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Download Chart of Muscle Origin Insertion Action
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1 Muscles Of Mastication identification origin insertion maxilla, zygomatic arch Mandible elevates & protracts mandible Cat Zygomatic Bone Mandible elevates mandible Temporalis Human/Cat Temporal Bone Mandible elevates and retracts mandible Digastric Human mandible & mastoid process Hyoid Bone depress mandible occipital bone & mastoid process Mandible depress mandible Mylohyoid Human/Cat Mandible Hyoid bone raises floor of mouth; pulls hyoid forward Human Masseter Cat Muscles That Move The Head identification origin insertion action clavicle, sternum mastoid process flexes and laterally rotates head CAT ONLY sternum mastoid process turns and depresses head CAT ONLY clavicle mastoid process pulls head laterally; pulls clavicle craniad Sternocleidomastoid HUMAN ONLY Sternomastoid Cleidomastoid action 2 Muscles Of The Hyoid, Larynx And Tongue identification Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Geniohyoid origin insertion Sternum Hyoid depresses hyoid bone costal cartilage 1st rib Hyoid pulls hyoid caudally; raises ribs and sternum sternum Throid cartilage of larynx depresses thyroid cartilage costal cartilage 1st rib Throid cartilage of larynx pulls larynx caudad Human thyroid cartilage of larynx Hyoid Cat elevates thyroid cartilage and depresses hyoid bone thyroid cartilage of larynx Hyoid raises larynx Mandible Hyoid pulls hyoid craniad Human Cat Human Cat Human/Cat action 3 Muscles That Attach Pectoral Appendages To Vertebral Column identification origin Human Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi action Cat (3) Occipital bone; Thoracic and Cervical Vertebrae Scapula and clavicle raises clavicle; adducts, elevates, & depresses scapula Human Thoracic & Lumbar vertebrae, sacrum & ilium, last 4 ribs Humerus extends, adducts, and rotates arm medially; pulls shoulder down and back Cat Thoracic & Lumbar Vertebrae Humerus pulls arm dorsad and caudad Cervical 7 & Thoracic 1 Scapula adducts scapula Rhomboideus Minor (smaller & superior) Human Thoracic 2-5 vertebrae Rhomboideus Major Human Thoracic vertebrae (major); Thoracic (bigger & caudal) Cat (3) Rhomboideus insertion Levator Scapulae HUMAN ONLY Levator Scapulae Ventralis CAT ONLY vertebrae (minor); lamdoidal ridge (capitis) Scapula scapula; scapula; scapula moves scapula back and up and rotates downward pulls scapula dorsally & medially, same, pulls scapula craniad Cervical vertebrae Scapula elevates scapula Occipatal bone & Atlas Scapula pulls scapula craniad (toward head) 4 Muscles Of The Shoulder identification Deltoid (Cat 3) (spinodeltoid) (acromiodeltoid) (clavodeltoid) (Human) Deltoid Supraspinatus Human/Cat Infraspinatus Human/Cat Teres Major Subscapularis Human Cat origin insertion action scapula humerus flexes humerus & rotates outward scapula humerus flexes humerus & rotates outward clavicle & clavotrapezius muscle humerus flexes forearm clavicle & scapula humerus abducts arm scapula humerus h: abducts arm / c: extends humerus scapula humerus h: rotates humerus lateral / c: rotates humerus outward scapula humerus extends humerus, adducts and rotates arm flexes forearm & rotates it inward Human scapula humerus rotates humerus medially Cat scapula humerus pulls humerus medially Muscles Of The Upper Arm identification origin insertion action Triceps Brachii Human/Cat scapula, humerus, humerus Ulna extends forearm Biceps Brachii Human/Cat Scapula radius flexes & supinates forearm Brachialis Human/Cat humerus Ulna flexes forearm (long, lateral, medial) (long, short head) 5 Muscles That Attach Pectoral Appendages To Ventral (Front) Body Wall identification origin insertion action sternum forearm adducts arm clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 2-6 Humerus Flexes, Adducts & rotates arm medially Cat sternum Humerus adducts arm Human ribs 3-5 scapula depresses scapula; rotates shoulder upward Cat sternum humerus adducts arm scapula pulls scapula forward & rotates it upward Pectoantebrachialis CAT ONLY Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Human Serratus Anterior Human ribs 1-8,9 Serratus ventralis Cat ribs 1-10 Xiphihumeralis CAT ONLY xiphoid process pulls scapula forward & depresses it humerus adducts arm Muscles Of The Trunk /Thoracic Region identification External Intercostals Human Internal Intercostals Human Cat Cat origin insertion inferior border of rib above superior border of rib below caudal (bottom) border of 1 rib cranial border of next rib caudad (down) superior border of rib below inferior border of rib above Cranial border of 1 rib Caudal Border of next rib action Raise rib draw adjecent ribs together; lower ribs 6 Muscles Of The Trunk /Abdominal Region identification Rectus Abdominis origin action Human pubis costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 and sternum flexes vertebral column Cat pubis costal cartilage 1-4 ribs compresses abdomen lower 8 ribs ilium and linea alba compresses abdomen last 9 ribs linea alba from sternum to pubis compresses abdomen sternum, linea alba, pubis compresses abdomen linea alba compresses abdomen Human External Abdominal Obliques Cat Human Transversus abdominis insertion Cat