Download Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually Transmitted
Infections
Basic information
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As you can probably tell by their name, sexually
transmitted infections (sometimes called STI or
STD) are transmitted by sexual contact between
two people.
Sexual contact does not necessarily mean
sexual intercourse. Sexual contact can include
coming into contact with another persons
genitals, oral sex, vaginal intercourse, or anal
intercourse. These are considered high risk
behaviors along with selecting high risk partners
(examples?) and sharing needles.
Epidemics
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An epidemic is where a large group of people in
one place suffer from the same disease.
In the United States, STIs are becoming an
epidemic. There are an estimated 65 million
people in the US with a sexually transmitted
infection.
So many of these cases go undiagnosed or
untreated…why?
Undiagnosed/Untreated STIs
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Many people don’t go to the doctor for treatment
of STIs because they’re unaware that anything’s
wrong with them. This is because most STIs
are asymptomatic meaning they don’t show any
symptoms. So, while they have the disease and
can be spreading it, they feel and look
normal…scary right?
Also, some people won’t go seek treatment
because they’re embarrassed and don’t want
anyone to find out. Keep in mind that all
information about STIs are kept confidential.
Dangers of STIs
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STIs are more than just gross looking
infections on your genitals. If they’re not
treated, STIs can:
Lead to infertility
Cause cancer
Be passed from mother to baby
Abstinence
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There is a clear cause-and-effect relationship
between sexual contact with people and STIs.
The more people you come into contact
sexually with, the higher chances you have of
getting a disease that may stay with you for life.
Unfortunately, lots of people trust the person
they choose to expose their bodies to, only to
be deceived about their past sexual history and
contract a STI. The best way to protect yourself
is to wait (a long time) to get to know the person
and make sure they’re not just trying to use you
for your body.
Virus vs. Bacteria
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Some STIs are caused by viruses while others are
caused by bacteria.
The main difference between the two is doctors don’t
have a cure for viruses but there are cures for
bacteria.
STIs caused by bacteria usually require antibiotics
and clear up. Although there are types of STIs that
are becoming resistant to our antibiotics so not all
bacterial STIs can be cured easily.
STIs caused by viruses are hard to treat. Since there
are no cures for viruses, you basically have to let it “run
it’s course”. Some viruses can stay in the body for life.
WARNING!
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The following slides have real pictures of
individuals infected with STIs. These
pictures are intended to show the severity
of STIs. If you feel uncomfortable, please
feel free to look away. Obviously, maturity
is necessary to discuss such a sensitive
topic.
Human Papillomavirus- HPV
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There are more than 40 types of HPV.
Some people may have HPV and never
even know it. It is the most common STI
caused by a virus.
In 90% of the cases, people with HPV
never show symptoms and their bodies
immune system clear the virus out without
any problems.
For the other 10%...not so lucky
Symptoms of HPV
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Genital warts are the most common symptom caused
by HPV.
Genital warts are often pinkish in color and resemble
cauliflower tops (sorry if you used to like cauliflower)
The warts don’t possess any real health danger,
they’re just gross to look at. They often will start out
very tiny and grow in clusters.
Warts will grow faster in women than men because
their reproductive organs are internal, dark, and moist
which promotes wart growth. Men’s reproductive
organs are dry and cool (not “cool” like awesome,
temperature wise) so the warts will grow more slowly.
HPV warts on the skin
HPV of the mouth
Oral cancer from HPV warts
How is HPV spread?
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Unlike a lot of other STIs, which are spread
by body fluids such as semen and vaginal
secretions, HPV is spread from person to
person by skin-to-skin contact in the genital
area.
Why is that important? Because a latex
condom only creates a barrier between the
penis and vagina, HPV can be spread even
if sex partners use protection.
How common is HPV?
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It is estimated that 20 million sexually
active people have HPV and another 6
million acquire it each year.
As previously stated, lots of people’s
immune systems are able to fight off the
virus before it can do any real damage in
the body.
1% of adults have genital warts
Other causes of HPV
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HPV is also the main cause of cervical cancer
Each year, 12,000 women are diagnosed with
cervical cancer caused by HPV.
HPV is also responsible for 7,000 cases of
throat cancer in men and women.
The types of HPV that cause genital warts do
not cause cancer and the types that cause
cancer do not cause genital warts.
Diagnosing and treating HPV
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Women can get tested for HPV by getting a pap
smear with their doctor. This test is meant for
detecting HPV that causes cervical cancer so if you
want to be checked for warts you have to inform your
doctor of that.
There are no tests for men. The only way to tell if a
man has HPV is to visually see the warts.
Warts can be removed by acids, liquid nitrogen,
surgery, or skin creams.
It is possible for men to carry the HPV strain that
causes cervical cancer and pass that onto a women
who could then develop cervical cancer.
Pap Test
This is a picture of a pap test where a speculum is inserted into the vagina to
allow a doctor to gather cells from the cervix. The cells gathered on the brush
and spatula will be wiped/smeared on a glass slide and examined in a
laboratory or under a microscope to look for abnormalities.
What about Gardasil?
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Gardasil is a vaccine which has been
approved by the FDA to prevent cervical
cancer in females between the ages of 9
and 26 years of age. It is also approved to
protect boys and men, ages 9 through 26
years, against genital warts due to certain
types of human papillomavirus (HPV).
Gardasil is a vaccine against the HPV or
Human Papillomavirus. The Gardasil
vaccine protects recipients against 4
types of HPV, including the two types
that cause most cervical cancers and the
two types that cause the most genital
warts.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCbHkG
mXv9Q&feature=player_detailpage
Gonorrhea
 Gonorrhea
is caused by a
bacteria.
