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Democracy Development in
Russia
and the World Economic Crisis
Lazareva Marina
Candidate of Legal Sciences
Senior Lecturer
Moscow State Law Academy n.a. O.E.Kutafin
Vologda Affiliate
Plan
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Introductory words about crisis
1.
Form of state rule
2. The President
3. The Parliament
4. The Government
Summary
Form of state rule – is a procedure of building up
and interaction of supreme bodies of state power.
Triangle of Powers
President –
represents the country
Parliament issues laws
Government –
implements the laws
.
The one who has influence on the Government,
he rules the country
Formation
Government
Dissolution
Pyramid of Power
Prime-minister
one
party
Government
Parliamentary majority
stability
Prime-minister
many
parties
Government
Parliamentary majority
Instability
Russia is a mixed republic
- The President of Russia is elected by the population
- The Government is formed jointly by the President and the Parliament,
but the President dominates in this process
- The Government bears the political responsibility before the President
and the Parliament, but the President dominates in this process
- The President has the right to dissolve the State Duma (lower chamber
of the Parliament)
The Russian Presidents
Boris Eltsin
1991 – 1996
1996 – 1999
Vladimir Putin
2000 – 2004
2004 – 2008
2012 – to the present
Dmitry Medvedev
2008 - 2012
Russian presidential elections, %
80
71
70
70
64
60
57
54
53
50
40
40
35
32
29
30
18
17
20
17
14
10
0
Eltsin
Ryzhkov
1991
Eltsin
Zyuganov
Eltsin
1996
Zyuganov
Putin
Zyuganov
2000
Putin
Kharitonov Medvedev Zyuganov
2004
2008
Putin
Zyuganov
2012
Sovereign democracy
Sovereign democracy - implies that policy of the President must first of all be
supported by majority of the population in Russia, such majority support is a
main principle of a democratic society. A sovereign-democratic regime is
characterized by developing democracy and at the same time by defending
personal and state independence to the extent which is rational and possible in
the modern world.
Imitation democracy — it is a form of a political system when despite the
formal democratic legislation and formal implementation of all electoral
procedures, actual participation of civil society in ruling the state and influence
of the society on the power (the feedback) is insignificant and minimal.
Imitation democracy as a rule has a political system with one dominant party.
The State Duma of the Russian
Federation
Communist Party
of the Russian Federation
Gennady Zyuganov
“A Just Russia”
Sergey Mironov
“United Russia”
Dmitry Medvedev
Liberal Democratic
Party of Russia
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Duma 1 (1994-1996)
Total 13 parties and
blocs
Duma 2 (1996-2000)
Total 23 parties and
blocs
Duma 3 (2000-2003)
Total 14 parties and
blocs
64
74
109
113
150
157
64
107
77
42
75
55
17
52
130
64
Duma 5 (2007-2011)
Total 4 parties, no
independent deputies
Duma 4 (2003-2007)
Total 10 parties and
blocs
Duma 6 (2011-2016)
Total 4 parties, no
independent deputies
38
56
44
17
СР
40
Иные
Независимые
ЛДПР
ЛДПР
35
64
ЛДПР
СР
Единая Россия
57
238
КПРФ
46
КПРФ
КПРФ
Единая Россия
Единая Россия
308
315
1. КПРФ
2. Отечество — Вся Россия
74
113
Дума 3 созыв а (2000—2003) Всего 14 парт ий и блоков
3. Единство
107
75
17
92
4. Блок Жириновского
64
5. Независимые
6.Иные
The electoral and party legislation
o 2005-2007 - strict rules for minimal number of party members were
introduced, out of several dozens of parties there were only 7 left.
o
2007 - the State Duma, regional and municipal parliaments were elected
exclusively by proportional system, this significantly strengthened position of
the existing 7 parties.
o 2012 - the President Dmitry Medvedev offered to carry out a political reform to
liberalize the party legislation.
Government of Russia (from 1991 to present day)
President Eltsin (1991-1996)
President Eltsin (1996-1999)
1. Ельцин
13%
6.Путин
12%
5.Степашин
10%
2. Гайдар
10%
President Putin (2000-2004)
2.Христинко
2%
1. Черномырдин
41%
4.Примаков
21%
3.Черномырдин
77%
1.Касьянов
98%
2.Кириенко
14%
President Putin (2004-2008)
3.Черномырдин
2%
President Medvedev (2008-2012)
1.Фрадков
19%
1.Путин
100%
2.Зубков
81%
Population of Russia and unemployed
160
155
млн.чел.
6,7
150
3,9
7,7
5,3
145
148,6
148,3
140
6,4
4,6
4,7
142,8
142
141,9
141,9
2005
2007
2008
2009
5,6
5
142,9
143
2010
2011
146,3
135
1992
1995
2000
годы
Resume
GDP of Russia
GDP and the average per capita income
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
1992
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011