Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
2015/2016 State of the Environment Report – June 2016 THREATENED SPECIES Species known or likely to occur in Lake Macquarie which are listed as threatened under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. EPBC Act - Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 CE-Critically Endangered, E- Endangered, V-Vulnerable MS-Marine Species, Migratory Species (B-Bonn, J-JAMBA, C-CAMBA, K-ROKAMBA) * Recorded in Lake Macquarie City Schedule 1 - Endangered Community Corresponding LHCCREMS Community EPBC Act ENDANGERED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES (in the Sydney bioregion) Sydney Freshwater Wetlands MU 45 Lepironia Swamp * Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest MU 40 Swamp Oak - Rushland Forest MU40a Phragmities Rushland MU 41 Swamp Oak Sedge Forest * Freshwater Wetlands on Coastal Floodplains MU 46 Freshwater Wetland Complex * River-flat eucalypt forest on coastal floodplain MU5 Alluvial Tall Moist Forest MU 38 Redgum Rough-barked Apple Swamp Forest MU 42 Riparian Melaleuca Swamp Woodland MU 37 Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest * Swamp Sclerophyll forest on coastal floodplain MU 37 Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark Forest MU 42 Riparian Melaleuca Swamp Woodland MU42a Melaleuca Scrub MU 43 Wyong Paperbark Forest * Hunter Lowlands Redgum Forest MU 19 Hunter Lowland Redgum Forest Littoral Rainforest MU4 Littoral Rainforest Coastal Saltmarsh Mu47a Saltmarsh Lower Hunter Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest Themeda grassland MU17 Lower Hunter Spotted Gum - Ironbark Forest MU48 Coastal Clay Heath MU51 Coastal Headland Complex MU1 Coastal Wet Gully Forest MU1a Coastal Warm Temperate - Subtropical Rainforest MU 54 Sandstone Hanging Swamps * * * * Duffys Forest Quorrobolong Scribbly Gum Woodland Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia Coastal Upland Swamp in the Sydney Basin Bioregion V * * CE * E ENDANGERED POPULATIONS Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. parramattensis in Wyong and Lake Macquarie LGAs CE * Common name Species name EPBC Act ENDANGERED SPECIES INSECTS Giant Dragonfly Petalura gigantea * AMPHIBIANS Giant Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus Green & Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea Stuttering Frog Mixophyes balbus * * * REPTILES Broad-headed Snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides V Leathery, Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys coriacea E,MS,B Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta BIRDS Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus E Australian Painted-snipe Rostratula australis E,MS,C Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Bush Stone Curlew Burhinus magnirostris Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea * * * Little Tern Sterna albifrons * Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris Southern Giant-petrel Macronectes giganteus E,MS,B Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor * * * MAMMALS Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby Petrogale penicillata * V Eastern Quoll Dasyurus viverrinus * Dugong dugon Southern Right Whale PLANTS Bynoe’s Wattle V V E,MS,B CE,MS,B, C,J,K MS,B,C,J, K CE,MS E MARINE MAMMALS NB in Coastal Waters Adjacent to City/LGA Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Dugong E E,B MS,B Eubalaena australis * * Acacia bynoeana * V E,B Caladenia porphyrea Thick lip Spider Orchid, Daddy Long Legs Caladenia tessellata V Coastal Spurge Chamaesyce psammogeton Red Helmeted Orchid Corybas dowlingii White Flowered Wax Plant Cynanchum elegans Spider Orchid Dendrobium maleleucaphilum Yellow Gnat-orchid Genoplesium baueri E Angus’s Onion Orchid Microtis angusii E Coastal Groundsel (1920 record) Senecio spathulatus Magenta Lilly Pilly Syzygium paniculatum Horned Pond Weed Zannichellia palustris * * * * * * E V Schedule IA – Critically Endangered CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES BIRDS Beach Stone Curlew Hooded Plover Esacus neglectus Thinornis rubricollis Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza hrygia (Anthochaera hrygia) PLANTS Corunastylis Charmhaven / Wyong Midge Orchid 2 Wyong Sun Orchid Wyong Midge Orchid 1 MS MS * * V CE,J Corunastylis sp. Charmhaven (NSW896673) CE Thelymitra sp. adorata CE Genoplesium insigne (Corunastylis insignis in EPBC) * CE * * * * * V Schedule II – Vulnerable VULNERABLE ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES (in the Sydney bioregion) Lower Hunter Valley Dry Rainforest MU3 Hunter Valley Dry Rainforest VULNERABLE SPECIES AMPHIBIANS Giant Burrowing Frog Heleioporus australiacus Green-thighed Frog Litoria brevipalmata Littlejohn’s Tree Frog/Heath Frog Litoria littlejohni Red-crowned Toadlet Pseudophryne australis Wallum (Tinkling) Froglet Crinia tinnula