Download 1 anaerobic, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain

Name ___________________
Period _____
Chapters 8&9 Notes: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
Words to Know: energy, autotrophs, heterotrophs, ATP, ADP, pigment, chlorophyll, stroma,
granum, photosynthesis, light dependent reactions, Calvin cycle, cellular respiration, aerobic,
anaerobic, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, alcoholic fermentation, lactic
acid fermentation, calorie
Energy & Life
energy: The ability to do _______________________.
 Can be stored in _______________________.
 Cells need energy to do things like _______________________,
_______________________, _______________________, and producing and storing
proteins.
autotrophs: Organisms that _______________________ their own food.
AKA:
ex:
heterotrophs: Organisms that _______________________ energy from the food that they eat.
AKA:
ex:
ATP (adenosine triphosphate): The main energy _______________________ compound for
living things.
 ATP is NOT good for storing _______________________of energy for a
_______________________ (glucose is used then).
 Has _______________________.
ADP (adenosine diphosphate): Same as _______________________, but with only 2
_______________________.
 When a cell has extra energy, it stores it by adding a _______________________ to
ADP, making _______________________.
 To release the energy, the bond is _______________________, converting
_______________________.
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Photosynthesis: An Overview
Light & Pigment
 White light is actually a mixture of different _______________________ of light.
 Pigments: light _______________________ molecules that gather the sun’s energy.
 The plant’s principle _______________________ is chlorophyll.
 Energy absorbed by chlorophyll is transferred directly to _______________________ in
the chlorophyll molecule. These high energy electrons make photosynthesis work.
So why are leaves green?
• Look at the wavelengths of light that chlorophyll absorbs & uses in photosynthesis.
•
The colors that are left are _______________________back and that is what you see.
Electron Carriers
 NADP+: can accept 2 high-energy electrons by _______________________ with an H+;
an “_______________________” energy carrier
 Similar to _______________________
 NADPH: the “_______________________” version
 Similar to _______________________
Photosynthesis: An Overview
 The process that captures light energy and uses it to make carbohydrates (glucose)
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
 Temperature
 Best between _______________________
 Light intensity
 A _______________________ intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis
until a maximum rate is reached.
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
Water
 A shortage can _______________________ photosynthesis.
The Process of Photosynthesis
Where does it take Place?
 In the _____________________.
Stroma:
Granum:
2 Parts:
 Light dependent reactions
 Light independent reactions (AKA dark
reactions or the Calvin Cycle)
Light Dependent Reactions
Where? The _______________________
1.) chlorophyll absorbs _______________________
2.) H2O is _______________________; O2 is _______________________
3.) ATP & energy carriers(NADPH) are _______________________ & take the
_______________________ (stored in their bonds) to the light independent reaction
Light Independent Reactions/ The Calvin Cycle
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Where? The _______________________
1.) ATP & NADPH are _______________________ down (ADP & NADP+) are
_______________________back to the light dependent reaction
2.) the energy released is used to convert CO2 to _______________________
Cellular Respiration: An Overview
calorie: The amount of ____________________ needed to raise 1g of H2O 1○ C.
 When burned, 1g of glucose releases ____________________ calories of heat
energy.
 Food labels show Calories (=____________________ calories).
Two more Electron Carriers
NAD+ & FAD: “____________________” energy carriers
 Similar to ADP
NADH & FADH2: the “____________________” versions
 Similar to ATP
Cellular Respiration
 Releases energy (ATP) by breaking down ____________________ in the
presence of ____________________.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----------> 6H2O + 6CO2
The Process of Cellular Respiration
Three parts:
• Glycolysis
• Kreb’s cycle
• Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis
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Where? The ____________________
1.) ____________________ is split to form 2 pyruvic acids (2C3H6O3)
2.) the energy is captured in ____________________ & ____________________
(NADH)
Kreb’s Cycle
Where? The ____________________
1.) 2 pyruvic acids (2C3H6O3) are broken down into ____________________
2.) the energy is captured in ____________________ & ____________________(NADH
& FADH2)
Electron Transport Chain
Where? The ____________________
1.) Energy carriers (NADH & FADH2) are broken apart; the energy released is used to
make ____________________
2.) O2 bonds with leftover H+ to make ____________________
Fermentation
 When O2 is present & all of cellular respiration occurs,
____________________are made from 1 C6H12O6.
 Aerobic: reactions that require ____________________ (the Kreb’s cycle
& electron transport chain)
 When there is no O2, only ____________________occurs & 2 ATPs are made
from 1 C6H12O6.
 Anaerobic: reactions that ____________________need oxygen
(glycolysis)
Glycolysis Advantage: ATP can be made without ____________________
Disadvantage: the cell will run out of ____________________ & glycolysis will stop
So… Fermentation occurs!
Fermentation: Allows ____________________ to continue by converting NADH into
NAD+
 Anaerobic
 Two types:
 ____________________ fermentation
Pyruvic acid + NADH -> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
 ____________________fermentation
Pyruvic acid + NADH -> lactic acid + NAD+
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