―Skin hydration / Skin protection‖ ....................................................... 509 ID 612: ―Taurine‖ and ―Antioxidant activity‖ ....................................................................................................... 509 ID 614: ―Taurine‖ and ―Energy metabolism‖ ........................................................................................................ 509 ID 615: ―Special hydrolysed milk proteins‖ and ―ACE inhibitor‖ ........................................................................ 510 ID 616: ―Hyperproteins pasta (FPP-P-0702)‖ and ―Satiety / Weight management‖ ............................................. 513 ID 617: ―Isomaltulose‖ and ―Reduced speed of digestion and absorption results in lower glycemic and insulinemic response‖ ....................................................................................................................................... 514 ID 618: ―Polyols‖ and ―Remineralisation of teeth‖ ............................................................................................... 516 ID 619: ―Polyols‖ and ―Low glycemic properties‖ ............................................................................................... 518 ID 621: ―Unsaturated fats / fatty acids (poly and/or mono unsaturates)‖ and ―Blood cholesterol and artery / heart health‖ ...................................................................................................................................................... 519 ID 622: ―Unsaturated fats/fatty acids‖ and ―Function of the cell membrane‖ ...................................................... 522 ID 625: ―Alpha-linolenic acid (LNA-Omega 3)‖ and ―Blood pressure - n-3 LNA cause relaxation in the neighbouring blood vessel to dilate influencing blood pressure‖ ..................................................................... 522 ID 627: ―DHA omega-3 fatty acid‖ and ―Brain, eye and nerve development‖ ..................................................... 523 ID 628: ―Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‖ and ―Supportive measure for male fertility through providing the motility agent for spermatozoa tails‖ ................................................................................................................ 525 ID 629: ―Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‖ and ―Weight management‖ .................................................................. 526 ID 630: ―Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‖ and ―Supportive measure to reduce the level of oxidised cholesterol (‗in vivo‘ research)‖ ........................................................................................................................ 527 ID 632: ―Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‖ and ―Visual Health and Function‖ ....................................................... 528 ID 634: ―Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)‖ and ―Supportive measure for a calm behaviour, and for learning abilities‖ ............................................................................................................................................................ 529 ID 635: ―Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)‖ and ―Undesirable weight loss‖ .............................................................. 531 ID 636: ―Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)‖ and ―Supportive measure to reduce the level of oxidised cholesterol (‗in vivo‘ research)‖ .......................................................................................................................................... 531 ID 637: ―Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)‖ and ―Joint health‖ ................................................................................. 532 ID 638: ―Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)‖ and ―Maintaining hands and feet in good condition (supportive measure for microcirculation and peripheral nerves)‖ ...................................................................................... 533 ID 643: ―Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT)‖ and ―Weight management‖ ....................................................... 533 ID 647: ―Isomaltulose (Palatinose™)‖ and ―Dental health‖ ................................................................................. 537 15 ID 649: ―L-arginine‖ and ―Erection‖ ..................................................................................................................... 542 ID 650: ―L-arginine‖ and ―Spermatogenesis‖ ....................................................................................................... 542 ID 652: ―Polyphenols‖ and ―Oxidative stress reduction‖ ...................................................................................... 542 ID 653: ―Carbohydrates providing a source of glucose‖ and ―Cognitive/mental performance; alertness; attention; memory‖ ............................................................................................................................................ 544 ID 654: ―Carbohydrates‖ and ―Reconstitution of liver and muscle glycogen stores‖ ........................................... 548 ID 660: ―Casein protein hydrolysate‖ and ―Physical performance‖ ...................................................................... 549 ID 661: ―Lactotripeptides‖ and ―Blood pressure‖ ................................................................................................. 551 ID 663: ―L-Lysine‖ and ―Bones‖ ........................................................................................................................... 553 ID 665: ―L-Cystine/cysteine‖ and ―Epidermic tissue‖ .......................................................................................... 553 ID 666: ―L-Methionine‖ and ―Epidermic tissue‖ .................................................................................................. 554 ID 668: ―Lactose (milk sugar)‖ and ―Calcium absorption‖ ................................................................................... 554 ID 669: ―Isomaltulose (Palatinose™)‖ and ―The considerably slow digestion (but total digestion), and absorption of isomaltulose (disaccharide) in comparison to that of sacharose result a lower glycaemic index and insulinemic response‖ ....................................................................................................................... 556 ID 670: ―Fats‖ and ―Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins‖ ..................................................................................... 558 ID 677: ―Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT)‖ and ―Weight management‖ ....................................................... 558 ID 681: ―Resistant starch- type 2 (RS) from high amylose maize‖ and ―Healthy blood glucose/sugar levels‖ .... 561 ID 682: ―Resistant starch- type 2 (RS) from high amylose maize‖ and ―Digestive health benefits‖ .................... 562 ID 683: ―Beta-alanine‖ and ―Physical performance‖ ............................................................................................ 563 ID 684: ―Branched chain amino acids (Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine)‖ and ―Muscle metabolism‖ ....................... 564 ID 686: ―Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)‖ and ―Weight management‖ ............................................................... 565 ID 690: ―Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‖ and ―Cognitive function in the elderly‖ ............................................... 566 ID 691: ―Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‖ and ―Heart health‖ ............................................................................... 567 ID 696: ―Evening Primrose Oil (EPO), Oenothera spp. and Fish Oil (FO) providing long chain omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids [gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)]‖ and ―Joint Health‖ ... 568 ID 697: ―Evening primrose oil and fish oil‖ and ―Bone health‖ ........................................................................... 568 ID 698: ―Fish oils / Omega 3 fatty acids‖ and ―Blood lipids‖ ............................................................................... 569 ID 700: ―Glutamine‖ and ―Mental health‖ ............................................................................................................ 571 ID 706: ―Methionine‖ and ―Lipid metabolism‖..................................................................................................... 571 ID 707: ―Monounsaturated fatty acids from tallow (cetyl myristate, cetyl myristoleate, cetyl palmitoleate, cetyl laurate, cetyl palmitate, cetyl oleate) [CeladrinTM]‖ and ―Joint health and mobility‖ ............................. 572 ID 708: ―Phenylalanine‖ and ―Mental health‖ ...................................................................................................... 572 ID 709: ―Phosphatidyl choline / lecithin‖ and ―Cholesterol / heart health‖ .......................................................... 573 ID 710: ―Phosphatidyl choline / lecithin‖ and ―Cognitive function‖ .................................................................... 573 ID 711: ―Phosphatidylserine‖ and ―Memory and cognitive functioning in the elderly‖ ....................................... 574 ID 713: ―Phytosterols (mixture of Beta-sitosterol, Campesterol, Stigmasterol, Brassicasterol, Stigmastanol, Ergostanol, Campestanol)‖ and ―Cholesterol metabolism‖ .............................................................................. 575 ID 715: ―Protein‖ and ―Supports skeletal muscle protein accretion‖ .................................................................... 577 ID 716: ―Stearic acid‖ and ―Lipid metabolism‖ .................................................................................................... 579 16 ID 718: ―Carbohydrates in dairy products‖ and ―Foods with a low glycemic index (GI) give a low and slow blood glucose response‖ .................................................................................................................................... 579 ID 719: ―Glutamine‖ and ―Increasing cell swelling / volumization‖ .................................................................... 580 ID 721: ―Glutamine‖ and ―Supporting exercise recovery‖ .................................................................................... 580 ID 722: ―Glutamine‖ and ―Muscle protein metabolism‖ ....................................................................................... 580 ID 724: ―Lactose naturally present in dairy products‖ and ―Dental health‖ ......................................................... 580 ID 726: ―Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)‖ and ―Weight management‖ ............................................................... 580 ID 730: ―Protein‖ and ―Satiety / Weight management‖ ........................................................................................ 582 ID 732: ―Essential fatty acid Linoleic Acid (LA - omega 6)‖ and ―Brain development and maturation of neurosensorial functions‖ .................................................................................................................................. 584 ID 733: ―Glutamine‖ and ―Immune health‖........................................................................................................... 584 ID 734: ―Phosphatidylserine‖ and ―Mental health / Cognitive function‖ ............................................................. 587 ID 735: ―Caffeine (from tea/coffee/chocolate or added in pure form)‖ and ―Fat metabolism/Energy expenditure‖ ...................................................................................................................................................... 589 ID 736: ―Caffeine (from tea/coffee/chocolate or added in pure form)‖ and ―Cognitive and mental performance‖ ..................................................................................................................................................... 590 ID 737: ―Caffeine (from tea/coffee/chocolate or added in pure form)‖ and ―Physical Performance (short term and endurance activities)‖ ......................................................................................................................... 592 ID 738: ―Carnitine‖ and ―Fat metabolism‖ ............................................................................................................ 594 ID 739: ―Creatine‖ and ―Energy metabolism‖ ....................................................................................................... 595 ID 743: ―Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‖ and ―Eye health‖ .................................................................................. 597 ID 744: ―Dietary fibre‖ and ―Bowel function; Normal gastrointestinal function, Colonic function‖ ................... 