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Thin Foal - Thick Gut
Shyamesh Kumar, DVM, Ph.D. Student
Jim Cooley, DVM, DACVP
College of Veterinary Medicine
Mississippi State University
Permission granted only for viewing on SEVPAC website
Signalment
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5 month old Tennessee Walker colt
ƒ Severely underweight
ƒ Stunted growth
ƒ Lethargic
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Case History
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Chronic weight loss
Soft formed feces progressed to diarrhea
Thickened small intestine
Positive for Salmonella infection
Rx with doxycycline and supportive therapy
Euthanized
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Colon
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Intestinal mucosa
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Elongated crypts
Stratified appearance of nuclei
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Warthin – Starry stain
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Warthin – Starry stain
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Diagnosis
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Morphologic Diagnosis: Proliferative enteritis
due to obligate intracellular, gram negative,
argyrophilic bacteria ….
Hint: Causes proliferative enteritis in Pigs
Etiology : Lawsonia intracellularis
Confirmative tests:
PCR: Positive for Lawsonia intracellularis
Immunohistochemistry: Positive for Lawsonia
intracellularis
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Immunohistochemistry
Purdue ADDL
Lawsonia intracellularis
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Obligate intracellular, gram negative,
argyrophilic bacteria
Enteric infection in pigs
Significant economic loss (98 M USD per year)
Few published reports in horses
Increased incidence in horses in last 10 years
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Pathogenesis
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Exact pathogenesis not worked out yet
Fecal-oral route of infection
Prefers crypt epithelium
Role of intestinal flora
Hyperplastic thickening of small intestine
Loss of brush border
Malabsorption, hypoproteinemia and
proliferative enteritis
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Pathogenesis cont.
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Up-regulates cell cycle regulation, cell
differentiation and cell proliferation
Down-regulates expression of MHC class I
Hay was procured from a farm which used pig
manure as a fertilizer
Bacteria cannot survive more than 2 weeks
outside the host at room temperature
Reservoir host/other sources of infection cannot
be ruled out
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Thank You
Equine
Porcine
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