 One of the more common STIs,
there are an estimated 700,000
new cases each year.
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Usually, gonorrhea is
asymptomatic. If symptoms
do appear, they’ll most likely
consist of:
Burning during urination
Discharge from the
penis/vagina
Gonorrhea can be passed
from mother to baby.
Gonorrhea in women
Mother to baby
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Babies born with gonorrhea can develop
blindness and life threatening blood
infections.
Gonorrhea—Rates by State, United States and Outlying
Areas, 2010
NOTE: The total rate of gonorrhea for the United States and outlying areas (Guam, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands) was
99.6 per 100,000 population.
Gonorrhea—Rates by Age and Sex, United States, 2010
Men
750
Rate (per 100,000 population)
600
450
300
150
0
253.4
421.0
241.3
Age
0
150
20–24
560.7
35–39
64.2
40–44
34.1
11.0
2.4
94.1
600
570.9
226.3
107.5
30–34
85.1
450
15–19
25–29
146.5
Women
300
48.2
23.8
45–54
9.0
55–64
1.9
65+
0.5
Total
106.5
750
Syphilis
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Syphilis is caused by a bacteria and is
often called, “The great imitator” because it
has symptoms like many other diseases.
There are three stages to syphilis. The first
two are treatable with antibiotics. Once
syphilis gets to the third stage, it’s incurable
and life threatening.
st
1
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stage syphilis
The first stage of syphilis is a red sore
called a chancre. There are two things bad
about chancres. One, they’re painless so
many people don’t think they’re too serious
because they don’t hurt. Two, they’ll heal
and go away on their own so many people
think they don’t need to go to the doctor. If
left untreated, 1st stage will progress into
2nd stage.
Syphilis
nd
2
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stage syphilis
After 1st stage syphilis will advance into 2nd
stage syphilis. 2nd stage syphilis will
appear like a rash on the palms of the
hands or bottoms of the feet. The rash
typically doesn’t itch and will also go away
on its own if left untreated. If that happens,
syphilis will advance to 3rd stage syphilis.
rd
3
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stage syphilis
3rd stage syphilis is incurable and can
eventually lead to death. The bacteria
spreads throughout the body and can
cause permanent damage to the brain,
heart, lungs, liver and kidneys.
Primary and Secondary Syphilis—Rates by State, United
States and Outlying Areas, 2010
NOTE: The total rate of primary and secondary syphilis for the United States and outlying areas
(Guam, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands) was 4.5 per 100,000 population.
Primary and Secondary Syphilis—Rates by Age and Sex,
United States, 2010
Men
25
Rate (per 100,000 population)
20
15
10
5
0
5.6
Age
0
5
3.0
15–19
21.9
4.5
20–24
19.2
3.0
25–29
15.8
2.0
30–34
12.7
35–39
13.8
8.5
2.7
0.6
7.9
1.4
40–44
1.0
45–54
0.8
55–64
0.2
65+
0.0
Total
1.1
Women
10
15
20
25
Chlamydia
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Chlamydia is caused by a bacteria.
It is often pair up with gonorrhea because the
symptoms are very similar. Chlamydia is the
most common bacterial STI.
It can be passed from mother to baby
Chlamydia is typically asymptomatic but can
cause:
Burning during urination
Discharge from penis or vagina
Chlamydia—Rates by State, United States and Outlying
Areas, 2010
NOTE: The total rate of chlamydia for the United States and outlying areas (Guam, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
Islands) was 422.6 per 100,000 population.
Chlamydia—Rates by Age and Sex, United States, 2010
Men
3,700
Rate (per 100,000 population)
2,960
2,220
1,480
740
0
774.3
1,187.0
598.0
Age
0
740
91.3
39.3
10.9
2.8
233.7
2,220
2,960
3,700
3,378.2
20–24
3,407.9
1,236.1
30–34
153.2
1,480
15–19
25–29
309.0
Women
35–39
40–44
530.9
220.1
94.7
45–54
32.8
55–64
9.3
65+
2.1
Total
610.6
Herpes simplex virus
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Genital herpes are caused by the herpes
simplex virus.
There are two types:
Type 1= cold sores on the mouth
Type 2= genital sores
Both types can occur on either the mouth
or genitals. Is oral sex safe sex now?
Genital herpes type 2
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Symptoms are usually painful red sores that
occur during an “outbreak”. These sores
typically pop, drain/bleed, and scab up.
The virus does not live in the sores, those are
just side effects of the virus. The virus lives in
the body and is spread by blood or semen and
vaginal secretions. So, the virus can be spread
even if the infected person does not have an
outbreak.
This virus can be spread from mother to baby
where is it potentially fatal to the new born.
Scabies
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Scabies is an itchy, highly contagious skin
condition caused by an infestation by the
itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei
Direct skin-to-skin contact is ho it is
transmitted.
A severe and relentless itch is the
predominant symptom of scabies
Scabies
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Scabies produces a skin rash composed of
small red bumps and blisters and affects
specific areas of the body.
Treatment includes oral or topical
scabicidal drugs.
Sexual contact is the most common form of
transmission among sexually active young people, and
scabies has been considered by many to be a sexually
transmitted disease (STD).
Scabies
Crabs or Pubic Lice
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The lice and eggs are small and usually
visible. Symptoms of public lice include:
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small amounts of bleeding on the skin
itchiness around the genitals
visible eggs or crawling lice