599 ID 745: ―Dietary fibre‖ and ―Satiety‖ .................................................................................................................... 606 ID 746: ―Dietary fibre‖ and ―Reduction of glycemic response‖ ........................................................................... 612 ID 747: ―Dietary fibre‖ and ―Normal cardiovascular function‖ ............................................................................ 618 ID 748: ―Dietary fibre‖ and ―Normal glucose homeostasis‖ ................................................................................. 620 ID 750: ―Dietary fibre‖ and ―Cholesterol level‖ ................................................................................................... 620 ID 751: ―Sugar beet fibre‖ and ―Bowel function‖ ................................................................................................. 627 ID 752: ―Sugar beet fibre‖ and ―Blood glucose control, glycemic control; glycemic response‖ .......................... 634 ID 753: ―Dietary fibre‖ and ―Faecal bulking effect, fermentation substrate‖ ....................................................... 638 ID 754: ―Oats/ Oat beta-glucan‖ and ―Blood cholesterol‖ .................................................................................... 639 ID 755: ―Barley/Barley beta-glucan‖ and ―Blood cholesterol levels‖................................................................... 646 ID 756: ―BarleyTrimTM Barley Bran‖ and ―Contribution to the manteinance of healthy blood glucose levels‖ .. 652 ID 757: ―BarleyTrimTM Barley Bran‖ and ―Contribution to the manteinance of healthy blood cholesterol levels‖ ................................................................................................................................................................ 653 ID 758: ―Acacia gum (gum Arabic)‖ and ―prebiotic action: increase in beneficial bacteria in the colon‖ .......... 654 ID 759: ―Acacia gum (gum Arabic)‖ and ―Improved intestinal conditions (pH, SCFA production) and intestinal functions‖ .......................................................................................................................................... 655 ID 760: ―Galactoligo-saccharide (Arabino-galactans or Gum Acacia)‖ and ―Contains Prebiotic/ has prebiotic effect‖ ................................................................................................................................................................ 657 17 ID 761: ―Galactoligo-saccharide (Arabino-galactans or Gum Acacia)‖ and ―Beneficial effect on intestinal microflora, gut integrity, digestion‖ .................................................................................................................. 657 ID 763: ―Galacto-oligosaccharides‖ and ―Mantains a healthy normal digestive system‖ ..................................... 658 ID 765: ―Galacto-oligosaccharides‖ and ―Prebiotic/ Bifidogenic‖ ....................................................................... 659 ID 766: ―Inulin / oligofructose / Oligofructose-enriched inulin (specific selection of short & long chains) from chicory‖ and ―Prebiotic / Bifidogenic‖..................................................................................................... 664 ID 767: ―Inulin / FOS (ß2→1 linked fructans)‖ and ―Prebiotic/ Bifidogenic; Digestive Health ‖ ....................... 668 ID 769: ―Inulin / oligofructose / oligofructose-enriched inulin (specific selection of short & long chains) from chicory‖ and ―Improves digestive/ bowel function‖ ................................................................................ 673 ID 770: ―Inulin / oligofructose from chicory‖ and ―Improved Calcium absorption‖ ............................................ 675 ID 771: ―Oligofructose-enriched inulin (specific selection of short & long chains) from chicory‖ and ―Increased calcium absorption‖ ........................................................................................................................ 679 ID 772: ―Oligofructose-enriched inulin (specific selection of short & long chains) from chicory‖ and ―Increased bone mineral density‖...................................................................................................................... 681 ID 774: ―Fructoligosaccharides from sucrose‖ and ―Prebiotic / Bifidogenic‖ ...................................................... 683 ID 775: ―Fructoligosaccharides from sucrose‖ and ―Improved intestinal conditions (pH, SCFA production) and intestinal functions‖ .................................................................................................................................... 688 ID 776: ―Fructoligosaccharides from sucrose‖ and ―Increase mineral (Ca/Mg) absorption‖ ............................... 692 ID 777: ―Fructoligosaccharides from sucrose‖ and ―Mineral absorption‖ ............................................................ 695 ID 778: ―Fructoligosaccharides from sucrose‖ and ―Gastrointestinal conditions and functions‖ ........................ 697 ID 779: ―Fructoligosaccharides from sucrose‖ and ―Intestinal Bifidobacteria‖ ................................................... 698 ID 780: ―Fructo-oligosaccharide‖ and ―Prebiotic Effect‖ ..................................................................................... 700 ID 781: ―Fructo-oligosaccharide‖ and ―Beneficial effect on intestinal microflora, gut integrity, digestion‖ ....... 700 ID 782: ―Xylo-oligosaccharides‖ and ―Prebiotic/ Bifidogenic‖ ............................................................................ 703 ID 783: ―Resistant starch‖ and ―Favours a normal colon metabolism‖................................................................. 704 ID 785: ―Polydextrose‖ and ―Prebiotic/Bifidogenic‖ ............................................................................................ 706 ID 786: ―Pectins‖ and ―Reduces the postprandial levels of glucose‖ ................................................................... 708 ID 787: ―Partially Hydrolysed Guar Gum (PHGG)‖ and ―Bowel health/SCFA production‖ ............................... 708 ID 788: ―Partially Hydrolysed Guar Gum (PHGG)‖ and ―Bowel health/prebiotic effect‖ ................................... 714 ID 789: ―Partially Hydrolysed Guar Gum (PHGG)‖ and ―Glycemic response‖ ................................................... 715 ID 790: ―Partially Hydrolysed Guar Gum (PHGG)‖ and ―Weight management, obesity and satiety‖ ................. 716 ID 792: ―Partially Hydrolysed Guar Gum (PHGG)‖ and ―Energy and vitality‖ ................................................... 717 ID 793: ―PHGG‖ and ―Lipid management‖........................................................................................................... 717 ID 794: ―Guar Gum‖ and ―Impact on blood glucose/ Glycemic control/ Glycemic response‖ ............................ 719 ID 795: ―Guar Gum‖ and ―Satiety‖ ....................................................................................................................... 722 ID 796: ―Fibersol-2™ Brand name Pinefiber® in Japan (Chemical name in Japan:Indigestible dextrin.Also called resistant dextrin within theEuropean Union)‖ and ―Postprandial blood glucose‖ ................................. 723 ID 797: ―Fibersol-2™ Brand name Pinefiber® in Japan (Chemical name in Japan: Indigestible dextrin.Also called resistant dextrin within theEuropean Union)‖ and ―Bowel function‖ .................................................... 725 ID 798: ―Isomalto-oligosaccharides‖ and ―Low Glycemic Index‖ ........................................................................ 726 ID 799: ―Isomalto-oligosaccharides‖ and ―Prebiotic‖ ........................................................................................... 726 18 ID 801: ―Nutrim® Oat Bran‖ and ―Contribution to the maintenance of healthy blood cholesterol levels‖ ......... 726 ID 802: ―Nutrim® Oat Bran‖ and ―Contribution to the maintenance of healthy blood cholesterol levels‖ ......... 727 ID 803: ―Dietary fibre‖ and ―Fat absorption‖ ........................................................................................................ 728 ID 805: ―Fructo-oligosaccharides from sucrose‖ and ―Blood lipids ‖ .................................................................. 733 ID 806: ―Lactulose‖ and ―Prebiotic/Bifidogenic‖ ................................................................................................. 735 ID 807: ―Lactulose‖ and ―Transit effect‖ .............................................................................................................. 735 ID 808: ―Guar Gum‖ and ―Cholesterol maintenance‖ ........................................................................................... 736 ID 809: ―Sugar beet fibre‖ and ―Contributes to healthy cholesterol levels‖ ......................................................... 737 ID 811: ―Water- soluble dietary fibre‖ and ―Blood cholesterol level‖ .................................................................. 739 ID 812: ―Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)‖ and ―Bowel function‖ ......................................................... 741 ID 813: ―Guar gum partially hydrolyzed‖ and ―Improved intestinal conditions (pH, SCFA production) and intestinal function.‖ ........................................................................................................................................... 741 ID 814: ―Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)‖ and ―Uniform blood sugar levels‖ ...................................... 743 ID 815: ―Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)‖ and ―Maintenance of normal cholesterol levels‖ ............... 743 ID 816: ―Partially Hydrolysed Guar Gum (PHGG)‖ and ―Heart Health/cholesterol maintenance‖ ..................... 745 ID 817: ―Isomalto-oligosaccharides‖ and ―Cholesterol maintenance‖ .................................................................. 747 ID 818: ―Pectins‖ and ―Cholesterol maintenance‖ ................................................................................................ 747 ID 820: ―Barley grain fibre‖ and ―Weight control‖ ............................................................................................... 747 ID 823: ―Oat grain fibre‖ and ―Weight control‖ .................................................................................................... 751 ID 826: ―Rye fibre‖ and ―Carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity‖ ....................................................... 754 ID 829: ―Wheat grain fibre‖ and ―Weight control‖ ............................................................................................... 755 ID 832: ―Wholegrain‖ and ―Weight control‖ ........................................................................................................ 758 ID 834: ―Konjac mannan (glucomannan)‖ and ―Bowel functions‖....................................................................... 759 ID 835: ―Konjac mannan (glucomannan)‖ and ―Glycemic control‖ ..................................................................... 760 ID 836: ―Konjac mannan (glucomannan)‖ and ―Cholesterol‖ .............................................................................. 761 ID 837: ―Xanthan‖ and ―Bowel functions‖ ........................................................................................................... 762 ID 838: ―Xanthan‖ and ―Appetite control‖............................................................................................................ 762 ID 839: ―Wheat Bran and Wheat Bran Enriched Foods‖ and ―Intestinal transit time; Intestinal health‖ ............. 762 ID 842: ―Acacia gum (gum Arabic)‖ and ―Blood glucose control‖ ...................................................................... 764 ID 843: ―Wheat Dextrin‖ and ―Bowel health/digestive health/bowel movement‖ ............................................... 765 ID 844: ―Wheat Dextrin‖ and ―Heart health‖ ........................................................................................................ 765 ID 845: ―Wheat Dextrin‖ and ―Reduction of glycemic response‖ ........................................................................ 767 ID 846: ―Wheat Dextrin‖ and ―Mineral adsorption‖ ............................................................................................. 767 ID 848: ―Inulin/Oligofructose‖ and ―Improved intestinal conditions (pH, SCFA production) and intestinal functions‖ .......................................................................................................................................................... 767 ID 849: ―Inulin/Oligofructose‖ and ―Improved Calcium/Ca absorption/uptake‖ ................................................. 768 ID 853: ―Hydrolised guar gum‖ and ―Bowel function‖ ......................................................................................... 770 ID 854: ―Glucomanan‖ and ―Weight management‖ .............................................................................................. 