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THE EGYPTIAN EMPIRE
THE MIDDLE KNIGDOM: About _________BCE, the pharaohs lost control of Egypt as nobles battled one another for
________________. Almost __________ years of confusion followed. Finally, a new dynasty of pharaohs came to power.
They moved their capital south from _____________ to a city called ______________. There they restored order and
stability, ushering in a new period called the ____________________ Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom lasted from about
________ BCE, to ______ BCE. During this time Egyptians enjoyed a golden age of stability, prosperity, and __________.
THE DRIVE FOR MORE LAND: During the Middle Kingdom, Egypt took control of _______ lands. Soldiers captured _____
to the _outh and attacked what is now _yria. The conquered peoples sent ___________________, or forced payments,
to the Egyptian pharaoh, ________________ the kingdom. Within Egypt, the pharaohs added more _aterways and
_ams. They increased the amount of land being _armed and built a _anal between the ______ River and the ______ Sea.
THE ARTS BLOSSOM: During the Middle Kingdom, _rts, _iterature, and _rchitecture thrived. Painters covered the walls of
_ombs and _emples with colorful scenes of the _eities and _aily life. Sculptors created large wall carvings and _tatues of
the pharaohs, showing them as _rdinary people rather than _odlike figures. ___________ wrote love __ongs and
tributes to the __________________. A new form of architecture was also created. Instead of building pyramids,
pharaohs had their tombs cut into _________ west of the _ile River. This area became known as the ______ of the ____.
WHO WERE THE HYKSOS? The Middle Kingdom came to an _______ in _______ BCE Nobles were again plotting to take
power from the pharaohs. This time, however, Egypt also faced a serious threat from _____________. A people known
as the _______________, from western Asia, attacked Egypt. The Hyksos were mighty __arriors. They crossed the
__esert in horse-drawn ________________ and used weapons made of __ronze and __ron. Egyptians had always fought
on ___________ with __opper and __tone weapons. They were ____ match for the invaders. The Hyksos ruled Egypt
for about ______________ years. Then, around 1550 BCE, an Egyptian prince named ___________ led an uprising that
drove the Hyksos out of Egypt.
THE NEW KINGDOM: Ahmose’s reign in Egypt a period known as the _________ Kingdom. During this time, from about
____________ BCE to ____________ BCE, Egypt became even __icher and more __owerful. Most pharaohs made
empire building a priority. They marched their armies ___________ into western Asia and fought wars to bring other
lands under their control. During the New Kingdom, Egypt reached the _____________ of its glory.
A WOMAN RULER: About 1473BCE, a queen named ________________ came to power in Egypt. She ruled first with her
__usband, and then, after his __eath, on behalf of her young __ephew. While _____________ she made herself
pharaoh. Hatsheput became one of the few women to ________ Egypt. Hatsheput was more interested in __________
than conquest. During her reign, Egytian traders sailed along the ___________ coast of Africa. They exchanged __eads,
__etal, __ools, and __eapons for __old, __vory, __bony, and __ncense, a material burned for its pleasant smell. These
trade journeys brought even greater wealth to Egypt. Hatsheput used some of this wealth to build _______________.
One of her greatest projects was a great __emple and __omb in the limestone cliffs of the ____________ of the ______.
EXPANDING THE EMPIRE: When Hatsheput died, her nephew _______________________, became pharaoh. Under
Thutmose, Egypt began aggressive wars of c__________________. Thutmose armies expanded Egypt’s borders _______
to the __uphrates River in __esopotamia. His troops also moved ______________ and regained control of __ubia, which
had broken a free from Egypt earlier. Under __hotmose, Egypt controlled more ___________________ than it ever had.
Thutmose’s empire grew ________ from _rade and _ribute. In addition to claiming gold, copper, ivory, and other
valuable goods from conquered peoples, Egypt _________________ many prisoners of _______. These unlucky captives
were rebuilding Thebes. They filled the city with beautiful palaces, temples, and monuments. ______________ had not
been widespread in Egypt before. During the ________ Kingdom, however, it became ____________. Enslaved people
did have some rights. They could own land, marry, and it eventually be granted their ______________.