MAMMALS Brush-tailed Phascogale Phascogale tapoatafa Koala Phascolarctos cinereus Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus Common (Eastern) Bent-winged Bat Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis/ Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii Myotis adversus Large-footed Mouse-eared Bat (Fishing Bat, Southern Myotis) Greater Broad-nosed Bat Scoteanax rueppellii Yellow-bellied Sheath-tailed Bat Saccolaimus flaviventris Little Bent-wing Bat Miniopterus australis Golden-tipped Bat Kerivoula papuensis Eastern Free-tail Bat (Eastern Little MastiffBat) Great Pipistrelle (Eastern (False) Falsistrelle) Mormopterus norfolkensis Large-eared Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri Eastern Cave Bat Eptesicus troughtoni (Vespadelus troughtoni) Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Falsistrellus tasmaniensis * * * * V V V * * * * * * * * * * V V Eastern Pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanus Eastern Chestnut Mouse Pseudomys gracilicaudatus Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis Yellow-bellied Glider Petaurus australis Tiger (Spotted-tailed) Quoll Dasyurus maculatus Parma Wallaby Macropus parma * * * * * MARINE MAMMALS NB in Coastal Waters Adjacent to City/LGA New Zealand Fur Seal Arctocephalus forsteri E MS Australian Fur Seal Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Sperm Whale Physeter catadon REPTILES Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Heath Monitor or Rosenberg’s Goanna Varanus rosenbergi Pale-headed Snake Hoplocephalus bitorquatus Stephen's Banded Snake Hoplocephalus stephensii * BIRDS Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis Comb-crested Jacana Irediparra gallinacea Mongolian Plover (Lesser Sand Plover) Charadrius mongolus * * * Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris * Large (Greater) Sand-Plover Charadrius leschenaulti * Antipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensis E,MS,B,C, J,K CE,MS,B, C,J,K V,MS,B,C ,J,K V,MS,B Gibson’s Albatross Diomeda gibsoni V,MS,B Black-browed Albatross Diomedea melanophrys Little Lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla Hooded Robin (south-eastern form) Melanodryas cucullata cucullata Brown Treecreeper (south-eastern subspecies Speckled Warbler Climacteris picumnus victoriae White-fronted Chat Epthianura albifrons Varied Sittella Daphoenositta chrysoptera Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata Black-chinned Honeyeater Melithreptus gularis gularis Grey-crowned Babbler (eastern subspecies) Pomatostomus tempoalis temporalis Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis Freckled Duck Stictonetta naevosa Flame Robin Petroica phoenicea Scarlet Robin Petroica boodang Wompoo Fruit -dove Ptilinopus magnificus Rose-crowned Fruit-dove Ptilinopus regina Superb Fruit-dove Ptilinopus superbus Turquoise Parrot Neophema pulchella Powerful Owl Ninox strenua Barking Owl Ninox connivens Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae Pyrrholaemus sagittata * * MS V,B B * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * V,MS,B V,MS,B MS MS Sooty Owl Tyto tenebricosa Sooty Oystercatcher Haematopus fuliginosus Osprey Pandion haliaetus Spotted Harrier Circus assimilis Square-tailed Kite Lophoictinia isura Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides Glossy Black-cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami Gang Gang Cockatoo Callocephalon fimfriatum Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Sooty Tern Sterna fuscata Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa * * Northern Giant-petrel Macronectes halli * PLANTS Charmhaven Apple Angophora inopina Netted Bottle Brush Callistemon linearifolius Leafless Tongue Orchid Cryptostylis hunteriana Port Jackson Heath Epacris purpurascens var. purpurascens Newcastle Doubletail Diuris praecox Camfield’s Stringybark Eucalyptus camfieldii Drooping Red Gum, Earp’s Dirty Gum Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. decadens Small-flower Grevillea Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora (a herb) Maundia triglochinoides Biconvex Paperbark Melaleuca biconvexa Tall Knotweed Persicaria elatior * * * * * * * * * * * Villous Mintbush Coastal Headland Pea Prostanthera densa Pultenaea maritima Eastern Underground Orchid Rhizanthella slateri Heath Wrinklewort Rutidosis heterogama Black-eyed Susan Tetratheca juncea Glandular Pink-bell Tetratheca glandulosa Austral Toadflax Thesium australe * * * * * * * * * MS,B B B MS,B,C,J, K MS MS,B,C,J, K V,MS,B V V V V V V V V V * * * * * E V V V Species listed as threatened under the EPBC Act 1999 but not the TSC Act 1995 New Holland Mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae) – vulnerable under EPBC Act Greater Glider (Petauroides volans) – vulnerable under EPBC Act Eastern Curlew (Numenius madagascariensis) – critically endangered under EPBC