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Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 1 Chapter 4 Solar System Overview Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 2 Outline • Logistics • • • • Read debris, formation (4.2, 4.3). Turn in Kepler today. Turn in Sunset 2 (or 1!). Solar System • Size • Planet survey • Debris Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 3 If you built a tower in Durango that was 1000 km high (much higher than the Space Station orbital altitude) and tried to weigh yourself on top of it, you would find: A) You are in space, and therefore weightless B) You weigh the same as you would on the ground in Durango C) You weigh a little less than on the ground in Durango. D) You weigh about one sixth of what you weigh on the ground in Durango. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 4 If you built a tower in Durango that was 1000 km high (much higher than the Space Station orbital altitude) and tried to weigh yourself on top of it, you would find: A) You are in space, and therefore weightless B) You weigh the same as you would on the ground in Durango C) You weigh a little less than on the ground in Durango. D) You weigh about one sixth of what you weigh on the ground in Durango. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 5 Gravity • • • • Objects near the Earth’s surface all appear to have the same acceleration due to gravity. More massive objects and the Earth are attracted to each other with a greater force. Gravitational force is proportional to the object’s mass. Acceleration due to any force is inversely proportional to the mass. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 6 Newton • Modification to Kepler’s 3rd Law • That “math” law - updated P2 (years) = a3 (astronomical units) Mtotal(solar units) • For planets around the Sun, this makes very little difference except for (even for) Jupiter (0.1% Msun) Which mass pair has the greatest gravitational force between them? 1: A 5Msolar mass and a 4Msolar mass separated by 4 AU. 2: A 4Msolar mass and a 3Msolar mass separated by 3 AU. 3: A 3Msolar mass and a 2Msolar mass separated by 2 AU. 4: A 2Msolar mass and a 1Msolar mass separated by 1 AU. Which mass pair has the greatest gravitational force between them? 1: A 5Msolar mass and a 4Msolar mass separated by 4 AU. 2: A 4Msolar mass and a 3Msolar mass separated by 3 AU. 3: A 3Msolar mass and a 2Msolar mass separated by 2 AU. 4: A 2Msolar mass and a 1Msolar mass separated by 1 AU. Chapter 4 Solar System Survey Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 10 Figure 4.3 Planetary Alignment Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 11 Solar System • Viewing the Solar System from another star, what can you observe? Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 12 Solar System • Viewing the Solar System from another star, what can you observe? • 99.9% of the mass of the solar system is in the sun. • Most of the rest is in Jupiter • As you approach the solar system, what can you observe? Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 13 Solar System • Viewing the Solar System from another star, what can you observe? • 99.9% of the mass of the solar system is in the sun. • Most of the rest is in Jupiter • As you approach the solar system, what can you observe? • • • • Almost everything is in a plane Some small rocky (Terrestrial) planets Some big gaseous (Jovian) planets Some other stuff (debris) Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 14 Figure 4.1 Solar System Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 15 Figure 4.2 Sun and Planets Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 16 Solar System Model • • • • Earth - Moon system Planet Sizes Planet distances Stellar distances Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 17 What is the correct order, going from closest to farthest from the Sun? A) Venus, Jupiter, Asteroids, Neptune B) Jupiter, Neptune , Oort cloud, Pluto C) Venus, Asteroids, Saturn, Neptune D) Neptune, Uranus, Asteroids, Kuiper Belt E) Saturn, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 18 Solar System • Let’s look at some of these system planets Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 19 What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 20 What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 21 Figure 6.9 Mercury, Up Close - and Messenger Flyby Photos on-line Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 22 Figure 6.2 Mercury - the view from Earth Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 23 What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Venus B) Earth C) Neptune D) Mars E) Uranus Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 24 What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Venus B) Earth C) Neptune D) Mars E) Uranus Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 25 Figure 6.5 Venus - Earth’s sister planet Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 26 What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 27 Figure 6.6 Mars A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 28 Solar System Debris • What about the rest of the stuff? Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 29 Review Questions Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 30 When is the Sun directly overhead in Durango, Colorado? A) Every day at noon B) Only on the equinox days, at noon C) Only on the northern summer solstice, at noon D) Never Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 31 When is the Sun directly overhead in Durango, Colorado? A) Every day at noon B) Only on the equinox days, at noon C) Only on the northern summer solstice, at noon D) Never Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 32 The practical limit in magnification for a 10 inch refractor is… A) There is no limit because you can always change eyepieces B) 300x, limited by the atmosphere C) 200x, limited by the diameter D) 100x, limited by the magnitude Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 33 The practical limit in magnification for a 10 inch refractor is… A) There is no limit because you can always change eyepieces B) 300x, limited by the atmosphere C) 200x, limited by the diameter D) 100x, limited by the magnitude Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 34 If there is a new moon on Dec 21, where along the horizon will it rise in Sydney, Australia? A) North of east B) Due east C) South of east D) Can’t tell with information given Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 35 If there is a new moon on Dec 21, where along the horizon will it rise in Sydney, Australia? A) North of east B) Due east C) South of east D) Can’t tell with information given Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 36 More Physics Fun • Suppose that you support a meter stick such that more of it sticks off to the left as shown. Now suppose you moves your fingers slowly together until they touch. What will happen to the meter stick? Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 37 Meter stick A) It will fall off the right side. B) It will fall off the left side. C) Neither; it will end up balanced on your fingers. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 38 A scientist in the video traveled to the arctic to study A) B) C) D) E) The aurora borealis Polar bears Melting polar ice Earth’s magnetic pole location Nutritional value of M&Ms Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 39 Video Notes • Asteroid Density • Pictures show density way to high • Mars Atmosphere • Much simpler explanation • Water on Moon • New discovery Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 40 Three Minute Paper • Write 1-3 sentences. • What was the most important thing you learned today? • What questions do you still have about today’s topics? Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College 41