Download Sc 9 Electricity LAB BOOKLET

Electrical Principles and
Technology:
Lab Activities Booklet
Topics
to
Name: ___________________
Name: _________________________
Table of Contents
Page Number(s)
Topic 1 Activities
2-3
4-5
6
7-8
9-10
Static Discharge and Lightning Virtual Lab
Skill Practice Lab Write up
QuickLAB – Fruit Cells
What is an Electrochemical Cell? Virtual Lab
Modifying Electrochemical Cells Virtual Lab
Page Number(s)
Topic 2 Activities
11-13
14-15
16-17
Investigating Conductivity Lab
Designing Circuits
Calculating Resistance
Page Number(s)
Topic 3 Activities
18-19
20
21-22
23-24
Building a Motor – Virtual Lab
Power Problems
Power Problems – challenge
Comparing Input and Output Energies
Page Number(s)
Topic 4 Activities
25
26-27
28
Household Energy Usage (Gizmo) – separate sheet
Home Energy Quiz
Conserving Energy Research
Review Crossword
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/5
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/15
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/12
/4
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You must complete all of the lab assignments
and hand them into the IN BIN for grading.
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Static Discharge and Lightning Virtual Lab
Use the website and links below to answer the following questions.
First go to
www.learnalberta.ca
Type in
Static Discharge into the Find Resources box.
The link will be on the right hand side of the screen.
Work through the tour and answer the following questions. Be sure to click “play” wherever
necessary.
1. What is an electroscope and how does it work? (2)
2. Why does a sock have a negative charge and the shirt have a positive charge? (1)
3. What happens when there is static discharge between the sock and the shirt? (1)
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Static Discharge and Lightning Virtual Lab
Go back to
www.learnalberta.ca
Type in
Lightning into the Find Resources box
The link will be on the right hand side of the screen.
Work through the tour and answer the following questions. Be sure to click “play” wherever
necessary.
1. How does static electricity build up in clouds and discharge as lightning? (2)
2. List two places/structures from the picture that are considered safe during a lightning
storm. Explain what precautions you should take for each. (2)
3. List two places/structures from the picture that are considered NOT SAFE during a
lightning storm. Explain why. (2)
4. How long between lightning and thunder (delay) should you take action to decrease the
likelihood of being hit by lightning, according to Environment Canada. (1)
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Found on Page 282
Grading Rubric
5
4
- Final write-up demonstrates a
willingness to test and learn using the
provided materials.
- A table is provided in the write-up
outlining the different tests that were
completed.
- The questions above are answered
thoroughly and prove thoughtful
experimentation.
- The quality of the write-up meets the
Grade 9 standards.
3
2
1
- Final write-up demonstrates a lack of
willingness to test and learn using the
provided materials.
- A table is either not provided in the
write-up, or does not show a high level of
engagement.
- The questions above are not answered
with enough detail to prove thoughtful
experimentation.
- The quality of the write-up does not
meet the Grade 9 standards.
A simple write-up
Title
- Create your own title
Problem
- The reason for completing the lab
Observations
- A table outlining what was tested
Analysis
Answer the above questions
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Title
Problem
Observations
- A table outlining what was tested
Analysis
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QuickLAB—Fruit Cells
Found on page 290
Purpose
To test the ability of fruits and vegetables to act as electrolytes
Materials & Equipment
•
•
•
•
•
straight pieces of copper wire (electrode)
straightened paper clips (electrode)
connecting wires
voltmeter
various fruits and vegetables (e.g., lemons, potatoes)
Procedure
1. Choose one fruit or vegetable. Insert the two different electrodes into the fruit about
1 cm apart. Push them down to a depth of about 2 cm, making sure they remain about
1 cm apart.
2. Use the connecting wires to connect the electrodes to the voltmeter. Record the reading on the
voltmeter scale. (1)
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Predict which fruit or vegetable will produce the largest voltage. Test your prediction by repeating
steps 1 and 2 with the different fruits and vegetables. (1)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Questions
4.