Act Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica menzbieri) – critically endangered under EPBC Act Red Knot (Calidris canutus) – endangered under EPBC Act ROTAP Species Known to Occur Callistemon shiressii (3RC-) Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii (3KC-) Gonocarpus salsoloides (3RCa) Typhonium eliosurum (3RC-) Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi subsp flexuosa (2K) (syn. Macrozamia flexuosa) Arthrochilus prolixus (2K) Elbow Orchid Key Threatening Processes Listed Under Schedule 3 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Anthropogenic Climate Change Bushrock Removal Predation by the Feral Cat (Felis catus) Invasion of native plant communities by Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera) Predation by the European Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Predation by Mosquito Fish (Gambusia holbrooki) High Frequency Fire resulting in the disruption of life cycle processes in plants and animals and loss of vegetation structure and composition Loss or Degradation (or both) of sites used for hill-topping by butterflies Clearing of native vegetation Alteration to the natural flow regimes of rivers and streams and their floodplains and wetlands Competition and grazing by the feral European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Competition from feral honeybees Apis mellifera Infection by Psittacine species and populations Infection of Native Plants by Phytophthora cinnamomi Infection of frogs by amphibian chytrid fungus causing the disease chytridiomycosis Invasion of native plant communities by exotic perennial grasses The entanglement in or ingestion of anthropogenic debris in marine and estuarine environments Removal of dead wood, dead trees and logs Predation, habitat degradation, competition and disease transmission by Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa) Competition and habitat degradation by Feral Goats (Capra hircus) Herbivory and environmental degradation caused by feral deer Alteration of habitat following subsidence due to long wall mining Death or injury to marine species following capture in shark control programs on oceans and beaches Invasion and establishment of exotic vines and scramblers Invasion and establishment of the Cane Toad (Bufo marinus) Invasion establishment and spread of Lantana (Lantana camara) The loss of hollow-bearing trees Bell Miner Associated Dieback Predation and Hybridization by Feral Dogs Invasion of Native Plant Communities by African Olive (Olea europaea) Introduction and Establishment of Exotic Rust Fungi of the order Pucciniales pathogenic on plants of the family Myrtaceae as a Key Threatening Process The Invasion and establishment of escaped exotic garden plants, including aquatic plants 33. Aggressive exclusion of birds from woodland and forest habitat by abundant Noisy Miners (Manorina melanocephala) Federal Key Threatening Processes Listed Under Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Competition and land degradation by rabbits Competition and land degradation by unmanaged goats Dieback caused by the root-rot fungus (Phytophthora cinnamomi) Incidental (or by catch) of seabirds during oceanic long line fishing operations Infection of amphibians with chytrid fungus resulting in chytridiomycosis Injury and fatality to vertebrate marine life caused by ingestion of , or entanglement in harmful marine debris Land clearance Loss and degradation of native plant and animal habitat by invasion of escaped garden plants including aquatic plants Loss of terrestrial climatic habitat caused by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases Predation by European Fox Predation by Feral Cats Predation, habitat degradation, competition and Disease Transmission by Feral Pigs Psittacine Circoviral (beak and feather) disease affecting psittacine species The biological effects, including lethal toxic ingestion, caused by Cane Toads (Bufo marinus) The reduction in the biodiversity of Australian native fauna and flora due to the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (fire ant) Aggressive exclusion of birds from potential woodland and forest habitat by over-abundant noisy miners (Manorina melanocephala) Novel biota and their impact on biodiversity List of Relevant State Recovery Plans • • • • • Koala Recovery Plan, November 2008 Barking Owl draft Recovery Plan, February 2003 Little Tern Recovery Plan, October 2003 Green & Golden Bell Frog draft Recovery Plan, February 2005 Magenta Lilly Pilly draft Recovery Plan (replaced by National recovery plan for Magenta Lilly Pilly (Syzygium paniculatum), 2012) • • • • • Yellow-bellied Glider Recovery Plan, February 2003 Large Forest Owl Recovery Plan, October 2006 Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby Recovery Plan, March 2008 Bush Stone Curlew Recovery Plan, February 2006 Red Goshawk Recovery Plan, October 