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Charles Hakes
Fort Lewis College
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Chapter 4
Solar System Overview
Charles Hakes
Fort Lewis College
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Outline
• Logistics
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•
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Read debris, formation (4.2, 4.3).
Turn in Kepler today.
Turn in Sunset 2 (or 1!).
Solar System
• Size
• Planet survey
• Debris
Charles Hakes
Fort Lewis College
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If you built a tower in Durango that was 1000 km high
(much higher than the Space Station orbital altitude)
and tried to weigh yourself on top of it, you would find:
A) You are in space, and therefore weightless
B) You weigh the same as you would on the ground in Durango
C) You weigh a little less than on the ground in Durango.
D) You weigh about one sixth of what you weigh on the ground in
Durango.
Charles Hakes
Fort Lewis College
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If you built a tower in Durango that was 1000 km high
(much higher than the Space Station orbital altitude)
and tried to weigh yourself on top of it, you would find:
A) You are in space, and therefore weightless
B) You weigh the same as you would on the ground in Durango
C) You weigh a little less than on the ground in Durango.
D) You weigh about one sixth of what you weigh on the ground in
Durango.
Charles Hakes
Fort Lewis College
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Gravity
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Objects near the Earth’s surface all appear to
have the same acceleration due to gravity.
More massive objects and the Earth are
attracted to each other with a greater force.
Gravitational force is proportional to the object’s
mass.
Acceleration due to any force is inversely
proportional to the mass.
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Fort Lewis College
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Newton
• Modification to Kepler’s 3rd Law
• That “math” law - updated
P2 (years) = a3 (astronomical units)
Mtotal(solar units)
• For planets around the Sun, this
makes very little difference except for
(even for) Jupiter (0.1% Msun)
Which mass pair has the greatest
gravitational force between them?
1: A 5Msolar mass and a 4Msolar mass separated by 4 AU.
2: A 4Msolar mass and a 3Msolar mass separated by 3 AU.
3: A 3Msolar mass and a 2Msolar mass separated by 2 AU.
4: A 2Msolar mass and a 1Msolar mass separated by 1 AU.
Which mass pair has the greatest
gravitational force between them?
1: A 5Msolar mass and a 4Msolar mass separated by 4 AU.
2: A 4Msolar mass and a 3Msolar mass separated by 3 AU.
3: A 3Msolar mass and a 2Msolar mass separated by 2 AU.
4: A 2Msolar mass and a 1Msolar mass separated by 1 AU.
Chapter 4
Solar System
Survey
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Fort Lewis College
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Figure 4.3
Planetary Alignment
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Fort Lewis College
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Solar System
• Viewing the Solar System from another star, what
can you observe?
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Fort Lewis College
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Solar System
• Viewing the Solar System from another star, what
can you observe?
• 99.9% of the mass of the solar system is in the sun.
• Most of the rest is in Jupiter
• As you approach the solar system, what can you
observe?
Charles Hakes
Fort Lewis College
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Solar System
• Viewing the Solar System from another star, what
can you observe?
• 99.9% of the mass of the solar system is in the sun.
• Most of the rest is in Jupiter
• As you approach the solar system, what can you
observe?
•
•
•
•
Almost everything is in a plane
Some small rocky (Terrestrial) planets
Some big gaseous (Jovian) planets
Some other stuff (debris)
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Fort Lewis College
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Figure 4.1
Solar System
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Fort Lewis College
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Figure 4.2
Sun and Planets
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Fort Lewis College
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Solar System Model
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Earth - Moon system
Planet Sizes
Planet distances
Stellar distances
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Fort Lewis College
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What is the correct order, going from
closest to farthest from the Sun?
A) Venus, Jupiter, Asteroids, Neptune
B) Jupiter, Neptune , Oort cloud, Pluto
C) Venus, Asteroids, Saturn, Neptune
D) Neptune, Uranus, Asteroids, Kuiper Belt
E) Saturn, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus
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Fort Lewis College
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Solar System
• Let’s look at some of these system planets
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Fort Lewis College
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What solar system object are you looking at here?
A) Moon
B) Earth
C) Mercury
D) Mars
E) Titan
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Fort Lewis College
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What solar system object are you looking at here?
A) Moon
B) Earth
C) Mercury
D) Mars
E) Titan
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Fort Lewis College
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Figure 6.9
Mercury, Up Close - and Messenger Flyby Photos on-line
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Fort Lewis College
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Figure 6.2
Mercury - the view from Earth
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Fort Lewis College
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What solar system object are you looking at here?
A) Venus
B) Earth
C) Neptune
D) Mars
E) Uranus
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Fort Lewis College
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What solar system object are you looking at here?
A) Venus
B) Earth
C) Neptune
D) Mars
E) Uranus
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Fort Lewis College
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Figure 6.5
Venus - Earth’s sister planet
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Fort Lewis College
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What solar system object are you looking at here?
A) Moon
B) Earth
C) Mercury
D) Mars
E) Titan
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Fort Lewis College
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Figure 6.6
Mars
A) Moon
B) Earth
C) Mercury
D) Mars
E) Titan
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Fort Lewis College
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Solar System Debris
• What about the rest of the stuff?
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Fort Lewis College
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Review Questions
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Fort Lewis College
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When is the Sun directly
overhead in Durango, Colorado?
A) Every day at noon
B) Only on the equinox days, at noon
C) Only on the northern summer solstice, at noon
D) Never
Charles Hakes
Fort Lewis College
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When is the Sun directly
overhead in Durango, Colorado?
A) Every day at noon
B) Only on the equinox days, at noon
C) Only on the northern summer solstice, at noon
D) Never
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Fort Lewis College
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The practical limit in magnification for
a 10 inch refractor is…
A) There is no limit because you can always change
eyepieces
B) 300x, limited by the atmosphere
C) 200x, limited by the diameter
D) 100x, limited by the magnitude
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Fort Lewis College
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The practical limit in magnification for
a 10 inch refractor is…
A) There is no limit because you can always change
eyepieces
B) 300x, limited by the atmosphere
C) 200x, limited by the diameter
D) 100x, limited by the magnitude
Charles Hakes
Fort Lewis College
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If there is a new moon on Dec 21, where along
the horizon will it rise in Sydney, Australia?
A) North of east
B) Due east
C) South of east
D) Can’t tell with information given
Charles Hakes
Fort Lewis College
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If there is a new moon on Dec 21, where along
the horizon will it rise in Sydney, Australia?
A) North of east
B) Due east
C) South of east
D) Can’t tell with information given
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Fort Lewis College
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More Physics Fun
•
Suppose that you support a meter
stick such that more of it sticks off
to the left as shown. Now suppose
you moves your fingers slowly
together until they touch. What will
happen to the meter stick?
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Fort Lewis College
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Meter stick
A) It will fall off the right side.
B) It will fall off the left side.
C) Neither; it will end up balanced on your
fingers.
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Fort Lewis College
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A scientist in the video
traveled to the arctic to study
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The aurora borealis
Polar bears
Melting polar ice
Earth’s magnetic pole location
Nutritional value of M&Ms
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Fort Lewis College
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Video Notes
• Asteroid Density
• Pictures show density way to high
• Mars Atmosphere
• Much simpler explanation
• Water on Moon
• New discovery
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Fort Lewis College
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Three Minute Paper
• Write 1-3 sentences.
• What was the most important thing
you learned today?
• What questions do you still have
about today’s topics?
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Fort Lewis College
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