770 ID 856: ―Alpha-cyclodextrin (a soluble dietary fiber)‖ and ―Glucose homeostasis‖ ............................................ 771 19 ID 859: ―Bifidobacterium bifidum I-3426‖ and ―Digestive health‖ ...................................................................... 771 ID 860: ―Bifidobacterium bifidum I-3426‖ and ―Immune defenses / support of immunity‖ ................................ 772 ID 861: ―Bifidobacterium bifidum CNCM I-373‖ and ―Digestive Health‖ .......................................................... 772 ID 864: ―Bifidobacterium lactis B420‖ and ―Gut health‖ ..................................................................................... 773 ID 865: ―Bifidobacterium lactis HNO19 (AGAL NM97/09513)‖ and ―Gut health‖ ............................................ 773 ID 866: ―Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12 ®‖ and ―Intestinal flora; digestive system‖ ...................... 775 ID 867: ―Bifidobacterium animalis Lafti B94 (CBS118.529)‖ and ―Intestinal flora‖ .......................................... 780 ID 868: ―Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®‖ and ―Digestive system;Intestinal flora‖ ................................................................................................................... 781 ID 869: ―Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC SD5221) & Bifidobacterium lactis ATCC SD5220‖ and ―Natural defence/immune system‖ .................................................................................................................... 787 ID 870: ―Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5®‖ and ―Natural defence / immune system‖................................................................................................................................. 788 ID 871: ―Bifidobacterium breve I-3425‖and ―Digestive health‖........................................................................... 792 ID 873: ―Bifidobacterium breve I-3425‖and ―Immune defenses / support of immunity‖ ..................................... 792 ID 874: ―Bifidobacterium infantis I-3424‖and ―Digestive health‖ ....................................................................... 792 ID 875: ―Bifidobacterium infantis UCC35624‖and ―Improved Intestinal Flora balance, promotes gut barrier function‖ ............................................................................................................................................................ 793 ID 876: ―Bifidobacterium infantis I-3424‖and ―Immune defenses / support of immunity‖.................................. 794 ID 877: ―Bifidobacterium longum I-3470‖and ―Digestive health‖ ....................................................................... 794 ID 878: ―Bifidobacterium longum I-3470‖and ―Immune defenses / support of immunity‖.................................. 794 ID 879: ―Lactobacillus acidophilus CNCM I-1722‖and ―Digestive health‖ ......................................................... 795 ID 880: ―Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®‖and ―Vaginal health/flora‖ .............................................................. 796 ID 881: ―Lactobacillus acidophilus Lafti L10 (CBS 116.411)‖and ―Digestive Health/intestinal flora‖ .............. 796 ID 882: ―Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM ATCC SD5221‖and ―Gut health‖ .................................................... 797 ID 883: ―Lactobacillus acidophilus Lafti L10 (CBS 116.411)‖and ―Natural defence / immune system‖ ............ 799 ID 885: ―Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL21 NCIMB 30156 Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL 60 NCIMB 30157 Bifibobacterium adolescentis CUL 20 NCIMB 30153 Bifiidobacterium lactis (animalis ssp. lactis) CUL 34 NCIMB 30172‖and ―Gut flora‖ .......................................................................................................... 801 ID 886: ―Lactobacillus helveticus I-1722‖and ―Digestive health‖ ........................................................................ 801 ID 887: ―Lactobacillus helveticus I-1722‖and ―Immune defenses / support of immunity‖ .................................. 801 ID 888: ―Lactobacillus casei Lafti L26 (CBS 116.412)‖and ―Intestinal flora‖ ..................................................... 802 ID 889: ―Lactobacillus casei I-3429‖and ―Digestive health‖ ................................................................................ 802 ID 890: ―Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS)‖and ―Gut health/digestive system/bowel habit ‖.............................. 803 ID 891: ―Lactobacillus casei I-3429‖and ―Immune defenses / support of immunity‖ .......................................... 806 ID 892: ―Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS)‖and ―Natural resistance / defence/ regulation of cell development (enhance NK cell activity)‖ ............................................................................................................................... 806 ID 893: ―Probiotic ingredient Lactobacillus casei F19 (LMG P-17806)‖and ―Digestive health Intestinal flora and gut function‖ ............................................................................................................................................... 810 ID 894: ―Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 (La1) (Pasteur culture collection CNCM I-1225)‖and ―Gut health‖ ............................................................................................................................................................... 812 20 ID 895: ―Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 (ST11) (Pasteur culture collection CNCM I-2116)‖and ―Gut health‖ ............................................................................................................................................................... 814 ID 897: ―Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 (ST11) (Pasteur culture collection CNCM I-2116)‖and ―Natural defence/immune system‖................................................................................................................................... 815 ID 898: ―Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei CRL-431‖and ―Natural defence / immune system‖ .................. 819 ID 899: ―Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 (ST11) (Pasteur culture collection CNCM I-2116)‖and ―Skin heath‖ ................................................................................................................................................................ 821 ID 901: ―Lactobacillus plantarum Rosell-1012‖and ―Digestive health‖ ............................................................... 822 ID 902: ―Lactobacillus plantarum 299v‖and ―Digestive system‖ ......................................................................... 822 ID 903: ―Lactobacillus plantarum Rosell-1012‖and ―Immune defenses / support of immunity‖ ......................... 823 ID 904: ―Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730‖and ―Intestinal flora‖ ..................................................................... 823 ID 906: ―Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC53103 (LGG®)‖and ―Gastro-intestinal health‖ .................................. 825 ID 907: ―Lactobacillus rhamnosus I-1720‖and ―Digestive health‖ ....................................................................... 831 ID 908: ―Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 AGAL NM97/09514‖and ―Gut health‖ ............................................ 831 ID 911: ―Lactobacillus rhamnosus I-1720‖and ―Immune defenses / support of immunity‖ ................................. 833 ID 912: ―Saccharomyces boulardii (trade name PXN68)‖and ―Digestive health‖................................................ 833 ID 913: ―Sacharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii‖and ―Digestive system‖ ........................................................... 834 ID 914: ―Streptococcus thermophilus I-3428‖and ―Digestive health‖ .................................................................. 834 ID 915: ―Streptococcus thermophilus I-3428‖and ―Immune defenses / support of immunity‖ ............................ 834 ID 917: ―Bacillus subtilis HU58‖and ―Contains Probiotic‖ .................................................................................. 835 ID 918: ―Bacillus subtilis PB6‖and ―Intestinal / digestive health‖ ....................................................................... 835 ID 919: ― Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12®, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®, Lactobacillus delbrueki ssp. bulgaricus LBY-27 and Streptococcus thermophilus STY-31‖and ―Natural defence / immune system‖ ................................................................................................................................................ 836 ID 920: ―Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12®, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®, Lactbacillus bulgaricus LBY-27 and Streptococcus thermophilus STY-31‖and ―Gut flora‖ ............................................... 837 ID 921: ―Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei CRL-431 (=L. casei 431) and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5‖and ―Intestinal flora/ Digestive system‖ ........................................................................................................ 837 ID 922: ―Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei CRL-431 (=L. casei 431)and Lactobacillus acidophilus‖and ―Natural defence/ immune system‖ ................................................................................................................... 840 ID 923: ―A combination of three probiotic ingredients; Lactobacillus casei F19, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La5‖and ―Intestinal flora/digestive health‖ ...................................................... 842 ID 925: ―Probiotics and Prebiotics as contained in the formula AntiBloat: Bifidobacterium bifidum (CNCM I-3426), Lactobacillus casei (CNCM MA 64U), Lactobacillus acidophilus (CNCM I-1722), Lactococcus lactis (CNCM MA67/4J), Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)‖and ―AntiBloat Probiotic & Prebiotic rebalances the gut with good bacteria to support healthy digestion and good intestinal passage and transit for a comfortably flatter stomach‖ ............................................................................................................................. 843 ID 926: ―Lactobacilli Probiotics as contained in the probiotic formula A‘Biotica / Lacidofil:- Lactobacillus acidophilus- Lactobacillus rhamnosus‖and ―Maintains a healthy intestinal microflora balance during and after antibiotic therapy‖..................................................................................................................................... 844 ID 927: ―Probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii) as contained in the probiotic formula DiarSafe: Saccharomyces boulardii‖ and ―Supports bowel health, comfort and function promoting intestinal wellbeing and normalizing the balance of intestinal flora‖ ..................................................................................... 844 21 ID 928: ―Probiotics as contained in the probiotic formula Travla: Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus acidophilus (CNCM I-1722), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (CNCM I-1720), Bifidobacterium longum (CNCM I-3470)‖ and ―Supports healthy digestion and immunity during travel abroad‖............................................... 845 ID 929: ―Probiotics & Prebiotics as contained in the probiotic formula ProbioStart: Bifidobacterium infantis (CNCM I-3424), Bifidobacterium bifidum (CNCM I-3426), Lactobacillus acidophilus (CNCM I-1722), Fructooligosaccharides‖ and ―Supports digestive health and natural immune defences for children and pregnant women‖ .............................................................................................................................................. 846 ID 931: ―Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5 and Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3‖and ―Natural defence / immune system‖ .................................................................................................. 847 ID 932: ―Lactobacillus johnsonii La-19/CLbA5 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bf-6/Bif-6/CB111 (Biogarde®/Bioghurt®/Bigarde®/Bighurt®-Cultures)‖and ―Natural / immune defences‖ ............................. 847 ID 933: ―Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5, Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3‖and ―Intestinal flora/gut health‖ ............................................................................................................... 848 ID 934: ―A combination of three probiotic strains:-Lactobacillus gasseri 57C -Lactobacillus fermentum 57A-Lactobacillus plantarum 57B Trade name of the food supplement: prOVag‖and ―Helps in maintaining balanced vaginal flora and pH‖ ..................................................................................................... 