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Chapter 7 Jeffersonian America
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Battle of
Tippecanoe
Resulted in the defeat of the Shawnee Chief
Tenskwatawa, "the Prophet" at the hands
William Henry Harrison in the Indiana
wilderness. After this, Tecumseh, forged an
alliance with the British against the US.
Chesapeake
Affair
An incident in 1807 when the British ship
the Leopard fired at an American ship. The
British abducted four American sailors,
whom they charged were deserters from the
Royal Navy.
Commonwealth
v. Hunt
Landmark ruling of the Massachusetts
Supreme Court establishing the legality of
labor unions.
4.
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney's invention for removing seeds
from cotton thus expanding agriculture and
increasing the need for slave labor.
5.
Daniel Webster
A Repbulican and soon to be Whig from the
state of Massachuetts. He held major
political offices, serving terms in the United
States House of Representatives, United
States Senate and as well as secretary of
state under three different presidents.
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Dartmouth
College v.
Woodward
U.S. Supreme Court upheld the charter of
this establishment aganist New
Hampshire's attempt to alter the board of
trustees; set precedent of support of
contracts against state interference.
Denmark Vesey
Uprising
An alleged plot led by a free blackman, to
free slaves in Charleston and kill their
masters.
Embargo Act of
1807
The cornerstone of Jefferson's plan of
peaceable coercion that attempted to block
US trade with England and France to force
them to respect US neutrality.
Era of Good
Feelings
A term that the press coined to describe the
absence of bitter partisan conflict during
the presidency of James Monroe.
Gibbons v.
Ogden
U.S. Supreme Court decision reinforcing
the "commerce clause" (the fed govt's right
to regulate interstate commerce) of the
Constitution: Chief Justice Marshall ruled
against the State of New York's granting of
steamboat monopolies.
Harford
Convention
A meeting of Federalists to protest the War
of 1812. They proposed several
amendments intended to weaken the
powers of the slave states and protect New
England interests.
12.
Henry Clay
A Republican Congressmen from Kentuck
who were intensely nationalistic, resented the
British, wanted to wage war against the
Indians, and wanted to annex Canada. He
was a warhawk. He held major political
offices, serving terms in the United States
House of Representatives, United States
Senate and as as secretary of state.
13.
Impressment
The practice of forcing merchant seamen to
serve in the British navy.
John C.
Calhoun
A Republican Congressmen from South
Carolina who were intensely nationalistic,
resented the British, wanted to wage war
against the Indians, and wanted to annex
Canada. He was a warhawk. He held major
political offices, serving terms in the United
States House of Representatives, United
States Senate and as the seventh Vice
President of the United States (1825-1832), as
well as secretary of war and state.
Louisiana
Purchase
The acquisition by the US of this Territory
from France in 1803, thereby securing control
of the Mississippi River and nearly doubling
the size of the nation.
Macon's Bill
No. 2
Aimed at resuming peaceful trade with Britain
and France, the act stipulated that if either
Britain or France repealed its trade
restrictions, the US would reinstate the
embargo against the nonrepealing nation.
Marbury v.
Madison
First U.S. Supreme Court decision to declare a
federal law- the Judiciary Act of 1801unconstitutional. This case established the
principle of "Judicial Review" the idea that the
S.C. had the final authority to determine
constitutionality.
McCulloch v.
Maryland
U.S. Supreme Court decision in which Chief
Justice John Marshall, holding that a state
could not tax the Second Bank of the US,
supported the authority of the federal
government versus the states.
Midnight
Judges
Federal justices appointed by John Adams
during the last days of his presidency. Their
positions were revoked when the newly
elected Republican Congress repealed the
Judiciary Act.
Missouri
Compromise
This agreement allowed one state to enter as a
slave state, and another admitted as a free
state to preserve the balance of slave and free
states in Congress. The law also drew an
imaginary line through the Louisiana
Territory. Slavery was prohibited north of this
line.
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Monroe
Doctrine
A foreign policy statment declaring that the Americas were no longer open to colonization and that the US would view any
effort to reassert colonial control over independent nations in the Western Hemisphere as a threat to America.
NonIntercourse
Act
Passed alongside the repeal of an earlier act, it reopened trade with all but the two belligerent natins, Britain and France.
The Act continued Jefferson's policy of economic coercion, still with little effect.
Panic of
1819
A downturn in the American economy that plunged the nation into depression and economic hardship.
Rush-Bagot
Agreement
Signed by Britain and the US, it established strict limits on naval armaments in the Great Lakes.
War Hawks
Young Republican congressmen from the South and Western regions of the country who favored Western expansion and
war with Britain.