Download Early Modern Era

Early Modern Era: Europe during the Renaissance, Early Exploration, and the French Invasions of
Italy - Circa 1453 – 1516
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France after the HYW
o Charles VII
 Burgundians and Armgnacs
 Royal Council
 New Taxes
 Jacques Coeur
 First Permanent Army
o Louis XI
 “The Spider King”
 Anjou, Bar, Main, Provence
o Charles VIII
 Invasions of Italy
 (Detailed later in this lecture)
England
o War of the Roses
 1455-1485
 York (white rose)
 Lancaster (red rose)
o Lancaster Dynasty
 Henry VI
o York Dynasty
 Richard Duke of York
 Edward IV
 Richard III
o Tudor Dynasty
 Tied to Lancaster Dynasty
 Henry VII
 Court of the Star Chamber
Holy Roman Empire
o House of Hapsburg
 Frederick III
 Maximilian I (pictured)
o Burgundy
 Charles the Bold
 Mary of Burgundy
 Mary Wed to Maximilian I
 Diet / Reichstag
o Concessions
 Banned Private Warfare
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 Court system
 Council of Regency
Italian City States
o Republic of Milan
 Visconti
 Sforza Family
 Controls Genoa
o Republic of Florence
 Medici Family
 Ciompi Revolt (After Black Death)
 Cosimo de’ Medici
 Lorenzo “the Magnificent”
o Republic of Venice
 The Great Council
 Doge
 Council of Ten
o The Papal States
 Church Control
o Naples/Sicily
 France
 Aragon
o Trade Monopolies
Portugal
o Treaty of Windsor – 1386
 Importance
o Caravel
o Prince Henry “The Navigator”
o Trade/Conquest in West Africa
African Empires
 Malinese Empire
o Circa 1230s – 1600s
 Songhay (Songhai) Empire
o Sunni Ali
o Circa 1340–1591
o Trade:
 Gold
 Salt
 Slaves
Portuguese Exploration
o Bartholomew Diaz
 Cape if Good Hope / Cape of Storms
o Vasco de Gama
 Rounded Africa, to India
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Aragon & Castile – “Future Spain”
o “The Catholic Monarchs”
 Ferdinand of Aragon
 Isabella of Castile
 Conquests:
 Navarre
 Granada
 Children – Arranged Marriages
 Catherine of Aragon & Prince Arthur of England
o Later - Catherine of Aragon & Prince Henry (Henry VIII) of
England
 Johanna of Castile & Phillip of Hapsburg
o Charles I of Spain
Christopher Columbus
o Genoese Sailor
o Shorter Route to India?
o Portugal and Spain
o August-October 1492
o San Salvador
Treaty of Tordesillas
o Spain
o Portugal
o Catholic Church
Portugal
o King Manuel I
o Pedro Alvares Cabral
 With Diaz
 Brazil
o Amerigo Vespucci
 Agent of the Medici’s
First French Invasions of Italy
o Treaty of Lodi
o Alliance – Naples, Florence, Church (Alexander VI)
 Vs. Milan (Ludivuco Sforza of Milan)
o France (Charles VIII) Allies with Milan to attack Naples
 March through Florence
o Girolamo Savonarola & Piero de’Medici
o Ferdinand of Aragon intervenes
 League of Venice
 Ferdinand of Aragon
 Venice
 Church
 Maximillian Hapsburg
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 Milan (Defecting from France)
Niccolo Machiavelli
o Greatest Political theorist of the Renaissance
o Study of Rome
o Belief in Italian unification to resist invasion
o The Prince
o “Strongman”
o Ends justify the means
The Borgias
o Pope Alexander VI
o Cesare Borgia
 Claim on Romanga
Pope Julius II
o “Warrior Pope”
Second French Invasion
o “Holy League” - 1511
 Pope Julius II
 Emperor Maximillion I (HRE)
 Ferdinand of Aragon
 Venice
Third French Invasion
o Pope Leo X
 Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici
o Francis I of France
o The Concordant of Bologna
 French control of French Bishops
 French assistance to church vs Conciliarism