849 ID 935: ―Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® and Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei CRL431®‖and ―Digestive system; intestinal flora‖ ................................................................................................. 851 ID 936: ―Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8 and Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5‖and ―Intestinal flora / digestive health / digestive system‖ .................................................................................................................. 853 ID 937: ―Lactobacillus gasseri CECT5714 and Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711‖and ―Intestinal flora and intestinal transit‖......................................................................................................................................... 854 ID 938: ―Lactobacillus helveticus CNCM I-1722 and Bifidobacterium longum CNCM I-3470‖and ―Digestive system‖ ............................................................................................................................................ 855 ID 939: ―Lactobacillus helveticus CNCM I-1722 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-1720‖and ―Digestive system‖ ............................................................................................................................................ 855 ID 940: ―Lactobacillus johnsonii La-19/CLbA5 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bf-6/Bif-6/CB111 (Biogarde®/Bioghurt®/Bigarde®/Bighurt®-Cultures)‖and ―Intestinal flora / digestive health‖ .................... 855 ID 941: ―Propionibacterium freudenreichii SI 41 and Propionibacterium freudenreichii SI 26 PropioFidus®‖ and ―Intestinal flora‖ .......................................................................................................................... 857 ID 942: ―Yeo Valley yoghurt products containing the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12 ® and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 ®‖ and ―intestinal flora‖ ......................................................... 858 ID 943: ―Optibiotics containing Bacillus mesentericus TO-A, Clostridium butyricum TO-A and Streptococcus faecalis T-110‖ and ―Beneficial effect on intestinal flora‖ ....................................................... 858 ID 944: ―Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL21 NCIMB 30156 Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL 60 NCIMB 30157 Bifibobacterium adolescentis CUL 20 NCIMB 30153 Bifiidobacterium lactis (animalis ssp. lactis) CUL 34 NCIMB 30172‖ and ―Natural defence and support of the immune system‖ ...................................... 860 ID 947: ―Lactobacillus acidophilus rhamnosus LR(3)‖ and ―Urogenital tract /Natural vaginal defence ‖ .......... 860 ID 958: ―Bifidobacterium animalis ssp animalis THT 010401 ‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ........... 860 ID 959: ―Bifidobacterium animalis ssp animalis THT 010401‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ .......... 860 ID 960: ―Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactisTHT 010801‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ................. 861 ID 961: ―Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactisTHT 010801‖ and ―Intestinal transit‖ ........................................... 861 ID 962: ―Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactisTHT 010801‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ............... 862 ID 963: ―Bifidobacterium bifidum THT 010101 ‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ................................. 862 ID 964: ―Bifidobacterium bifidum THT 010101‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ................................ 863 22 ID 965: ―Bifidobacterium breve THT 010601 ‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ..................................... 863 ID 966: ―Bifidobacterium breve THT 010601‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ................................... 863 ID 967: ―Bifidobacterium longum bv infantis THT 010201‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ................ 864 ID 968: ―Bifidobacterium longum bv infantis THT 010201‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ .............. 864 ID 969: ―Bifidobacterium longum THT 010301‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ .................................. 864 ID 970: ―Bifidobacterium longum THT 010301‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ................................ 866 ID 971: ―Bifidobacterium pseudolongum ssp pseudolongum THT 010501‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖.................................................................................................................................................................. 866 ID 972: ―Bifidobacterium pseudolongum ssp pseudolongum THT 010501‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ .............................................................................................................................................................. 866 ID 973: ―Lactobacillus acidophilus THT 030102‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ................................. 866 ID 974: ―Lactobacillus acidophilus THT 030102‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ .............................. 867 ID 975: ―Lactobacillus casei THT 030401‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ........................................... 867 ID 976: ―Lactobacillus casei THT 030401‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ......................................... 868 ID 977: ―Lactobacillus delbrucki bulgaricus THT 030301‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ .................. 868 ID 978: ―Lactobacillus delbrucki bulgaricus THT 030301‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ................ 869 ID 979: ―Lactobacillus delbrucki bulgaricus THT 030302‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ .................. 869 ID 980: ―Lactobacillus delbrucki bulgaricus THT 030302‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ................ 869 ID 981: ―Lactobacillus delbrucki bulgaricus THT 030303‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ .................. 869 ID 982: ―Lactobacillus delbrucki bulgaricus THT 030303‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ................ 870 ID 983: ―Lactobacillus gasseri THT 031301‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ........................................ 870 ID 984: ―Lactobacillus gasseri THT 031301‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ...................................... 870 ID 985: ―Lactobacillus helveticus THT 031102‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ................................... 871 ID 986: ―Lactobacillus helveticus THT 031102‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ................................. 871 ID 987: ―Lactobacillus helveticusTHT 031101‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ .................................... 872 ID 988: ―Lactobacillus helveticusTHT 031101‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ .................................. 872 ID 989: ―Lactobacillus johnsonii BFE 6128‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ......................................... 872 ID 992: ―Lactobacillus plantarum BFE 1685‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ....................................... 873 ID 994: ―Lactobacillus plantarum THT 030701‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ................................... 873 ID 995: ―Lactobacillus plantarum THT 030701‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ................................. 874 ID 996: ―Lactobacillus plantarum THT 030707‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ................................... 875 ID 997: ―Lactobacillus plantarum THT 030707‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ................................. 875 ID 998: ―Lactobacillus reuteri THT 030802‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ......................................... 876 ID 999: ―Lactobacillus reuteri THT 030802‖ and ―Natural defenses/ immune system‖ ...................................... 876 ID 1000: ―Lactobacillus reuteri THT 030803‖ and ―Digestive health/ Intestinal flora‖ ....................................... 877 23 ID 2: “All vitamins” and “Reproduction” 1 Berdanier CD, Dwyer JT, Feldman EB, 2001. Handbook of Nutrition and Food. CRC press. Taylor and Francis Book, Boca Raton. 2 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2003. Safe Upper Levels for Vitamins and Minerals. Food Standards Agency, London. 3 Garrow JS, James WPT, Ralph A, James WPT, 2000. Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Elsevier Health Sciences, Oxford. 4 Gibney MJ, Vorster H, Kok F, 2002. Introduction to Human Nutrition (The Nutrition Society Textbook). Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. 5 IoM (Institute of Medicine ), 1997. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 6 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 1998. Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 7 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 8 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 9 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 10 Mann J and Truswell S, 2002. Essentials of Human Nutrition. Oxford University Press, New York. 11 Sadler MJ, Strain JJ, Caballero B, 1999. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego. 12 SCF (Scientific Committee on Food) and Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), 2006. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for Vitamins and Minerals. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Parma. ID 3: “All vitamins” and “Conception” 1 Berdanier CD, Dwyer JT, Feldman EB, 2001. Handbook of Nutrition and Food. CRC press. Taylor and Francis Book, Boca Raton. 2 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2003. Safe Upper Levels for Vitamins and Minerals. Food Standards Agency, London. 3 Garrow JS, James WPT, Ralph A, James WPT, 2000. Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Elsevier Health Sciences, Oxford. 4 Gibney MJ, Vorster H, Kok F, 2002. Introduction to Human Nutrition (The Nutrition Society Textbook). Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. 5 IoM (Institute of Medicine ), 1997. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 6 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 1998. Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 7 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 24 8 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 9 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 10 Mann J and Truswell S, 2002. Essentials of Human Nutrition. Oxford University Press, New York. 11 Sadler MJ, Strain JJ, Caballero B, 1999. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego. 12 SCF (Scientific Committee on Food) and Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), 2006. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for Vitamins and Minerals. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Parma. ID 5: “All vitamins and minerals” and “Vitamins and minerals during pregnancy and lactation” 1 Berger H, 1988. Vitamins and Minerals in Pregnancy and Lactation. Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series. Raven Press, New York. 2 Black RE, 2001. Micronutrients in pregnancy. Br J Nutr, 85 Suppl 2, S193-197. 3 Blot I, Diallo D, Tchernia G, 1999. Iron deficiency in pregnancy: effects on the newborn. Curr Opin Hematol, 6, 65-70. 4 Bothwell TH, 2000. Iron requirements in pregnancy and strategies to meet them. Am J Clin Nutr, 72, 257S-264S. 5 Bruinse HW and van den Berg H, 1995. Changes of some vitamin levels during and after normal pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 61, 31-37. 6 Czeizel AE, 1998. Periconceptional folic acid containing multivitamin supplementation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 78, 151-161. 7 Dhur A and Hercberg S, 1989. Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in France and Southern Europe. In: Nutrition in the Prevention of Disease. Bibl Nutr Dieta. Somogyi J and Hejda S (eds.). Karger, Basel, 106-113. 8 Ek J and Magnus EM, 1981. Plasma and red blood cell folate during normal pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 60, 247-251. 9 Hallberg L and Hulten L, 1996. Iron requirements, iron balance and iron deficiency in menstruating and pregnant women. In: Iron Nutrition in Health and Disease. Asp LHaN-G (ed.) John Libbey & Company Ltd, London, 165-182. 10 Haste FM, Anderson HR, Brooke OG, Bland JM, Peacock JL, 1991. The effects of smoking and drinking on the anthropometric measurements of neonates. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 5, 83-92. 11 Haste FM, Brooke OG, Anderson HR, Bland JM, 1991. The effect of nutritional intake on outcome of pregnancy in smokers and non-smokers. Br J Nutr, 65, 347-354. 12 Hindmarsh PC, Geary MP, Rodeck CH, Jackson MR, Kingdom JC, 2000. Effect of early maternal iron stores on placental weight and structure. Lancet, 356, 719-723. 13 Kadyrov M, Kosanke G, Kingdom J, Kaufmann P, 1998. Increased fetoplacental angiogenesis during first trimester in anaemic women. Lancet, 352, 1747-1749. 14 Kilpatrick S and Laros R, 2004. Maternal Hematologic Disorders. In: Maternal Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. Creasy R, Resnik R, Iams J, Lockwood C, Moore T (eds.). Elsevier Science, 975-1004. 15 Martinez O and Roe DA, 1977. Effect of oral contraceptives on blood folate levels in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 128, 255-261. 16 McGanity W, Dawson E, Fogelman A, 1994. Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation. In: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Shils M, Olson J, Shike M (eds.). Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 705-727. 25 17 Milman N, Bergholt T, Byg KE, Eriksen L, Graudal N, 1999. Iron status and iron balance during pregnancy. A critical reappraisal of iron supplementation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 78, 749-757. 18 Pena-Rosas JP and Viteri FE, 2006. Effects of routine oral iron supplementation with or without folic acid for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, CD004736. 19 Rolschau J, Date J, Kristoffersen K, 1979. Folic acid supplement and intrauterine growth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 58, 343-346. ID 10: “All vitamins, minerals and trace-elements” and “The role of vitamins and minerals during pregnancy and lactation” 1 Berdanier CD, Dwyer JT, Feldman EB, 2001. Handbook of Nutrition and Food. CRC Press. Taylor and Francis Book, Boca Raton. 2 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2003. Safe Upper Levels for Vitamins and Minerals. Food Standards Agency, London. 3 Gibney M, Vorster H, Kok F, 2002. Introduction to Human Nutrition (The Nutrition Society Textbook) WileyBlackwell, Chichester. Chichister. 4 Heald FP and J GE, 1999. Diet, Nutrition and Adolescence. In: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Shils M, Olson J, Shike M, Ross C (eds.). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 857-866. 5 Heird WC, 1999. Nutrional requirements during infancy. In: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Shils M, Olson J, Shike M, Ross C (eds.). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 839-855. 6 Heird WC, 2001. Nutritional requirements during infancy. In: Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Bowman BA and Russel RM (eds.). ILSI Press, Washington DC, 416-425. 7 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 1997. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 8 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 1998. Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 9 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 10 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 11 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 12 Sadler MJ, Strain JJ, Caballero B, 1999. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego. 13 SCF (Scientific Committee on Food) and Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), 2006. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for Vitamins and Minerals. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Parma. ID 13: “Vitamin A” and “Bone growth and development of teeth” 1 Permitted Health Claims (Health Products and Food Branch of Health Canada, the Natural Health Products Directorate, NHPD) Food and Drug Regulations Section B.01.603. 2 Berdanier CD, Dwyer JT, Feldman EB, 2002. Handbook of Nutrition and Food. CRC Press. Taylor and Francis Book, Boca Raton. 3 BNF (British Nutrition Foundation), 1989. Calcium. The report of the British Nutrition Foundation Task Force. BNF (British Nutrition Foundation), London. 26 4 COMA (Committee on Medicinal Aspects of Food Policy), 1998. Nutrition and bone health with particular reference to calcium and vitamin D: Report of the Subgroup on Bone Health (Working Group on the Nutritional Status of the Population) of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. The Stationary Office, London. 5 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2002. Review of Calcium. 6 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2002. Review of Phosphorus. 7 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2002. Review of Vitamin D-Revised Version. 8 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2002. Review of Vitamin C-Revised Version. 9 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2003. Safe Upper Levels for Vitamins and Minerals. 10 Garrow JS, James WPT, Ralph A, James WPT, 2000. Human Nutrition and Dietetics Elsevier Health Sciences Oxford. 11 Gibney M, Vorster H, Kok F, 2002. Introduction to Human Nutrition (The Nutrition Society Textbook) Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. 12 Gurr M, 1999. Calcium in Nutrition. ILSI Europe, Brussels. 13 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 1997. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 14 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 15 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 16 JHCI (Joint Health Claim Initiative), 2003. Final Technical Report.. A List of Well Established Nutrient Function Statements. JHCI Ref: JHCI/76/03. 17 Mann J and Truswell S, 2002. Essentials of Human Nutrition. Oxford University Press, New York. 18 Sadler MJ, Strain JJ, Caballero B, 1999. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego. 19 SCF (Scientific Commettee on Food), 1992. 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Introduction to Human Nutrition (The Nutrition Society Textbook). Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. 9 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 1998. Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 10 Mann J and Truswell S, 2002. Essentials of Human Nutrition. Oxford University Press, USA, New York. 11 McMahon RJ, 2002. Biotin in metabolism and molecular biology. Annu Rev Nutr, 22, 221-239. 12 Mock DM, 1996. Biotin In: Present knowledge in nutrition. Ziegler EE and Filer LJ (eds.). ILSI Press, Washington DC. 13 Mock DM, 1999. Biotin. In: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Shils M, Olson J, Shike M, Ross A (eds.). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 14 Mock DM, 2001. Biotin. In: Handbook of Vitamins. Rucker RB, Suttie JW, McCormick DB, Machlin LJ (eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York. 15 Pacheco-Alvarez D, Solorzano-Vargas RS, Del Rio AL, 2002. 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Final Technical Report A List of Well Established Nutrient Function Statements 12 Mann J and Truswell S, 2002. Essentials of Human Nutrition. Oxford University Press, USA, New York. 13 McMahon RJ, 2002. Biotin in metabolism and molecular biology. Annu Rev Nutr, 22, 221-239. 14 Mock DM, 1996. Biotin In: Present knowledge in nutrition. Ziegler EE and Filer LJ (eds.). ILSI Press, Washington DC. 15 Mock DM, 1999. Biotin. In: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Shils M, Olson J, Shike M, Ross A (eds.). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 16 Mock DM, 2001. Biotin. In: Handbook of Vitamins. Rucker RB, Suttie JW, McCormick DB, Machlin LJ (eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York. 17 Pacheco-Alvarez D, Solorzano-Vargas RS, Del Rio AL, 2002. Biotin in metabolism and its relationship to human disease. Arch Med Res, 33, 439-447. 18 Rodriguez Melendez R, 2000. [Importance of biotin metabolism]. Rev Invest Clin, 52, 194-199. 19 Sadler MJ, Strain JJ, Caballero B, 1999. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. 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Ernährung des Menschen. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart. 6 Fernandez-Mejia C, 2005. Pharmacological effects of biotin. J Nutr Biochem, 16, 424-427. 7 Floersheim GL, 1989. [Treatment of brittle fingernails with biotin]. Z Hautkr, 64, 41-48. 8 Garrow JS, James WPT, Ralph A, James WPT, 2000. Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Churchill Livingstone, London, Edinburgh. 9 Gibney M, Vorster H, Kok F, 2002. Introduction to Human Nutrition (The Nutrition Society Textbook) WileyBlackwell, Chichester. 10 Hahn A, 2001. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel Fakten und Daten der zur Nahrungsergänzung meistverwendeten Stoffe. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart. 11 Hahn A, Ströhle A, Wolters M, 2005. Ernährung–Physiologische Grundlagen, Prävention, Therapie. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart. 12 Hahn A, 2006. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel und ergänzende bilanzierte Diäten. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft GmbH, Stuttgart. 13 Hochman LG, Scher RK, Meyerson MS, 1993. Brittle nails: response to daily biotin supplementation. Cutis, 51, 303-305. 14 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 1998. Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 15 Löffler G and Petrides PE, 1997. Biochemie und Pathobiochemie. Springer, Heidelberg. 16 Maebashi M, Makino Y, Furukawa Y, Ohinata K, Kimura S, Sato T, 1993. Therapeutic evaluation of the effect of biotin on hyperglycemia in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 14, 211-218. 17 Mann J and Truswell S, 2002. Essentials of Human Nutrition. Oxford University Press, USA, New York. 18 McMahon RJ, 2002. Biotin in metabolism and molecular biology. Annu Rev Nutr, 22, 221-239. 19 Mock DM, 1996. Biotin In: Present knowledge in nutrition. Ziegler EE and Filer LJ (eds.). ILSI Press, Washington DC. 20 Mock DM, 1999. Biotin. In: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Shils M, Olson J, Shike M, Ross A (eds.). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 21 Mock DM, 2001. Biotin. In: Handbook of Vitamins. Rucker RB, Suttie JW, McCormick DB, Machlin LJ (eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York. 22 Pacheco-Alvarez D, Solorzano-Vargas RS, Del Rio AL, 2002. Biotin in metabolism and its relationship to human disease. Arch Med Res, 33, 439-447. 23 Rodriguez Melendez R, 2000. [Importance of biotin metabolism]. Rev Invest Clin, 52, 194-199. 24 Sealey WM, Teague AM, Stratton SL, Mock DM, 2004. Smoking accelerates biotin catabolism in women. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 80, 932. 111 25 Spallholz JE, Boylan LM, Driskell JA, 1999. Nutrition: Chemistry and Biology. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 26 Zempleni J, 2001. Biotin. In: Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Bowman BA and Russell RM (eds.). ILSI, Washington DC. 27 Zimmermann M, 2001. Burgerstein's Handbook of Nutrition: Micronutrients in the Prevention and Therapy of Disease. Thieme, Stuttgart. ID 116: “Biotin” and “Neurological system function” 1 AFSSA (Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments), 2001. Apports nutritionnels conseillés pour la population française. Editions Tec&Doc, Paris. 2 Attwood PV and Wallace JC, 2002. Chemical and catalytic mechanisms of carboxyl transfer reactions in biotin-dependent enzymes. Acc Chem Res, 35, 113-120. 3 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2002. Revised Review of Biotin. 4 Fernandez-Mejia C, 2005. Pharmacological effects of biotin. J Nutr Biochem, 16, 424-427. 5 Garrow JS, James WPT, Ralph A, James WPT, 2000. Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Churchill Livingstone, London, Edinburgh. 6 Gibney M, Vorster H, Kok F, 2002. Introduction to Human Nutrition (The Nutrition Society Textbook) WileyBlackwell, Chichester. 7 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 1998. Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 8 Mann J and Truswell S, 1998. Essentials of Human Nutrition. Oxford University Press, USA, New York. 9 McMahon RJ, 2002. Biotin in metabolism and molecular biology. Annu Rev Nutr, 22, 221-239. 10 Mock DM, 1984. Biotin In: Present knowledge in nutrition. Ziegler EE and Filer LJ (eds.). ILSI Press, Washington DC. 11 Mock DM, 1999. Biotin. In: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Shils M, Olson J, Shike M, Ross A (eds.). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 12 Mock DM, 2001. Biotin. In: Handbook of Vitamins. Rucker RB, Suttie JW, McCormick DB, Machlin LJ (eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York. 13 Pacheco-Alvarez D, Solorzano-Vargas RS, Del Rio AL, 2002. Biotin in metabolism and its relationship to human disease. Arch Med Res, 33, 439-447. 14 Rodriguez Melendez R, 2000. [Importance of biotin metabolism]. Rev Invest Clin, 52, 194-199. 15 Sadler MJ, Strain JJ, Caballero B, 1999. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego. 16 SCF (Scientific Committee on Food), 2001. Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Biotin. 17 Zempleni J, 2001. Biotin. In: Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Bowman BA and Russell RM (eds.). ILSI, Washington DC. ID 117: “Biotin” and “Fat metabolism and energy production” 1 Permitted Health Claims (Health Products and Food Branch of Health Canada, the Natural Health Products Directorate, NHPD) Food and Drug Regulations Section B.01.603. 2 Attwood PV and Wallace JC, 2002. Chemical and catalytic mechanisms of carboxyl transfer reactions in biotin-dependent enzymes. Acc Chem Res, 35, 113-120. 3 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2002. Revised Review of Biotin. 4 Fernandez-Mejia C, 2005. Pharmacological effects of biotin. J Nutr Biochem, 16, 424-427. 112 5 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 1998. Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 6 JHCI (Joint Health Claims Initiative), 2003. Final Technical Report A List of Well Established Nutrient Function Statements. 7 McMahon RJ, 2002. Biotin in metabolism and molecular biology. Annu Rev Nutr, 22, 221-239. 8 Mock DM, 1999. Biotin. In: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Shils M, Olson J, Shike M, Ross A (eds.). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 9 Mock DM, 2001. Biotin. In: Handbook of Vitamins. Rucker RB, Suttie JW, McCormick DB, Machlin LJ (eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York. 10 Pacheco-Alvarez D, Solorzano-Vargas RS, Del Rio AL, 2002. Biotin in metabolism and its relationship to human disease. Arch Med Res, 33, 439-447. 11 Sadler MJ, Strain JJ, Caballero B, 1999. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego. 12 SCF (Scientific Committee on Food), 2001. Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Biotin. 13 Zempleni J, 2001. Biotin. In: Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Bowman BA and Russell RM (eds.). 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Beneficial effects of vitamins D and K on the elastic properties of the vessel wall in postmenopausal women: a follow-up study. Thromb Haemost, 91, 373-380. 7 Feskanich D, Weber P, Willett WC, Rockett H, Booth SL, Colditz GA, 1999. Vitamin K intake and hip fractures in women: a prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr, 69, 74-79. 8 Geleijnse JM, Vermeer C, Grobbee DE, Schurgers LJ, Knapen MH, van der Meer IM, Hofman A, Witteman JC, 2004. Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study. J Nutr, 134, 3100-3105. 9 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 10 SCF (Scientific Committee on Food), 2003. Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Vitamin K. 11 Schurgers LJ and Vermeer C, 2000. 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BOCCRF (Bulletin Officiel de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des fraudes) du 7 octobre 1997. 127 3 Permitted Health Claims (Health Products and Food Branch of Health Canada, the Natural Health Products Directorate, NHPD) Food and Drug Regulations Section B.01.603. 4 Ordonnance du Conseil Fédéral Suisse du Mars 1995 sur les denrées alimentaires et les objets usuels (ODAIOUs). 5 Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group, 2001. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E and beta carotene for age-related cataract and vision loss. AREDS report no. 9. Arch. Ophthalmol., 119, 1439-1452. 6 Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group, 2001. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8 Arch. Ophthalmol., 119, 1417-1436. 7 Anderson R, 1981. Ascorbate-mediated stimulation of neutrophil motility and lymphocyte transformation by inhibition of the peroxidase/H2O2/halide system in vitro and in vivo. Am J Clin Nutr, 34, 1906-1911. 8 Anderson R and Lukey PT, 1987. A biological role for ascorbate in the selective neutralization of extracellular phagocyte-derived oxidants. Ann NY Acad Sci, 498, 229-247. 9 Asplund K, 2002. Antioxidant vitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. J Intern Med, 251, 372-392. 10 Baker JC and Ayres JG, 2000. Diet and asthma. Respir Med, 94, 925-934. 11 Bässler KH, Golly I, Loew D, Pietrzik K, 2002. Vitamin-Lexikon für Ärzte, Apotheker und Ernährungswissenschaftler. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena. 12 Basu S, Michaelsson K, Olofsson H, Johansson S, Melhus H, 2001. Association between oxidative stress and bone mineral density. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 288, 275-279. 13 Bender DA, 2003. Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 14 Biesalski H.K, 1997. Vitamine: Physiologie, Pathophysiologie, Therapie. Thieme, Stuttgart. 15 Biesalski HK, Köhrle J, Schümann K, 2002. Vitamine, Spurenelemente und Mineralstoffe – Prävention und Therapie mit Mikronährstoffen. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart. 16 Blankenhorn G, 1986. [Clinical effectiveness of Spondyvit (vitamin E) in activated arthroses. A multicenter placebo-controlled double-blind study]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 124, 340-343. 17 Bodner C, Godden D, Brown K, Little J, Ross S, Seaton A, 1999. Antioxidant intake and adult-onset wheeze: a case-control study. Aberdeen WHEASE Study Group. Eur Respir J, 13, 22-30. 18 Boxer LA, Watanabe AM, Rister M, Besch HR, Jr., Allen J, Baehner RL, 1976. Correction of leukocyte function in Chediak-Higashi syndrome by ascorbate. N Engl J Med, 295, 1041-1045. 19 Cao G, Russell RM, Lischner N, Prior RL, 1998. Serum antioxidant capacity is increased by consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin C in elderly women. J Nutr, 128, 2383-2390. 20 Chylack LT, Jr., Brown NP, Bron A, Hurst M, Kopcke W, Thien U, Schalch W, 2002. The Roche European American Cataract Trial (REACT): a randomized clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of an oral antioxidant micronutrient mixture to slow progression of age-related cataract. Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 9, 49-80. 21 D-A-CH (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung - Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung), 2000. Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr. Umschau Braus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main. 22 Darlington LG and Stone TW, 2001. Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders. Br J Nutr, 85, 251-269. 23 Delafuente JC, Prendergast JM, Modigh A, 1986. Immunologic modulation by vitamin C in the elderly. Int J Immunopharmacol, 8, 205-211. 24 Eisenbrand G, Schreier P, Meyer AH, 2006. Römpp Lexikon Lebensmittelchemie. Thieme, Stuttgart. 25 Elmadfa I and Leitzmann C, 1998. Ernährung des Menschen. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart. 128 26 Engelhart MJ, Geerlings MI, Ruitenberg A, van Swieten JC, Hofman A, Witteman JC, Breteler MM, 2002. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease. JAMA, 287, 3223-3229. 27 Evans JR, 2000. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD000254. 28 Evans JR and Henshaw K, 2000. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing agerelated macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD000253. 29 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2002. Revised review of Vitamin C. 30 Fairfield KM and Fletcher RH, 2002. Vitamins for chronic disease prevention in adults: scientific review. JAMA, 287, 3116-3126. 31 WHO and FAO (World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization), 2004. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. - FAO/WHO expert consultation on human vitamin and mineral requirements. 32 Frei B, England L, Ames BN, 1989. Ascorbate is an outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 86, 6377-6381. 33 Ganguly R, Durieux MF, Waldman RH, 1976. Macrophage function in vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs. Am J Clin Nutr, 29, 762-765. 34 Ganguly R and Waldman RH, 1985. Macrophage functions in aging: effects of vitamin C deficiency. Allerg Immunol (Leipz), 31, 37-43. 35 Garrow JS, James WPT, Ralph A, 1994. Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Churchill Livingstone, London, Edinburgh. 36 Garrow JS, James WPT, Ralph A, 2000. Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Churchill Livingstone, London, Edinburgh. 37 Guillemin F, Briancon S, Klein JM, Sauleau E, Pourel J, 1994. Low incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in France. Scand J Rheumatol, 23, 264-268. 38 Hahn A, Ströhle A, Wolters M, 2005. Ernährung–Physiologische Grundlagen, Prävention, Therapie. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft GmbH, Stuttgart. 39 Hahn A, Wolters M, Hülsmann O, 2006. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel und ergänzende bilanzierte diäten. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft GmbH, Stuttgart. 40 Hall SL and Greendale GA, 1998. The relation of dietary vitamin C intake to bone mineral density: results from the PEPI study. Calcif Tissue Int, 63, 183-189. 41 Hallberg L, Brune M, Rossander-Hulthen L, 1987. Is there a physiological role of vitamin C in iron absorption? Ann NY Acad Sci, 498, 324-332. 42 Hemila H, 1996. Vitamin C and common cold incidence: a review of studies with subjects under heavy physical stress. Int J Sports Med, 17, 379-383. 43 Hemila H, 1999. Vitamin C supplementation and common cold symptoms: factors affecting the magnitude of the benefit. Med Hypotheses, 52, 171-178. 44 Hunt JR, Gallagher SK, Johnson LK, 1994. Effect of ascorbic acid on apparent iron absorption by women with low iron stores. Am J Clin Nutr, 59, 1381-1385. 45 Ilich JZ, Brownbill RA, Tamborini L, 2003. Bone and nutrition in elderly women: protein, energy, and calcium as main determinants of bone mineral density. Eur J Clin Nutr, 57, 554-565. 46 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium and Carotenoids. National Academy Press, Washington D.C. 47 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2002. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium and Carotenoids. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 129 48 Jacob RA, Kelley DS, Pianalto FS, Swendseid ME, Henning SM, Zhang JZ, Ames BN, Fraga CG, Peters JH, 1991. Immunocompetence and oxidant defense during ascorbate depletion of healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr, 54, 1302S-1309S. 49 Jariwalla RJ and Harakeh S, 1997. Mechanisms underlying the action of vitamin C in viral and immunodeficiency disease. In: Vitamin C in health and disease. Packer L and Fuchs J (eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York, 309-322. 5, JHCI (Joint Health Claims Initiative), 2003. Final Technical Report. A List of Well Established Nutrient Function Statements. 51 Kaur B, Rowe BH, Ram FS, 2001. Vitamin C supplementation for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD000993. 52 Kelly FJ, Mudway I, Blomberg A, Frew A, Sandstrom T, 1999. Altered lung antioxidant status in patients with mild asthma. Lancet, 354, 482-483. 53 Khaw KT, Bingham S, Welch A, Luben R, Wareham N, Oakes S, Day N, 2001. Relation between plasma ascorbic acid and mortality in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study: a prospective population study. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Lancet, 357, 657-663. 54 Kritharides L and Stocker R, 2002. The use of antioxidant supplements in coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis, 164, 211-219. 55 Landrum JT, Bone RA, Kilburn MD, 1997. The macular pigment: a possible role in protection from agerelated macular degeneration. Adv Pharmacol, 38, 537-556. 56 Laurin D, Foley DJ, Masaki KH, White LR, Launer LJ, 2002. Vitamin E and C supplements and risk of dementia. JAMA, 288, 2266-2268. 57 Maeda H and Akaike T, 1991. Oxygen free radicals as pathogenic molecules in viral diseases. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 198, 721-727. 58 Mann J and Truswell AS, 2002. Essentials of Human Nutrition. Oxford University Press, New York. 59 McAlindon T and Felson DT, 1997. Nutrition: risk factors for osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 56, 397-400. 60 Monsen ER, 2000. Dietary reference intakes for the antioxidant nutrients: vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. J Am Diet Assoc, 100, 637-640. 61 NNR (Nordic Nutrition Recommendations), 2004. Integrating nutrition and physical activity. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen. 62 Phillips CL and Yeowell HN, 1997. Vitamin C, Collagen Biosynthesis, and Aging. In: Vitamin C in Health and Disease. Packer L and Fuchs J (eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York, 205-230. 63 Prinz W, Bortz R, Bregin B, Hersch M, 1977. The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on some parameters of the human immunological defence system. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 47, 248-257. 64 Renaud S and de Lorgeril M, 1992. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet, 339, 1523-1526. 65 Richer S, 2000. Antioxidants and the Eye. International Ophtalmology Clinics, 40, 1-16. 