2006 List of Relevant State Threat Abatement Plans • Bitou Bush and Boneseed Threat Abatement Plan, July 2006 • • Predation by Red Fox Threat Abatement Plan, December 2001 Predation by Plague Minnow Threat Abatement Plan, August 2003 List of Relevant Federal Recovery Plans • • • • National Recovery Plan for threatened Albatrosses & Giant Petrels, 2011 Commonwealth Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities Recovery Plan for Marine Turtles in Australia, July 2003 – Environment Australia Humpback Whale Recovery Plan 2005-2010, May 2005 – Department of Environment & Heritage Regent Honeyeater (Xanthomyza phrygia) Recovery Plan 1999-2003, May 1999 – Department of Natural Resources and Environment (replaced by Draft National Recovery Plan for Regent Honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia), July 2015 – Department of the Environment) • • • • • • • • • Swift Parrot (Lathamus discolor) Recovery Plan, 2001 - Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries Water & Environment Blue, Fin & Sei Whale Recovery Plan, 2005-2010 – Department of Environment and Heritage. National Recovery Plan for Microtis angusii, 2010 - Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water National Recovery Plan for the wallum sedgefrog and other wallumdependent frog species, 2006 – State of Queensland Environmental Protection Agency National Recovery Plan for the Thick-lip Spider Orchid Caladenia tessellata, July 2010 – State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment National recovery plan for Magenta Lilly Pilly (Syzygium paniculatum), 2012 NSW Office of Environment and Heritage National Recovery Plan for the Grey Nurse Shark, (Carcharias taurus), 2014 Department of the Environment National Recovery Plan for the Spotted-tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculatus, May 2016 - Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Blue Whale Conservation Management Plan: a Recovery Plan under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, 2015 – Department of the Environment List of Relevant Federal Threat Abatement Plans • • • • • • • Beak and feather disease affecting endangered psittacine species (2005) Competition and land degradation by unmanaged goats (2008) Competition and land degradation by rabbits (2008) Incidental catch or by catch of seabirds during longline fishing operations (2006) Infection of amphibians with chytrid fungus resulting in chytridiomycosis (2006) Predation by European red fox (2008) Predation by Feral cats (2015) • • • • • Predation, habitat degradation, competition and disease transmission by feral pigs (2005) Disease in natural ecosystems caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (2014) Impacts on marine debris on vertebrate marine life (2009) Biological effects, including lethal toxic ingestion, caused by Cane Toads (2011) Threat abatement plan for the incidental catch (or bycatch) of seabirds during oceanic longline fishing operations (2014) Species known or likely to occur in Lake Macquarie which are listed as threatened under the Fisheries Management Act 1994. Schedule IA – Critically Endangered SPECIES PRESUMED EXTINCT FISH Green Sawfish Pristis zijsron V CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES BIRDS Grey Nurse Shark Carcharias taurus * CE Posidonia australis in Lake Macquarie * E * V,B ENDANGERED POPULATION Strap weed in Lake Macquarie ENDANGERED SPECIES FISH Southern Bluefin Tuna (oceanic continental shelf waters offshore of LGA) INSECT Adams Emerald Dragonfly Thunnus maccoyii Archaeophya adamsi VULNERABLE SPECIES FISH Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Black (Rock) Cod Epinephelus daemelii V Key Threatening Processes listed under the Fisheries Management Act 1994 1. The introduction of fish to fresh waters within a river catchment outside their natural range 2. The removal of large woody debris 3. The degradation of native riparian vegetation along NSW water courses 4. The installation and operation of instream structures and other mechanisms that alter natural flow regimes of rivers and streams. 5. Shark meshing program 6. Hook and Line Fishing in areas important for the survival of threatened fish species 7. The introduction of non-indigenous fish and marine vegetation to the coastal waters of NSW 8. Human-caused Climate Change List of Relevant Recovery Plans under the Fisheries Management Act 1994 • Draft recovery Plan Grey Nurse Shark (Carcharias taurus) (2002) (replaced by National Recovery Plan for the Grey Nurse Shark, (Carcharias taurus), 2014 Department of the Environment) • Final Recovery Plan Black Cod (Epinephelus daemelii) (January 2011, Fisheries Conservation and Aquaculture Branch Port Stephens Fisheries Institute) List of Relevant Threat Abatement Plans under the Fisheries Management Act 1994 • Removal of large woody debris from NSW rivers and streams (July 2007)