What do you think would happen if you reversed the connections on the electrodes? Explain. (1)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Would it be possible to use two or more fruits linked together to produce voltage? Draw a diagram
of how you might accomplish this, and predict the voltage results. (2)
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What is an Electrochemical Cell? Virtual Lab
Use the website and links below to answer the following questions.
First go to
www.learnalberta.ca
Type in
Electrochemical Cell into the Find Resources box.
The link “What is an Electrochemical Cell” will be on the right hand side of the screen.
Work through the tour and answer the following questions. Be sure to click “play” to see all the
animations.
1. Technically, what is a battery?
2. Why are cells wired together?
3. What is a 9 V battery made up of?
4. A) What are the two types of cells?
B) What is the difference between the two of them?
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5. Describe the FOUR basic components of electrochemical cells?
a)
b)
c)
d)
6. Draw the final set-up from constructing your own electrochemical cell
(remember labels).
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Modifying Electrochemical Cells Virtual Lab
Use the website and links below to answer the following questions.
First go to
www.learnalberta.ca
Type in
Electrochemical Cell into the Find Resources box.
The link “Modifying Electrochemical Cells” will be on the right hand side of the screen.
Work through the tour and answer the following questions. Be sure to click “play” to see all the
animations.
QUESTION: How do the changes in _____________________ and ______________________
affect the voltage and current produced by an electrochemical cell?
The four variables we will be testing are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Variable 1
Vary the selection of electrodes and record the voltage.
Electrode combination
Voltage (V)
Variable 2
Vary the electrolyte solution and record the voltage.
Electrolyte Solution
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Voltage (V)
Electrical Principles and Technology Activity Booklet – Topics 1 - 4
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Variable 3
Vary the concentration of the electrolyte solution and record the voltage.
Electrolyte Concentration
Voltage (V)
Variable 4
Vary the temperature of the electrolyte solution and record the voltage.
Electrolyte Temperature (ºC)
Voltage (V)
Conclusion
The electrode combination that produced the highest voltage was _________________ and
_______________. The electrolyte solution that produced the highest voltage was
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________________________________. The concentration of electrolyte solution that
produced the highest voltage would be ____%. The temperature of electrolyte solution that
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produced the highest voltage was _____ºC.
Investigating Conductivity
The Question
How does the conductivity of different solutions compare?
The Hypothesis
Reword the question to form a hypothesis.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Materials & Equipment
• 100-mL graduated cylinder
• 250-mL beaker
• distilled water
• conductivity tester
• tap water
• salt water
• vinegar
• copper(II) sulfate solution
• other solutions provided by your teacher
Safety
Wear safety goggles and an apron. Be careful when you handle glassware.
Procedure
1. Record the conductivity readings of the solutions you test in the table on the next page.
Give the table a title.
2. Put 50 mL of distilled water into a 250-mL beaker.
3. Place the metal tips of your conductivity tester in the distilled water.
4. Record the conductivity reading of the distilled water in your table. If your conductivity
tester is a light bulb, describe the brightness of the bulb.
5. Repeat steps 2–4 with 50-mL samples of tap water, salt water, vinegar, copper(II) sulfate
solution, and any other solution you wish to test – make sure to shake each solution before
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testing. After each conductivity test, wipe off the tips of the conductivity tester. Make sure
that you insert them to the same depth in each solution.
6. When you have finished testing the solutions, seal them up again and put them back in the
box.
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Table Title: ____________________________________________________________
Liquid or Solution
Distilled water
Conductivity
Tap water
Salt water
Vinegar
Copper(II) sulfate solution
Milk
Analyzing and Interpreting
7. Were there differences in conductivity among the solutions you tested? How could you tell?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
8. Account for the differences in conductivity among the solutions by explaining what is
happening in the solutions.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Forming Conclusions
9. Write a summary of your results that answers the question: How does the conductivity of
different solutions compare?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Applying and Connecting
(check if you have read and understand the paragraph below)
Solution conductivity is a powerful tool for studying the environment. Electrical conductivity
(EC) increases with the number of ions dissolved in water. This means that conductivity
readings can be used as indicators of water quality and the composition of the surrounding soil.