66 Romieu I and Trenga C, 2001. Diet and obstructive lung diseases. Epidemiol Rev, 23, 268-287. 67 Sadler MJ, Strain JJ, Caballero B, 1999. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego. 68 Salonen RM, Nyyssonen K, Kaikkonen J, Porkkala-Sarataho E, Voutilainen S, Rissanen TH, Tuomainen TP, Valkonen VP, Ristonmaa U, Lakka HM, Vanharanta M, Salonen JT, Poulsen HE, 2003. Six-year effect of combined vitamin C and E supplementation on atherosclerotic progression: the Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) Study. Circulation, 107, 947-953. 69 SCF (Scientific Committee for Food), 1992. Report on nutrient and energy intakes for the European Community.31st series. European Commission, Luxembourg. 7, Schaafsma A, de Vries PJ, Saris WH, 2001. Delay of natural bone loss by higher intakes of specific minerals and vitamins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 41, 225-249. 130 71 Schwartz J and Weiss ST, 1994. Relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and pulmonary function in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Am J Clin Nutr, 59, 110-114. 72 Siegel BV and Morton JI, 1983. Vitamin C and immunity: natural killer (NK) cell factor. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 53, 179-183. 73 Smith JA, 1994. Neutrophils, host defense, and inflammation: a double-edged sword. J Leukoc Biol, 56, 672-686. 74 Soutar A, Seaton A, Brown K, 1997. Bronchial reactivity and dietary antioxidants. Thorax, 52, 166-170. ID 132: “Vitamin C” and “Iron absorption ” 1 Avis de la commission interministérielle d‘étude des produits destinés à une alimentation particulière (CEDAP) en date du 18 décembre 1996 sur les recommandations relatives au caractère non trompeur des seuils des allégations nutritionnelles fonctionnelles. BOCCRF (Bulletin Officiel de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des fraudes) du 7 octobre 1997. 2 Permitted Health Claims (Health Products and Food Branch of Health Canada, the Natural Health Products Directorate, NHPD) Food and Drug Regulations Section B.01.603. 3 Ordonnance du Conseil Fédéral Suisse du Mars 1995 sur les denrées alimentaires et les objets usuels (ODAIOUs). 5 Aro A, Mutanen M, Uusitupa M, 2005. Ravitsemustiede. Duodecim / Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy, Jyväskylä. 6 Bässler KH, Golly I, Loew D, Pietrzik K, 2002. Vitamin-Lexikon für Ärzte, Apotheker und Ernährungswissenschaftler. Urban & Fischer, München. 7 D-A-CH (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung - Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung), 2000. Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr. Umschau Braus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main. 8 Deutsche Gesellschaft Ernährung (DGE), http://www.dge.de/. 9 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2002. Revised Review of Vitamin C. 10 Falbe J and Regizt M, 1996. Römpp Lexikon Chemie. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York. 11 FNFC/FOSHU (Food with Nutrient Functional Claims/Foods for Specified Health Use), Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Japan: Food with Health Claims, Food for Special Dietary Uses, and Nutrition Labeling http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/foodsafety/fhc/index.html 12 Garrow JS, James WPT, Ralph A, James WPT, 2000. Human Nutrition and Dietetics Churchill Livingstone, London, Edinburgh. 13 Hahn A, 2006. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel und ergänzende bilanzierte Diäten. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart. 14 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 15 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2002. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. 16 JHCI (Joint Health Claims Initiative), 2003. Final Technical Report A List of Well Established Nutrient Function Statements. 17 NNR (Nordic Nutrition Recommendations), 2004. Integrating nutrition and physical activity. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen. 19 Sadler MJ, Strain JJ, Caballero B, 1999. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego. 131 20 SCF (Scientific Committee on Food), 1992. Report on nutrient and energy intakes for the European Community.31st series.European Commission, Luxembourg. 23 Shils M, Shike M, Ross C, Caballero B, Cousins R, 2006. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Philadephia. 24 SNF (Swedish Nutrition Foundation), 2004. Health claims in the labelling and marketing of food products. The food sector‘s code of practice. 25 Tetens I, Larsen TM, Kristensen MB, Hels O, Jensen M, Morberg CM, Thomsen AD, Hojgaard L, Henriksen M, 2005. The importance of dietary composition for efficacy of iron absorption measured in a whole diet that includes rye bread fortified with ferrous fumerate: a radioisotope study in young women. Br J Nutr, 94, 720-726. ID 133: “Vitamin C” and “Neurological system function” 1 Avis de la commission interministérielle d‘étude des produits destinés à une alimentation particulière (CEDAP) en date du 18 décembre 1996 sur les recommandations relatives au caractère non trompeur des seuils des allégations nutritionnelles fonctionnelles. BOCCRF (Bulletin Officiel de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des fraudes) du 7 octobre 1997. 2 Liste der in der Schweiz zulässigen Anpreisungen für Vitamine und Mineralstoffe. 3 Council Directive 90/496/EEC of 24 September 1990 on nutrition labelling for foodstuffs. Official Journal L 276, 06/10/1990 P. 0040 - 0044. 4 Guidelines on nutrition labelling . Codex Alimentarius Commission 16th Session, 1985.CAC/GL 2-1985 Rev. 1-1993. 5 Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group, 2001. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E and beta carotene for age-related cataract and vision loss: AREDS report no. 9. Arch Ophthalmol, 119, 1439-1452. 6 Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group, 2001. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol, 119, 1417-1436. 7 Anderson R, 1981. Ascorbate-mediated stimulation of neutrophil motility and lymphocyte transformation by inhibition of the peroxidase/H2O2/halide system in vitro and in vivo. Am J Clin Nutr, 34, 1906-1911. 8 Anderson R and Lukey PT, 1987. A biological role for ascorbate in the selective neutralization of extracellular phagocyte-derived oxidants. Ann NY Acad Sci, 498, 229-247. 9 Asplund K, 2002. Antioxidant vitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. J Intern Med, 251, 372-392. 10 Baker JC and Ayres JG, 2000. Diet and asthma. Respir Med, 94, 925-934. 11 Basu S, Michaelsson K, Olofsson H, Johansson S, Melhus H, 2001. Association between oxidative stress and bone mineral density. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 288, 275-279. 12 Blankenhorn G, 1986. [Clinical effectiveness of Spondyvit (vitamin E) in activated arthroses. A multicenter placebo-controlled double-blind study]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 124, 340-343. 13 Bodner C, Godden D, Brown K, Little J, Ross S, Seaton A, 1999. Antioxidant intake and adult-onset wheeze: a case-control study. Aberdeen WHEASE Study Group. Eur Respir J, 13, 22-30. 14 Boxer LA, Watanabe AM, Rister M, Besch HR, Jr., Allen J, Baehner RL, 1976. Correction of leukocyte function in Chediak-Higashi syndrome by ascorbate. N Engl J Med, 295, 1041-1045. 15 Buzina R, Bates CJ, van der Beek J, Brubacher G, Chandra RK, Hallberg L, Heseker J, Mertz W, Pietrzik K, Pollitt E, 1989. Workshop on functional significance of mild-to-moderate malnutrition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50, 172. 132 16 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Guide to Food Labelling and Advertising. Chapter 8: Diet-Related Health Claims http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/labeti/guide/ch8e.shtml#8.4. 17 Chylack LT, Jr., Brown NP, Bron A, Hurst M, Kopcke W, Thien U, Schalch W, 2002. The Roche European American Cataract Trial (REACT): a randomized clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of an oral antioxidant micronutrient mixture to slow progression of age-related cataract. Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 9, 49-80. 18 CIAA (Confédération des Industries Agro-Alimentaires de l'UE), 2006. Comments to DG SANCO discussion paper on revision of technical issues: Directive 90/496/EEC. 19 Darlington LG and Stone TW, 2001. Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders. Br J Nutr, 85, 251-269. 20 Delafuente JC, Prendergast JM, Modigh A, 1986. Immunologic modulation by vitamin C in the elderly. Int J Immunopharmacol, 8, 205-211. 21 Engelhart MJ, Geerlings MI, Ruitenberg A, van Swieten JC, Hofman A, Witteman JC, Breteler MM, 2002. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease. JAMA, 287, 3223-3229. 22 Evans JR and Henshaw K, 2000. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing agerelated macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD000253. 23 Evans JR, 2002. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD000254. 24 EVM (Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals), 2002. Revised Review of Vitamin C. 25 Fairfield KM and Fletcher RH, 2002. Vitamins for chronic disease prevention in adults: scientific review. JAMA, 287, 3116-3126. 26 WHO and FAO (World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization), 2004. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. 27 FNFC/FOSHU (Food with Nutrient Functional Claims/Foods for Specified Health Use), Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Japan: Food with Health Claims, Food for Special Dietary Uses, and Nutrition Labeling http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/foodsafety/fhc/index.html 28 Frei B, England L, Ames BN, 1989. Ascorbate is an outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 86, 6377-6381. 29 FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand), 2005. Nutrition, Health & Related Claims. Draft Assessment Report. Appendix 1 (Table 1 - Pre-approved statements for recognized vitamins and minerals).Attachment 10 - Substantiated high level and general level claims. 30 Ganguly R, Durieux MF, Waldman RH, 1976. Macrophage function in vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs. Am J Clin Nutr, 29, 762-765. 31 Ganguly R and Waldman RH, 1985. Macrophage functions in aging: effects of vitamin C deficiency. Allerg Immunol (Leipz), 31, 37-43. 32 Garrow JS, James WPT, Ralph A, James WPT, 2000. Human Nutrition and Dietetics Churchill Livingstone, London, Edinburgh. 33 Guillemin F, Briancon S, Klein JM, Sauleau E, Pourel J, 1994. Low incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in France. Scand J Rheumatol, 23, 264-268. 34 Hahn A, Ströhle A, Wolters M, 2005. Ernährung–Physiologische Grundlagen, Prävention. Therapie. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart. 35 Hall SL and Greendale GA, 1998. The relation of dietary vitamin C intake to bone mineral density: results from the PEPI study. Calcif Tissue Int, 63, 183-189. 36 Hallberg L, Brune M, Rossander-Hulthen L, 1987. Is there a physiological role of vitamin C in iron absorption? Ann NY Acad Sci, 498, 324-332. 37 Health Canada, 2007. Vitamin C. 133 38 Hemila H, 1996. Vitamin C and common cold incidence: a review of studies with subjects under heavy physical stress. Int J Sports Med, 17, 379-383. 39 Hemila H, 1999. Vitamin C supplementation and common cold symptoms: factors affecting the magnitude of the benefit. Med Hypotheses, 52, 171-178. 40 Hunt JR, Gallagher SK, Johnson LK, 1994. Effect of ascorbic acid on apparent iron absorption by women with low iron stores. Am J Clin Nutr, 59, 1381-1385. 41 Ilich JZ, Brownbill RA, Tamborini L, 2003. Bone and nutrition in elderly women: protein, energy, and calcium as main determinants of bone mineral density. Eur J Clin Nutr, 57, 554-565. 42 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 43 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2002. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. 44 Jacob RA, Kelley DS, Pianalto FS, Swendseid ME, Henning SM, Zhang JZ, Ames BN, Fraga CG, Peters JH, 1991. Immunocompetence and oxidant defense during ascorbate depletion of healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr, 54, 1302S-1309S. 45 Jariwalla RJ and Harakeh S, 1997. Mechanisms underlying the action of vitamin C in viral and immunodeficiency disease. In: Vitamin C in Health and Disease. Packer L and Fuchs J (eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York, 309-322. 46 JHCI (Joint Health Claims Initiative), 2003. Final Technical Report A List of Well Established Nutrient Function Statements. 47 Kaur B, Rowe BH, Ram FS, 2001. Vitamin C supplementation for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD000993. 48 Kelly FJ, Mudway I, Blomberg A, Frew A, Sandstrom T, 1999. Altered lung antioxidant status in patients with mild asthma. Lancet, 354, 482-483. 49 Khaw KT, Bingham S, Welch A, Luben R, Wareham N, Oakes S, Day N, 2001. Relation between plasma ascorbic acid and mortality in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study: a prospective population study. