Download Connective Tissue

Review: Epithelial Tissue
• “There are 2 basic kinds of epithelial tissues.”
What could that mean?
* simple vs. stratified
* absorptive vs. protective
* glands vs. other
• You are looking at epithelial cells from the intestine.
tight junctions; simple columnar;
What do you expect to see?
gobet cells; microvilli
• You are looking at epithelial cells from the trachea.
What do you expect to see?
cilia; pseudostratified columnar; goblet cells
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4-1 Four Types of Tissue
Tissue Type
Role(s)
- Covers surfaces/passages
- Forms glands
CONNECTIVE
- Structural support
- Fills internal spaces
- Transports materials
- Contraction!
- Transmits information
(electrically)
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Classification of connective tissue
1. Connective tissue proper
1a. Loose: areolar, adipose, reticular
1b. Dense: dense regular, dense irregular, elastic
2. Fluid connective tissue
2a. Blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
2b. Lymph
3. Supporting connective tissue
3a. Cartilage: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
3b. Bone
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Defining connective tissue by the process of
elimination
if not epithelial, muscle, or nervous, must be connective!
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.4 Areolar connective tissue: A prototype (model) connective tissue.
Cell types
Extracellular
matrix
Ground substance
Macrophage
Fibers = proteins
• Collagen fiber
• Elastic fiber
• Reticular fiber
Fibroblast
Lymphocyte
Adipocyte
Capillary
Mast cell
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The Cells of Connective Tissue Proper
Melanocytes and macrophages, mesenchymal, mast;
Adipo- / lympho- / fibrocytes and also fibroblasts.
These are the cells of connective tissue proper;
Sing this song the whole day long until you know them all!
Melody playback:
http://www.noteflight.com/scores/view/172efe927723615fe7c94fc62ff05ab7bc5ce26a
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4-4 Connective Tissue:
importance of extracellular matrix!
Tissue Type
Extracellular stuff?
keratin
epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous
ground substance (fluid with polysaccharides)
protein fibers like collagen
???
???
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Extracellular matrix = everything outside/between the cells
ground substance + extracellular
protein fibers
collagen fibers (thickest)
sticky, viscous
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
elastic fibers (made out of elastin)
reticular fibers (thinnest)
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Proteins’ structures suggest their functional
properties
collagen
elastin
Which is elastin, and which is collagen?
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Tie-in with Chapter 3:
Where are extracellular proteins made?
How do they reach their final destination?
vesicles dump proteins outside cell
ER sent proteins to Golgi, packaged as vesicles
proteins synthesized on ribosomes on ER
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5a Connective tissues.
Embryonic connective tissue: Mesenchyme
Description:
* gel-like ground substance
* sparse, fine fibers
* star-shaped mesenchymal cells
Location:
Primarily in embryo
Fibers
Ground
substance
Mesenchymal
cell
Function:
gives rise to all connective tissues
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5b Connective tissues.
all older from here
Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar
Description:
* gel-like matrix with all 3 fiber types
* cells: many types!
Ward's 93-3224
Collagen
fibers
Fibroblast
nuclei
Location:
Widely distributed under epithelia
Elastic
fibers
Epithelium
Lamina
propria
Function:
(1) cushioning! (2) macrophages and mast cells
contribute to inflammation and immune response
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5c Connective tissues.
Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose
Description:
* sparse matrix (unusual
* closely packed adipocytes
* nucleus pushed to the side
Location:
* under skin
* around kidneys & eyes
* abdomen
* breasts
Function:
for connective tissue)
Vacuole
containing
fat droplet
Nuclei of
fat cells
cushioning; energy storage; warmth/insulation
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5d Connective tissues.
Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular
Description:
* network of reticular fibers
* loose ground substance
* reticular cells
Location:
Lymphoid organs (lymph
nodes, bone marrow, spleen)
White
blood cell
(lymphocyte)
Reticular
fibers
Spleen
Function:
blood cell development; "cleaning" blood of old cells
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5e Connective tissues.
Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense regular
Description:
* primarily parallel collagen fibers
* major cell type: fibroblast
Location:
* Tendons
* Ligaments
IMPORTANT
Collagen
fibers
Nuclei of
fibroblasts
Shoulder
joint
Ligament
Tendon
Function:
Connect bone to bones and bones to muscle
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Figure 6.5f Connective tissues.
Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, elastic
Description:
* Mostly elastic fibers
Location:
* Walls of large arteries
* Between vertebrae
Elastic
fibers
Aorta
Heart
Function:
Photomicrograph: Elastic connective tissue in the
wall of the aorta (250).
allows tissues to stretch (and then relax)
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5g Connective tissues.
Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular
Description:
* primarily irregularly arranged
collagen fibers (not all parallel)
* major cell type: fibroblast
Nuclei of
fibroblasts
Location:
* capsules of organs & joints
* dermis of skin
Collagen
fibers
Fibrous
joint
capsule
93-2360 ligamentum nuchae includes this
Function:
strong in all directions
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5h Connective tissues.
Supporting connective tissue = cartilage + bone
Cartilage: hyaline
Description:
* amorphous but firm matrix
* collagen fibers form an
imperceptible network
(can't see collagen)
Location:
* ends of long bones
* ribs
* nose, trachea, larynx
Chondrocyte
in lacuna
Matrix
Costal
cartilages
Function:
strength; resists compression
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5i Connective tissues.
Cartilage: elastic
Description:
* Similar to hyaline cartilage,
but more elastic fibers
Location:
* external ear (auricle)
* epiglottis
Function:
cartilage cell
Chondrocyte
in lacuna
Matrix
flexible, maintains shape
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5j Connective tissues.
Cartilage: fibrocartilage
Description:
XXXXXX
* Matrix similar to but less firm
than hyaline cartilage’s
* Mostly thick collagen fibers
Location:
* intervertebral discs
* pubic bones
* knee joint
Chondrocytes
in lacunae
Intervertebral
discs
Collagen
fiber
Photomicrograph: Fibrocartilage of an intervertebral
disc (160). Special staining produced the blue color seen.
Function:
strength/support, resists compression
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5k Connective tissues.
Bones (osseous tissue)
Description:
* hard, calcified matrix with
many collagen fibers
* osteocytes in lacunae
* abundant blood supply
Central
canal
Lacunae
Location:
Lamella
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QIPTQIBUFJOTUFBEPGQPMZTBDDIBSJEFT
Function:
support/strength; levers for muscles; marrow =>
blood cell development
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LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5l Connective tissues.
Blood
Description:
* fluid matrix (plasma)
Plasma
Neutrophil
Location:
Red blood
cells
Lymphocyte
Photomicrograph: Smear of human blood (1000);
two white blood cells (neutrophil and lymphocyte) are
seen surrounded by red blood cells.
Function:
transport... RBCs carry O2, white blood cells => immune
system, platelets do clotting
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4-4 Connective Tissue
• Functions of Connective Tissues?
(summary of previous slides…)
1. Connective tissue proper
cushioning, connection
2. Fluid connective tissues
transport
3. Supporting connective tissues
strength and support
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Review: Connective Tissue
• Which is stiffer?
Collagen - resists stretching
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Review: Connective Tissue
IGNORE!!!!!!
• Which is stiffest, based on location in body?
• Hyaline cartilage
• Elastic cartilage
• Fibrocartilage
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