Higher EC values in water can be natural because of minerals dissolved in the water; for
example, in lakes that have limestone basins. But higher EC levels can also signal the presence
of pollutants in a watershed because pollutants are a source of additional ions. An example is
the use of salt on roads as a safety measure to remove ice. Unfortunately when the snow and
ice melt, large amounts of salty run-off water enter lakes and streams and can be harmful to
aquatic organisms. EC readings can be used to monitor the concentration of salt and other
pollutants in the water.
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Designing Circuits
What to Do
Use information from Topics 1 – 3 from your Science Focus textbook to help you draw the
circuit diagrams described below. Be sure to use the proper symbols, and label your drawings.
Questions
1. Draw a diagram of a circuit that consists of a 9 V battery, an ammeter, and a 25 Ω resistor
in series. Include a voltmeter that is measuring the potential difference across the resistor.
(4)
2. What will the reading be on the ammeter in question 1? (2)
Calculations:
3. What would the reading be on the ammeter in question 1 if you added a second 9 V
battery in series with the first? (2)
Calculations:
4. Add a voltmeter to the set-up in question 3. What is the reading on the voltmeter? Explain.
(1)
Calculations:
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5. Draw an electric circuit consisting of a battery made up of two 1.5 V cells, a switch, two
lamps, and an ammeter in series. Indicate the direction in which the current flows. (5)
6. Draw an electric circuit consisting of a battery made up of four 1.5 V cells, one switch, one
lamp, two 0.50 Ω resistors in series, and a voltmeter. Indicate the direction in which the
current flows. (6)
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Calculating Resistance
What to Do
Read the Model Problem on page 282 of SCIENCEFOCUS 9. Use it as a sample to help you
calculate answers to the following questions.
Questions
1. An automobile headlight has an average resistance of 24 Ω. Car batteries provide a
potential difference of 12 V. What amount of current passes through the headlight? (2)
Calculations:
2. In a portable radio, 0.5 A of current are flowing through a conductor that provides 18 Ω of
resistance. What potential difference is provided by the battery? (2)
Calculations:
3. A 9 V battery maintains a current of 3 A through a portable radio. What is the resistance of
the conductor? (2)
Calculations:
4. What is the resistance of a 1100 W hair dryer plugged into a 110 V outlet with a 10 A
current flowing through it? (2)
Calculations:
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5. A student finds a resistor in an old transistor radio. When the resistor is attached to a 1.5 V
cell, the flow of current is measured at 0.025 A. When the resistor is attached to four 1.5 V
cells, the current is measured at 0.1 A. When the resistor is attached to a 9 V battery, the
current is measured at 0.15 A. Is the resistor an ohmic resistor? Explain how you know. (3)
Calculations:
6. A portable CD player, operating with four 1.5 V cells connected in series, provides a
resistance of 15 000 Ω. What amount of current is flowing through the CD player? (2)
Calculations:
7. An electric motor has an operating resistance of 25 Ω when a 4.8 A current is flowing
through it. What is the potential difference of the outlet the motor is plugged into?(2)
Calculations:
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Building a Motor – Virtual Lab
Using the learnalberta.ca website, choose “Building a Motor” under grade 9 science and “Electrical
Principle and Technology”
List the three questions that will be answered through this investigation
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Now build a motor
The three components that all motors have are an ________________________, a
________________________ and a stationary ________________________
What are the most common problems found in a motor? (to troubleshoot?)
1. ______________________
2. ______________________
3. ______________________
4. ______________________
MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH
Which setting makes the motor run the fastest? ___________________
ARMATURE BALANCE: Aligning end wire
Which setting makes the motor run fastest? _________________________
ARMATURE BALANCE: Centering the coil
Which setting makes the motor run the fastest? ____________________
COMMUTATOR DESIGN
Why do we need to remove part of the coating? (two reasons)
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Which commutator works best? And why? (1)
In the space below, draw and label a complete motor (5)
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Power Problems
What to Do
Use the information from page 323 of SCIENCEFOCUS 9 to answer the questions below.