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Lancet, 357, 657-663. 50 Kritharides L and Stocker R, 2002. The use of antioxidant supplements in coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis, 164, 211-219. 51 Landrum JT, Bone RA, Kilburn MD, 1997. The macular pigment: a possible role in protection from agerelated macular degeneration. Adv Pharmacol, 38, 537-556. 52 Laurin D, Foley DJ, Masaki KH, White LR, Launer LJ, 2002. Vitamin E and C supplements and risk of dementia. JAMA, 288, 2266-2268. 53 Maeda H and Akaike T, 1991. Oxygen free radicals as pathogenic molecules in viral diseases. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 198, 721-727. 54 Mann J and Truswell S, 2002. Essentials of Human Nutrition. Oxford University Press, USA, New York. 55 Martin A, Youdim K, Szprengiel A, Shukitt-Hale B, Joseph J, 2002. Roles of vitamins E and C on neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive performance. Nutr Rev, 60, 308-326. 56 McAlindon T and Felson DT, 1997. Nutrition: risk factors for osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 56, 397-400. 57 Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD, 2006. Dietary reference intakes: the essential guide to nutrient requirements. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. 58 Phillips CL and Yeowell HN, 1997. Vitamin C, Collagen Biosynthesis, and Aging. In: Vitamin C in Health and Disease. Packer L and Fuchs J (eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York, 205-230. 59 Prinz W, Bortz R, Bregin B, Hersch M, 1977. The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on some parameters of the human immunological defence system. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 47, 248-257. 134 60 Quinn J, Suh J, Moore MM, Kaye J, Frei B, 2003. Antioxidants in Alzheimer's disease-vitamin C delivery to a demanding brain. J Alzheimers Dis, 5, 309-313. 61 Renaud S and de Lorgeril M, 1992. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet, 339, 1523-1526. 62 Rice ME, 2000. Ascorbate regulation and its neuroprotective role in the brain. 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Int J Obes (Lond), 29, 391-397. 84 Zemel MB, Richards J, Milstead A, Campbell P, 2005. Effects of calcium and dairy on body composition and weight loss in African-American adults. Obes Res, 13, 1218-1225. 85 Zemel MB, 2005b. The role of dairy foods in weight management. J Am Coll Nutr, 24, 537S-546S. 237 ID 227: “Calcium” and “Nerve transmission/function” 1 Monographie calciumhaltige Heilwässer. 1990. Bundesanzeiger No. 115, S. 3239. 2 Ordonnance du Conseil Fédéral Suisse du Mars 1995 sur les denrées alimentaires et les objets usuels (ODAIOUs). 3 Council Directive 90/496/EEC of 24 September 1990 on nutrition labelling for foodstuffs. Official Journal L 276, 06/10/1990 P. 0040 - 0044. 4 Berdanier CD, Dwyer JT, Feldman EB, 2002. Handbook of Nutrition and Food. CRC Press. Taylor and Francis Book, Boca Raton. 5 Biesalski HK, Fürst P, Kasper H, Kluthe R, Pölert W, Puchstein C, Stählin HB, 1999. Ernährungsmedizin. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart. 6 Biesalski H-K, Köhrle J, Schümann K, 2002. Vitamine, spurenelemente und mineralstoffe: prävention und therapie mit mikronährstoffen. Thieme, Stuttgart. 7 BNF (British Nutrition Foundation), 1989. Calcium: the report of the British Nutrition Foundation's Task Force. British Nutrition Foundation, London. 8 COMA (Committee on Medicinal Aspects of Food Policy), 1998. Nutrition and bone health with particular reference to calcium and vitamin D: Report of the Subgroup on Bone Health (Working Group on the Nutritional Status of the Population) of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. The Stationary Office, London. 9 D-A-CH (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung - Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung), 2000. Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr. Umschau Braus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main. 10 DGE (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung), 2004. Ernährungsbericht. 11 Garrow JS, James WPT, Ralph A, James WPT, 2000. Human Nutrition and Dietetics Churchill Livingstone (Harcourt Publishers), Edinburgh. 12 Gibney M, Vorster H, Kok F, 2002. Introduction to Human Nutrition (The Nutrition Society Textbook) WileyBlackwell, Chichester. Chichister. 13 Gutenbrunner C and Hildebrandt G, 1994. Handbuch der Heilwassertrinkkuren. Sonntag-Verlag, Stuttgart. 14 Hahn A, Ströhle A, Wolters M, 2005. Ernährung–Physiologische Grundlagen, Prävention, Therapie. Stuttgart. 15 Heaney RP and Weaver CM, 2005. Newer perspectives on calcium nutrition and bone quality. J Am Coll Nutr, 24, 574S-581S. 16 IoM (Institute of Medicine), 1997. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. National Academies Press, Washington DC. 17 JHCI (Joint Health Claims Initiative), 2003. Final Technical Report A List of Well Established Nutrient Function Statements. 18 Kruse HP and Hinkel U, 2002. Calcium und Vitamin D-Physiologische Funktionen und die Bedeutung einer kombinierten Supplementierung. Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung, 142, 88-96. 19 Mann J and Truswell S, 2002. Essentials of Human Nutrition. Oxford University Press, USA, New York. 20 Sadler MJ, Strain JJ, Caballero B, 1999. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego. 21 SCF (Scientific Committee on Food), 2003. Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Calcium. 238 ID 228: “Calcium” and “Weight management” 1 Ordonnance du Conseil Fédéral Suisse du 23 novembre 2005 sur les denrées alimentaires et les objets usuels (ODAIOUs). 2 Avis de la commission interministérielle d‘étude des produits destinés à une alimentation particulière (CEDAP) en date du 18 décembre 1996 sur les recommandations relatives au caractère non trompeur des seuils des allégations nutritionnelles fonctionnelles. BOCCRF (Bulletin Officiel de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des fraudes) du 7 octobre 1997. 3 Council Directive 90/496/EEC of 24 September 1990 on nutrition labelling for foodstuffs. Official Journal L 276, 06/10/1990 P. 0040 - 0044. 4 Ordonnance du Conseil Fédéral Suisse du Mars 1995 sur les denrées alimentaires et les objets usuels (ODAIOUs). 5 Permitted Health Claims (Health Products and Food Branch of Health Canada, the Natural Health Products Directorate, NHPD) Food and Drug Regulations Section B.01.603. 6 Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council od 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. Official Journal of the European Union OJ L 404, 30.12.2006. Corrigendum OJ L 12, 18.1.2007, p. 3–18. 7 Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi F, 2005. Dairy consumption is inversely associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 82, 523-530. 8 Barba G and Russo P, 2006. Dairy foods, dietary calcium and obesity: a short review of the evidence. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 16, 445-451. 9 Barr SI, 2003. Increased dairy product or calcium intake: is body weight or composition affected in humans? J Nutr, 133, 245S-248S. 10 Belza A, Frandsen E, Kondrup J, 2007. Body fat loss achieved by stimulation of thermogenesis by a combination of bioactive food ingredients: a placebo-controlled, double-blind 8-week intervention in obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond), 31, 121-130. 11 Berkey CS, Rockett HR, Willett WC, Colditz GA, 2005. Milk, dairy fat, dietary calcium, and weight gain: a longitudinal study of adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 159, 543-550. 12 Boon N, Koppes LL, Saris WH, Van Mechelen W, 2005. The relation between calcium intake and body composition in a Dutch population: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Am J Epidemiol, 162, 27-32. 13 Bowen J, Noakes M, Clifton PM, 2005. Effect of calcium and dairy foods in high protein, energy-restricted diets on weight loss and metabolic parameters in overweight adults. 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Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Churchill Livingstone. 30 Gerstner G, Fighting obesity with calcium. Agro Food Industry hi-tech, 16, 16-18. 31 Gerstner G and De Vrese M, 2007. Dietary and supplemental calcium and its role in weight loss: weighing the evidence. In: Novel food ingredients for weight control. Henry CJK (ed.) Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge. 32 Gibney M, Voster H, Kok F, 2002. Introduction to Human Nutrition. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. 33 Gonzalez AJ, White E, Kristal A, Littman AJ, 2006. Calcium intake and 10-year weight change in middleaged adults. J Am Diet Assoc, 106, 1066-1073; quiz 1082. 34 Gunther CW, Legowski PA, Lyle RM, McCabe GP, Eagan MS, Peacock M, Teegarden D, 2005. Dairy products do not lead to alterations in body weight or fat mass in young women in a 1-y intervention. Am J Clin Nutr, 81, 751-756. 35 Gunther CW, Lyle RM, Legowski PA, James JM, McCabe LD, McCabe GP, Peacock M, Teegarden D, 2005. 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J Nutr, 133, 252S-256S. 96 Zemel MB, 2004. Role of calcium and dairy products in energy partitioning and weight management. Am J Clin Nutr, 79, 907S-912S. 97 Zemel MB and Miller SL, 2004. Dietary calcium and dairy modulation of adiposity and obesity risk. Nutr Rev, 62, 125-131. 98 Zemel MB, Thompson W, Milstead A, Morris K, Campbell P, 2004. Calcium and dairy acceleration of weight and fat loss during energy restriction in obese adults. Obes Res, 12, 582-590. 99 Zemel MB, 2005. The role of dairy foods in weight management. J Am Coll Nutr, 24, 537S-546S. 100 Zemel MB, Richards J, Mathis S, Milstead A, Gebhardt L, Silva E, 2005. Dairy augmentation of total and central fat loss in obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond), 29, 391-397. 101 Zemel MB, Richards J, Milstead A, Campbell P, 2005. Effects of calcium and dairy on body composition and weight loss in African-American adults. Obes Res, 13, 1218-1225. ID 229: “Calcium in dairy products” and “Weight management” 1 Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi F, 2005. Dairy consumption is inversely associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 82, 523-530. 2 Barba G and Russo P, 2006. Dairy foods, dietary calcium and obesity: a short review of the evidence. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 16, 445-451. 243 3 Barr SI, 2003. Increased dairy product or calcium intake: is body weight or composition affected in humans? J Nutr, 133, 245S-248S. 4 Berkey CS, Rockett HR, Willett WC, Colditz GA, 2005. Milk, dairy fat, dietary calcium, and weight gain: a longitudinal study of adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 159, 543-550. 5 Biesalski HK, Grimm P, Nowitzki-Grimm S, 2007. Taschenatlas der Ernährung. Thieme, Stuttgart. 6 Boon N, Koppes LL, Saris WH, Van Mechelen W, 2005. The relation between calcium intake and body composition in a Dutch population: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Am J Epidemiol, 162, 27-32. 7 Bowen J, Noakes M, Clifton PM, 2005. Effect of calcium and dairy foods in high protein, energy-restricted diets on weight loss and metabolic parameters in overweight adults. Int J Obes (Lond), 29, 957-965. 8 Buchowski MS, Semenya J, Johnson AO, 2002. Dietary calcium intake in lactose maldigesting intolerant and tolerant African-American women. J Am Coll Nutr, 21, 47-54. 9 Carruth BR and Skinner JD, 2001. The role of dietary calcium and other nutrients in moderating body fat in preschool children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, 559-566. 10 Cummings NK, James AP, Soares MJ, 2006. The acute effects of different sources of dietary calcium on postprandial energy metabolism. Br J Nutr, 96, 138-144. 11 Davies KM, Heaney RP, Recker RR, Lappe JM, Barger-Lux MJ, Rafferty K, Hinders S, 2000. Calcium intake and body weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 4635-4638. 12 DeJongh ED, Binkley TL, Specker BL, 2006. Fat mass gain is lower in calcium-supplemented than in unsupplemented preschool children with low dietary calcium intakes. Am J Clin Nutr, 84, 1123-1127. 13 Denke MA, Fox MM, Schulte MC, 1993. Short-term dietary calcium fortification increases fecal saturated fat content and reduces serum lipids in men. J Nutr, 123, 1047-1053. 14 Downs BW, Bagchi M, Subbaraju GV, Shara MA, Preuss HG, Bagchi D, 2005. Bioefficacy of a novel calcium-potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid. Mutat Res, 579, 149-162. 15 Drapeau V, Despres JP, Bouchard C, Allard L, Fournier G, Leblanc C, Tremblay A, 2004. Modifications in food-group consumption are related to long-term body-weight changes. Am J Clin Nutr, 80, 29-37. 16 Gerstner G, 2005. Fighting obesity with calcium. AgroFood Industry High Tech (B-to-B journal), 16. 17 Gerstner G and de Vrese M, 2007. 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