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th 8 Midterm Review Split-Page What book portrayed slavery as an extremely evil thing before the Civil War? Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin? What term described how the North and South were very different areas before the Civil War? It meant that people had more loyalty to their area than the country as a whole. Which area of the country has the most industry? Which area of the country has the most slaves? Which area of the country has the most railroads? Which area of the country has the largest population? Which area of the country were abolitionists located? Which area of the country has the most plantations? What was the secret route used by slaves to escape to Canada? What was the name given to the rich ruling class in the South that controlled politics and owned plantations? When a territory was able to vote whether to have slavery? Who won the election of 1860 which pushed the South to secede? What term refers to the separation of people of different races? 1820 agreement which drew a line through the Louisiana Purchase territory. Slavery was allowed below the line and outlawed above the line. Missouri entered the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Supreme Court case where a slave sued for his freedom. It was determined that he was not a citizen and could not sue. An end result was that slavery would be allowed anywhere in the United States. What 1793 invention by Eli Whitney made it easier to pick seeds out of cotton so that cotton could now be grown for a profit. Name given to people who wanted to end slavery. First hand accounts – the person actually saw the event occur. What term refers to the plan for rebuilding the South after the Civil War? In the 1840’s when President James K. Polk led the movement to expand the United States to the Pacific Ocean. What was the original reason that Lincoln joined the war? How do we remember the North’s strategy to win the war? Whose plan for Reconstruction said state governments must be disbanded, states must write new constitutions, states had to ratify the 14th Amendment and allow African Americans to vote? Who was the first president to be impeached? What amendment freed the slaves? Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe sectionalism North South North North North South Underground Railroad cottonocracy Popular sovereignty Abraham Lincoln segregation Missouri Compromise Dred Scott Case Cotton gin abolitionists Primary source Reconstruction Manifest Destiny Bring the Union back together Chain – Saw - Seize Radical Republicans Andrew Johnson 13th Amendment What was the name given to laws designed to limit the rights of blacks? The laws were passed immediately after the war. Voters had to pay a fee in order to vote. Black codes Name 3 of the 4 S’s that were causes of the Civil War. Sectionalism, states’ rights, slavery, secession Freedman’s Bureau What was the name given to the government organization designed to help former slaves? What was the capital of the South for most of the war? What did the chain stand for in the Northern strategy to win the war? What group’s goal was to break the power of rich southern planters? What was another name for the North’s blockade? In other words, it was called the _____ Plan. What economic problem did both the North and South have to deal with? What was it called when former slaves worked land and in return had to pay off a part of their crop and the cost of rent / seed in return? Most never made enough to pay off their debts. People could vote if they could read and explain a section of the Constitution. Group who used violence to harass freedmen. What was the South’s strategy for winning the war? What did the saw stand for in the Union plan of victory? What was the name given to southern Republicans who cooperated with Reconstruction? What freed the slaves in area under Confederate control? Where did General Lee surrender? Who proposed the 10% Plan of Reconstruction? What amendment gave African Americans the right to vote? How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the focus of the war? Why was the South fighting the war? Name given to former slaves. What did the Seize stand for in the Union plan of victory? What famous African American unit fought courageously at Fort Wagner, South Carolina? What term means the legal separation of the races? A person could vote if their father or grandfather had voted. What term refers to the idea that some states believed their interests were more important than the issues of the nation as a whole? What battle was known as the turning point of the Civil War? Poll tax Richmond, Virginia Blockade the South Radical Republicans Anaconda Inflation. sharecropping Literacy test Ku Klux Klan (KKK) Fight a defensive war until the North got tired of fighting Capture the Mississippi River, splitting the Confederacy in 2 Scalawags Emancipation Proclamation Appomattox Courthouse Abraham Lincoln 15th Amendment Added freeing slaves to the goals of the war To save the “Southern way of life”” which included slavery freedmen Capture Richmond 54th Massachusetts segregation Grandfather clause States’ rights Gettysburg Before the Civil War, which section of the country was most for states’ rights? What was the name of the most famous iron-clad battle? Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction for their own personal benefit? What amendment made former slaves citizens? What laws kept African Americans from gaining political and economic power immediately after the war was over? How many slaves were freed immediately by the Emancipation Proclamation? Who was the most famous Confederate General? Laws which segregated blacks and whites. Supreme Court case which made segregation legal if facilities were equal. Which army had the advantage of fighting mostly on their homeland? Who assassinated Abraham Lincoln? Who won the battle of Gettysburg? What term means a strong sense of loyalty to a state or nation? Who made the Gettysburg Address? Who was the President of the Confederate States of America? Who was the most successful Union General? Sharecropping was very similar to what? Which side had more industry before the Civil War? Which side had more slavery before the Civil War? What said the Civil War was a test of whether a democratic government could survive? Which side had a larger population before the Civil War began? Who was the President of the United States during the Civil War? Who was afraid of competition from freedmen? Which army had a better navy when the war began? In 1866 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act granting citizenship to African Americans. What amendment did this create? What animal were Native American on the plains dependent on? What were the results when gold was found in an area? What Asian immigrant came to work in the mines and on the transcontinental railroad? South Monitor vs. Merrimack carpetbaggers 14th Amendment Black codes Zero – Confederate states didn’t consider Lincoln their president and didn’t listen to him so zero Robert E. Lee