ilium, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, costal cartilage last 6 ribs costal cartilage false ribs, L vertebrae, ilium Muscles Of The Trunk /Back Region identification origin Extensor Dorsi Communis (cat) CAT ONLY Spinalis Longissimus Iliocostalis extends vertebral column Erector Spinae HUMAN ONLY (group) Spinalis Longissimus Iliocostalis extends vertebral column Multifidus Human Cat Semispinalis Capitus HUMAN ONLY Semispinalis dorsi CAT ONLY insertion action sacrum, ilium, lumbar & thoracic & 4 cervical superior vertebrae extends vertebral column lumbar vertebrae anterior vertebrae extends back cervical 4 - thoracic 6 occipital bone extends head, rotates face last 4 thoracic vertebrae thoracic & cervical vertebrae extends vertebral column 7 Muscles Of The Hip identification Tensor Fascia Latae Caudofemoralis origin insertion action Human ilium iliotibial tract flexes & abducts femur Cat ilium patella & tibia extends thigh; aids in abduction and rotation 2 & 3 caudal vertebrae patella abducts thigh, extends shank ilium, sacrum, coccyx iliotibial tract & femur extends and rotates femur laterally last sacral and first caudal vertebrae femur abducts thigh ilium femur abducts and rotates femur laterally sacral and caudal vertebrae, ilium femur abducts thigh CAT ONLY Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Human Cat Human Cat Muscles Of The Thigh (Dorsal Femaoral Group — Flexors) The Back Of The Thigh What we call the Hamstrings identification Biceps Femoris origin insertion action ischium, femur tibia & fibula flexes knee, extends thigh Cat ischium patella, tibia adducts thigh, flexes shank Human ischium tibia flexes knee, extends thigh Cat ischium femur extends thigh Human ischium tibia flexes knee, extends thigh Cat ischium tibia flexes shank Human Semimembranosus SemitendinosUs 8 Muscles Of The Thigh (Ventral Femoral Group — Quads) the front of the thigh identification What we call the Quads Sartorius Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis origin insertion action Human ilium tibia Cat ilium patella flexes knee; flexes thigh and rotates it laterally Human ilium patella extends knee, flexes thigh Cat ilium patella extends lower leg Human femur patella, tibia extends knee Cat femur patella extends lower leg Human femur patella, tibia extends knee Cat femur patella extends lower leg adducts and rotates femur, extends tibia Muscles Of The Thigh (Medial Femoral Group) identification Gracilis Adductor Femoris (Magnus) Adductor Longus origin insertion action pubic bone tibia flexes knee, adducts thigh Cat ischium and pubis tibia adducts thigh and pulls it caudad Human pubis and ischium femur adducts, flexes, and extends femur Cat pubis and ischium femur extends thigh pubic bone femur adducts, rotates, and flexes femur pubis femur adducts thigh Human Human Cat 9 Muscles Of The Lower Leg identification Gastrocnemius (calf) origin insertion action Human femur calcaneus plantar flexes foot Cat femur calcaneus extends foot tibia & fibula calcaneus plantar flexes foot fibula metatarsals extends foot tibia first metatarsal & tarsal flexes foot dorsally and inverts it tibia & fibula first metatarsal flexes foot Soleus (deep or under Human the calf) Cat Tibialis Anterior Human Cat Abduction Extension Pronation Movement of a bone, and the limb of which it is a part, away from the mid-line of the body. Verb: To abduct Increasing the angle between articulating bones, often to restore a part of the body to the anatomical position after it has been flexed. Movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned backward or downward. Flexion Movement of a bone such that it revolves around it’s own longitudinal axis (e.g. turning the head from side to side at the joint between the atlas and axis). Abductor Any muscle that moves one part of the body away from another - or away from the midline of the body. Action Movement (usually of skin or bone) caused by muscle contractions. Adduction Movement of a bone, and the limb of which it is a part, towards the mid-line of the body. Verb: To adduct Adductor Any muscle that moves one part of the body towards another - or towards the midline of the body. Dorsiflexion Backward flexion of a foot or hand, or of their digits. That is, bending fingers or toes backwards towards the upper surface of the foot or hand. Put another way: Bending of the foot (or hand) in the direction of the dorsum (superior surface), e.g. when standing on ones heels. Decreasing the angle between articulating bones. For example, “Plantar Flexion” is the bending of the toes (or fingers) downwards towards the sole (or palm). Flexor A muscle that causes a limb or other body-part to bend. Examples include the mucles of the arms, legs, fingers, and toes. Insertion The position at which the other end of the muscle (i.e. from its origin) is attached, by means of a tendon, to the moveable bone. Origin The attachment of muscle (by means of a tendon) to the stationary bone. Plantarflexion Flexion of a foot or hand, or of their digits. That is, bending fingers or toes towards the lower surface of the foot or hand. For example, bending the foot in the direction of the plantar surface, as when standing on your toes - as opposed to ones heels. Rotation Supination Movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned forward or upward.