THE LEGACIES OF TWO PHAROAHS: About 1370 B.C.E. ______________________ came to the throne. With the help of
his wife, ______________________ , Amenhotep tried to lead Egypt in a __________ direction.
A RELIGIOUS REFORMER: Amenhotep realize that Egypt’s priests were gaining power at the ________________ of the
pharaohs. In an attempt to maintain __________ own power, Amenhotep introduced a ___________ religion that swept
away the __________ gods and goddesses. Instead, only __ god, called _________, was to be worshipped. When Egypt’s
priests __esisted these changes, Amenhotep __emoved many from their __ositions, __eized their __ands, and __losed
__emples. He then changed his name to ___________________, which means “__pirit of __ton.” He began ruling Egypt
from a new city. To most Egyptians, Akhenton’s attacks on the gods seemed to be an attack on __________ itself. They
___fused to accept __ton as the only god. Meanwhile, Akhenaton became so devoted to his _______ religion that he
__________________ his duties as pharaoh. The administrators he appointed were ________ as experienced as the
priests they replaced and Akhenaton took ____ action when enemies from what is now ____________ attacked Egypt.
As a result, Egypt lost most of its lands in western _____________, greatly __hrinking the empire.
THE BOY KING: When Akhenaton died, his son –in-law in inherited the throne. The new pharaoh, _________________,
was a boy about _____ years old. He relied on help from the palace __fficials and __riests, who convinced him to restore
the ________ religion. After ruling for only ___ years, Tutankhamen ______ unexpectedly. He may have suffered a __all
or been __urdered; no one is for sure. What is certain is that “King _________”, as he is nicknamed, played only a small
role in Egypt’s history. Why, then, is he the most _______________ of all the pharaohs? The boy king captured the
people’s imaginations after British archaeologists, __oward _____________, found his tomb in 19____. The tomb
contained the king’s _____________ and incredible __reasures, including a brilliant gold ______ of the young pharaoh’s
face. Carter’s find was a thrilling discovery, because most royal tombs in Egypt were ____________ by robbers long ago.
THE END OF THE NEW KINGDOM: During the 1200s BCE, pharaohs worked to make Egypt great again. The most effective
of these pharaohs was _______________. He reigned for a remarkable _____ years from 1279 BCE to 1213 BCE. During
this Egyptian armies regained lands in western __________ and rebuilt the empire. Ramses also launched an ambitious
building program, constructing several major new __________.
WHY WERE TEMPLES BUILT? Under Ramses II and other New Kingdom rulers, scores of ______ temples rose throughout
Egypt. Many were built be enslaved people captured in ________. The most magnificent was ___________ at Thebes. Its
huge columned _______________ decorated with colorful paintings still impresses visitors __________. Unlike modern
churches, temples, and mosques, Egyptian temples did _________ hold regular services. Instead, most Egyptian’s prayed
at _______________. They considered the temples as ___ouses for the __ods and __oddesses. Priest and priestess,
however, performed daily temple ______________ washing statures of the deities and bring them food. The temples
also served as _________________, Egyptians used them to store valuable items, such as __________ jewelry, sweetsmelling __ils, and finely woven __loth.
EGYPT’S DECLINE AND FALL: After Ramses II, Egypt’s power began to ___________. Later Pharaoh’s had trouble keeping
____________________ countries under Egyptian control. Groups from the __astern __editerranean attacked Egypt by
sea, using strong _____________ weapons. The Egyptians had similar arms, but ___________ dearly for them because
Egypt lacked iron ________. By _______________BCE, the Egyptians has lost their ___________ and controlled only the
Nile _____________. Beginning in the 900bce, Egypt came under the rule of one outside group and another. The first
conquerors were the ________________ from the ____________. Then in 760 BCE, the people of ____________, a land
in the ___________________ seized power and ruled Egypt for the next 70 years. Finally, in ___________ BCE, Egypt
was taken over by the ___________________________.