Jim Crow Laws Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) South John Wilkes Booth North sectionalism Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis Ulysses S. Grant slavery North South Gettysburg Address North Abraham Lincoln Poor in the South and factory workers in the North North th 14 Amendment buffalo Native American tribes lost their land, boom towns Chinese What thing caused the most growth out west? At what battle was George Armstrong Custer defeated by Sitting Bull? What were areas that Native Americans were forced to live called? What happened when Native Americans tried to fight to keep their land? What act attempted to make Native Americans become farmers like white people? What act gave farmers 160 acres if they farmed it for 5 years? What were farmers on the Great Plains called? What did farmers surround their fields with so that animals didn’t eat their crops? What robber baron is associated with the railroad movement? Secret agreements to charge lower prices to large shippers on railroads. When several small companies agree to divide up the business in an area. What made it easier and cheaper to produce stronger steel? Rich industrialists who used any means possible including eliminating competition to grow their business. What person is associated with the steel industry? What is it called when a business controls all the means of production from mining the raw materials to selling the finished product? Why do people invest in a corporation? What is the name given to a business owned by investors? What are shares in a corporation called? When investors receive a share of the corporations profit. What person was associated with the oil industry? What was Rockefeller’s business called? What is it called when a single board of directors controls many companies. What is it called when a company controls most of an industry? What is it called when a business is owned by private citizens who decide what to produce in order to make as much money as possible? What was it called when goods were made in factories located in cities? People moved to the cities to find jobs causing cities to grow quickly. This was an act designed to control monopolies and trusts. It was often misused to stop unions from striking. Who inventor was known as the Wizard of Menlo Park? Railroads (including transcontinental railroads) caused various other businesses to grow Little Big Horn reservations They lost the war although they may have won battles The Dawes Act Homestead Act sodbusters Barbed wire – this closed off the open range, ending the cattle boom Cornelius Vanderbilt rebates pool Bessemer process Robber barons Andrew Carnegie Vertical integration To share in the corporation’s profits through dividends and/or reselling their stock Corporation stock dividend John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil trust monopoly Free enterprise system Industrial revolution Sherman Antitrust Act Thomas Edison Workers stayed in one place putting interchangeable parts on products as they came to them. Who developed the idea of an automated assembly line? What happened because of the automated assembly line? What was the first major union in the United States? What was the name given to groups of workers trying to improve working conditions? Who was the leader of the Knights of Labor? Robber Baron banker who later controlled many industries by getting on the board of directors of corporations. Who was the leader of the AFL (American Federation of Labor)? What was the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire? What was the result of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire? Automated assembly line Henry Ford The price of goods became cheaper making it so more people could afford them. Knights of Labor Labor unions Terence Powderly J.P. Morgan Samuel Gompers A 1911 fire where many young women died because they worked in poor safety conditions. Improved safety conditions in factories – especially fire safety strike What was the name given to a work stoppage by workers to try to get better working conditions? What was the advantage of factory owners hiring children? They could be paid less than adults. Whose pictures exposed the dangers of child labor? Lewis Hines What was it called when immigrants blended into a single Melting pot culture? What is it called when people of the U.S. share common beliefs Cultural pluralism or the salad bowl such as democracy and capitalism, but still have distinct ethnic theory. beliefs they pass on over generations? What term refers to the process of fitting into America? acculturation A person who leaves their homeland to settle in another immigrant country. A condition that made people decide to leave their homelands. Push factor A condition which attracted people to settle in a new area. Pull factor A group of people who share the same culture. Ethnic group When a group of people took on a new culture to fit in. Immigrants did this to become American. The process of becoming a citizen. Assimilation naturalization The fear of foreigners. xenophobia A small apartment in a city slum building. tenement Act passed in 1882 that stopped Chinese immigration for 10 years. Chinese Exclusion Act Act which limited immigration to 350,000 people per year when it was passed in 1921. Each country could send a certain number of people to the U.S. based upon the percentage of people with that ancestry already living in the United States. An ethnic neighborhood which helped immigrants as they arrived in America. Religious and political persecution and famine were examples of… Cheap land, jobs and the hope of gaining riches were examples of… Place where immigrants faced their final inspection before entering the country in New York. The earliest immigrants came from these sections of Europe. Quota Act ghetto Push factors Pull factors Ellis Island Western and Northern The second wave of immigrants came from these sections of Europe. This country sends the most immigrants to the United States today. Group of people who wanted to end immigration. Southern and Eastern What caused cities to grow in the late 1800’s / early 1900’s? Factory jobs Immigration Excitement of living in the city Treating someone unfairly due to their race, ethnicity, age or gender. Christian organization which offered food and shelter to the poor. Who set up Hull House in Chicago? It provided help in learning English, provided daycare, and held sports events for children. Community centers which offered help to the poor. Author of Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer. Sensational newspaper style which emphasized scandals and crime over real news to sell stories. Variety shows which included comedians, song-and-dance routines, and acrobats. Published the World, the first mass circulation newspaper. discrimination Published the Journal and helped to develop the idea of yellow journalism. Writers who tried to show life as it actually was. Mexico nativists Salvation army Jane Addams Settlement houses Mark Twain Yellow journalism vaudeville Joseph Pulitzer Wililam Randolph Hearst realists