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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Electricity ■ Guided Reading and Study Electric Circuits This section explains what Ohm’s Law is. It also describes the basic features of an electric circuit and explains what series and parallel circuits are. Use Target Reading Skills As you read, compare and contrast series circuits and parallel circuits in the Venn diagram below. Write the similarities in the space where the circles overlap and the differences on the left and right sides. Parallel Circuit Series Circuit a. b. Only one path for current to take Ohm’s Law 1. Who performed experiments in the 1800s that demonstrated how current, voltage, and resistance are related? _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Ohm’s law says that ________________________ is equal to the voltage divided by the current. 3. Write the equation for Ohm’s law. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Rearrange the equation from Question 3 so that it finds voltage instead of resistance. _________________________________________________________________________ © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Electricity ■ Guided Reading and Study 5. In a circuit, there is a 0.8 A current in the bulb. The voltage across the bulb is 4.0 V. What is the bulb’s resistance? _________________________________________________________________________ 6. A 10-A current is in the heating coils of a toaster. If the resistance of the coils inside the toaster is 12 Ω, what must the voltage be? _________________________________________________________________________ 7. Is the following sentence true or false? For the same resistance, the greater the voltage, the greater the current. _________________________ Features of a Circuit 8. What are the three basic features all electric circuits must have? a. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ b. _____________________________________________________________________ c. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 9. Why are devices run by electrical energy represented as resistors in a circuit? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 10. Circle each example of a source of electrical energy. a. battery b. computer c. electric plant d. generator 11. Why is a switch often included in a circuit? _______________________________________________________________________ 12. Label each symbol used in the circuit diagram by filling in the blanks. a. + – b. current c. d. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Electricity _____________________________________________________________________ Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Electricity ■ Guided Reading and Study Electric Circuits (continued) Series Circuits 13. What is a series circuit? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 14. In a series circuit, how many paths are there for a current to take? ________________________ 15. Suppose you have a number of light bulbs connected together in a series circuit. What happens if one of the bulbs burns out? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 16. As more light bulbs are added to a series circuit, the bulbs become dimmer. Why? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 17. If you wanted to measure the current through some device in a circuit, how would you connect an ammeter? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Parallel Circuits 18. If different parts of a circuit are on separate branches, the circuit is called a(n) ________________________. 19. Suppose you have a number of light bulbs connected on a circuit, with each bulb on a separate branch. What happens if one of the bulbs burns out? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Electricity ■ Guided Reading and Study 20. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about what happens when more branches are added to a parallel circuit. a. Resistance increases. b. The current has more paths to follow. c. Resistance decreases. d. The current has fewer paths to follow. 21. Is the following sentence true or false? Adding more paths to a parallel circuit will increase the current. ________________________ 22. Identify each of the circuits shown here by writing the type of circuit on the line. Electricity a. b. 23. If you wanted to measure the voltage in a parallel circuit, how would you connect the voltmeter? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 24. Why wouldn’t you want the circuits in your home to be series circuits? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 25. What kind of circuit provides a path for current to wall sockets and appliances in a home? ________________________ 26. The voltage in most household circuits is ________________________. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.