Questions
1. A gasoline-powered generator consumes 15 000 J of energy in 5.0 minutes. How much power did it
produce in this time?
Calculations:
2. A toaster connected to a 110 V power source has 6.0 A of current flowing through it. How much
power is dissipated as heat?
Calculations:
3. A light bulb draws 1.25 A of current from a 120 V gasoline-powered generator.
(a) How much power does the generator produce?
Calculations:
(b) If the generator runs for 5.0 minutes, how much energy will the lamp convert into heat and
light?
Calculations:
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Power Problems – Need a Challenge?
Questions
1. (a) How much energy will a 100 W light bulb convert to light and heat if it is left burning for 1 h?
Calculations:
(b) If the bulb is 15 percent efficient at converting electricity into light, how much energy has been
lost as heat?
Calculations:
2.
A 1.5A current passes through a new colour television set when it is connected to a 110 V outlet.
(a) How much power will the TV set use?
Calculations:
(b) If the TV is operating an average of 6 h every day for a week, how many kilowatt hours (kW•h)
of
energy will it use in one week?
Calculations:
(c) How many kilowatt hours of energy will the television use in January?
Calculations:
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(d) How much energy will the television use in one year?
Calculations:
(e) If electricity costs 12 cents per kilowatt hour, what is the cost of operating this television set for
one year?
Calculations:
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Comparing Input and Output Energies
This table lists energy measurements from experiments on energy-converting devices. For each device,
calculate the percent of its input energy that it converts to useful output energy (percentage efficiency).
Remember to show your work in the box provided. Add a title to the table.
Table Title: ___________________________________________________________
Device
Input Energy
Useful Output
Energy
Gasoline-powered
sport utility vehicle
675 kJ
81 kJ
Gasoline-electric
hybrid vehicle
675 kJ
195 kJ
Mid-efficiency
natural-gas furnace
110 MJ
85 MJ
Electric baseboard
heater
9.5 kJ
9.5 kJ
Alkaline dry cell
84.52 kJ
74.38 kJ
Fluorescent light
12.5 kJ
2.75 kJ
780 J
31 J
Incandescent light
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Percentage Efficiency
Electrical Principles and Technology Activity Booklet – Topics 1 - 4
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Which device is the most efficient?
______________________________________________________________________
Which is the least efficient?
______________________________________________________________________
What do you think causes the difference between the most and the least efficient?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Conserving Energy
1. Using the internet, research ways to conserve electricity in each category. Complete
the chart below. (10)
Category
Ways to Conserve Electricity
(a) cooking
(b) laundry
(c) refrigerator or
freezer
(d) water heater
(e) crafts of recreation
List two web sites useful in your research. (2)
Site Name
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2. In what other areas at home might you be able to conserve electricity? (3)
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8. Conserve Energy - Crossword Puzzle Now that you have talked about energy and energy conservation in class, put yourself to the test
and see how much you know.
Across
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
______vehicles switch between two types of energy. (6)
When a car is running but not moving, it is ______. (6)
It is the natural source of all our heat and light. (3)
Liquid fuel made from plants. (7)
What is another name for a person walking? (10)
_____ the blinds and curtains during hot summer days to help keep the house cool. (5)
Run this appliance only when it’s full! (10)
When you turn food scraps into fertilizer you are __________. (10)
Down
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Taking big _____ uses more water than taking a quick shower. (5)
These traditional light bulbs use lots of energy. (13)
A “colourful” name for renewable energy. (10)
If these are properly inflated, vehicles use less fuel. (5)
A ___ is a cheap way to stay cool. (3)
Do laundry in ____water to save energy. (4)
Use an extra blanket and turn down the__________ at bedtime. (10)
When shopping, try to buy things with less _________, they use less paper and
wrappings of all kinds. (9)
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